Sheri-Ann Tan
ABSTRACT
Over the years, much research had been performed on coffee beans due to their vast potential health benefits. Nevertheless, there is yet any study conducted on the bioactivities of drip brewed coffee commonly prepared in cafes. Hence, this work aimed to compare the antibacterial activities of drip coffee from different bean varieties; Coffea arabica, Coffea robusta, and Coffea liberica. The coffee phytocompounds were then tested for their in silico inhibitory potential against bacterial virulence factor, MrkD adhesion protein, responsible for binding to human kidney. Growth inhibition of four urinary tract infection bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) using the coffee extracts were evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Molecular docking experiment was further conducted to determine the interaction of coffee phytocompounds with MrkD adhesion protein. Among the tested bacteria, K. pneumoniae showed significantly higher susceptibility towards the coffee extracts. C. robusta charted the lowest minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 2000μg/mL followed by C. arabica (4000μg/mL) and C. liberica (>4000μg/mL) against this bacterium. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed presence of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in all drip coffees but caffeic acid was found to be absent. Interestingly, chlorogenic acid demonstrated strong binding to an active pocket of MrkD receptor binding domain. This compound interacted with Arg105 residue which was vital in the binding of MrkD to collagen V of the host. In view of that, further investigation should be performed focusing on the inhibition machinery of coffee extracts towards the virulency of K. pneumoniae.
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Index Terms
- Antibacterial and Antivirulence Properties of Phenolic-Rich Drip Brewed Coffees
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