ABSTRACT
The study aims to construct an effective early warning system (EWS) to predict the crisis triggered turbulence in Chinese bond market by integrating the volatility regime switching model, SWARCH, to improve the crisis classifying precision, and the stylized predictive model, Attention-BiLSTM of attention mechanism based deep neural networks, to resolve the predicting hysteresis. The model versatility and comparability are investigated and testified by applying multiple prominent EWS models to bonds with different credit rating levels. The hybrid EWS also specifies the leading factors relating to the bond credit rating, that will practically instruct governors and market participants to focus on either the national economy associated or the corporate finance concerned factors according to the bond varying credit risks to make more effective predictions.
- Abiad and A.D. Guia. Early warning systems for currency crises: A Markov-switching approach. Hidden Markov Models in Finance. Springer US, 2007.Google Scholar
- A. Berg and C. Pattillo. Predicting currency crises: The indicators approach and an alternative. Journal of International Money and Finance, 18.4(1999):561--586.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Berg and B.C. Pattillo. Assessing Early Warning Systems: How Have They Worked in Practice? IMF Economic Review, 52.3(2005):462--502.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Demirguc-Kunt and E. Detragiache. The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries. IMF Economic Review, 45.1(1998):81--109.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Demirguc-Kunt and E. Detragiache. Monitoring Banking Sector Fragility: A Multivariate Logit Approach. The World Bank Economic Review, 14.2(2000):287--307.Google Scholar
- A.M. Fuertes and E. Kalotychou. Optimal design of early warning systems for sovereign debt crises. International Journal of Forecasting, 23.1(2007):85--100.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Nag, Ashok and A. Mitra. Neural networks and early warning indicators of currency crisis. Reserve Bank of India Occasional Papers, 20(1999): 183--222.Google Scholar
- B. Candelon, E.I. Dumitrescu and C. Hurlin. Currency crisis early warning systems: Why they should be dynamic. International Journal of Forecasting, 30.4(2014):1016--1029.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B. Candelon, E. I. Dumitrescu and C. Hurlin. How to Evaluate an Early-Warning System: Toward a Unified Statistical Framework for Assessing Financial Crises Forecasting Methods. IMF Economic Review, 60.1(2012):75--113.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B. Eichengreen and K. Andrew. Staying Afloat When the Wind Shifts: External Factors and Emerging-Market Banking Crises. Cepr Discussion Papers, 6370(1998).Google Scholar
- C.J. Kim. Dynamic Linear Model with Markov Switching. Journal of Econometrics, 60. 1-2(1991): 1--22.Google Scholar
- C.M. Kuan. Lecture on markov switching model. (2002)Google Scholar
- C.R. Harvey and R. E. Whaley. Market Volatility Prediction and the Efficiency of the S&P 100 Index Option Market. Journal of Financial Economics, 31.1(1992):43--73.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C.W. Granger and S. H. Poon. Forecasting Volatility in Financial Markets: A Review (Revised Edition). Social Science Electronic Publishing.Google Scholar
- D. Ardia, K. Bluteau, K. Boudt, L. Catania and D. Trottier, Markov-Switching GARCH Models in R: The MSGARCH Package (September 20, 2016). Journal of Statistical Software, 91.4(2019).Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Bahdanau, K. Cho and Y. Bengio, Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint (first version 2014), arXiv: 1409.0473.Google Scholar
- E.P. Davis and D. Karim. Comparing early warning systems for banking crises. Journal of Financial Stability, 4.2(2008):0--120.Google Scholar
- F. De Jong and J. Driessen. Liquidity Risk Premia in Corporate Bond Markets. Quarterly Journal of Finance, 02.02(2012): 1250006.Google Scholar
- G. Bekaert, Geert and A. Ang. Regime Switches in Interest Rates. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(2002): 163--182.Google ScholarCross Ref
- G. Kaminsky and L.C.M. Reinhart. Leading Indicators of Currency Crises. IMF Economic Review, 45.1(1998): 1--48.Google Scholar
- G. Kaminsky. Currency and Banking Crises: The Early Warnings of Distress. International Finance Discussion Papers, 99.178(1999).Google Scholar
- H. Yan and H. Ouyang, Financial time series prediction based on deep learning. Wireless Personal Communications, 102(2017): 1--18.Google Scholar
- H.Y. Kim and C. H. Won, Forecasting the volatility of stock price index: A hybrid model integrating LSTM with multiple GARCH-type models. Expert Systems with Applications, 103(2018):25--37.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J.A. Frankel and A.K. Rose. Currency crashes in emerging markets: an empirical treatment. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 41. 3-4(1996):351--366.Google Scholar
- J.D. Hamilton. A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle. Econometrica, 57.2(1989):357--384.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J.D. Hamilton. Time Series Analysis. Princeton University Press. 1994.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J.D. Hamilton and R. Susmel. Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and changes in regime. Journal of Econometrics, 64. 1-2(1994):307--333.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Fleming. The quality of market volatility forecasts implied by S&P 100 index option prices. Journal of Empirical Finance, 5.4(1998):317--345.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Gillette, D. Samuels and F. Zhou. The Role of Credit Rating Changes on Opacity in the Municipal Bond Market. Social Science Electronic Publishing (2018).Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Liu, Y. Chen, K. Liu, J. Zhao. Attention-Based Event Relevance Model for Stock Price Movement Prediction. In: Li J., Zhou M., Qi G., Lao N., Ruan T., Du J. (eds) Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing. Language, Knowledge, and Intelligence. CCKS 2017. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 784(2017). Springer, Singapore.Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Al-Thelaya, E. El-Alfy and A. Mohammed. Evaluation of bidirectional LSTM for short-and long-term stock market prediction. 9th ICICS conference paper (2018): 151--156.Google Scholar
- K.J. Oh, T.Y. Kim, and C. Kim. An early warning system for detection of financial crisis using financial market volatility. Expert Systems, 23.2(2006):83--98.Google ScholarCross Ref
- L. Chen and X. Zhao, Return Decomposition. Review of Financial Studies, (2008) Forthcoming.Google ScholarCross Ref
- L.M. Viceira, Bond risk, bond return volatility, and the term structure of interest rates. International Journal of Forecasting, 28.1(2012):97--117.Google ScholarCross Ref
- L. Wu and F. X. Zhang, A No-Arbitrage Analysis of Macroeconomic Determinants of the Credit Spread Term Structure. Manage. Sci. 54.6(2008): 1160--1175.Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Bussiere and M. Fratzscher. Towards a new early warning system of financial crises. Journal of International Money and Finance, 25.6(2006): 953--973.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Chamon, P. Manasse and A. Prati. Can We Predict the Next Capital Account Crisis? IMF Economic Review, 54.2(2007):270--305.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Dawood, N. Horsewood, and F. Strobel, Predicting sovereign debt crises: An Early Warning System approach. Journal of Financial Stability, 28(2017): 16--28.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Fioramanti. Predicting sovereign debt crises using artificial neural networks: A comparative approach. Journal of Financial Stability, 4.2(2008): 149--164.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Jordan. Chapter 25 - Serial Order: A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach, Advances in Psychology, 121(1997): 471--495.Google Scholar
- M.J. Hergott. How an lstm attention model views the 2013 bond market 'taper tantrum'. https://hergott.github.io/lstm-attention-bond-market-taper-tantrum/. Published on Jun. 23, 2018.Google Scholar
- M. Pedrosa and R. Roll. Systematic Risk in Corporate Bond Credit Spreads. The Journal of Fixed Income, 8.3(1998):7--26.Google Scholar
- M. Schuster and K. K. Paliwal. Bidirectional recurrent neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 45.11(1997):2673--2681.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Q. Liu, X. Cheng, S. Su and S. Zhu. Hierarchical Complementary Attention Network for Predicting Stock Price Movements with News. 27th ACM conference paper (2018): 1603--1606.Google Scholar
- R.A. Jarrow, D. Lando and S. M. Turnbull. A Markov Model for the Term Structure of Credit Risk Spreads. Review of Financial Studies, 10.2(1997):481--523.Google ScholarCross Ref
- R. Rusbinstein. The cross-entropy method for combinatorial and continuous optimization. Methodology & Computing in Applied Probability, 1(1999): 127--190.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Research Group and W. Branch. An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between China's Bond Credit Rating and Issuance Rates. Credit Reference (2013).Google Scholar
- S.G. Hall and D. K. Miles. Measuring Efficiency and Risk in the Major Bond Markets. Oxford Economic Papers, 44.4(1992):599--625.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Hochreiter and J. Schmidhuber. Long Short-Term Memory. Neural Computation, 9.8(1997): 1735--1780.Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Fischer and C. Krauss. Deep learning with long short-term memory networks for financial market predictions. European Journal of Operational Research, 270(2018):654--669.Google ScholarCross Ref
- W. Bühler and M. Gehde-Trapp. Time-Varying Credit Risk and Liquidity Premia in Bond and CDS Markets. EFA 2008 Athens Meetings Paper. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=101730 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1101730.Google ScholarCross Ref
- W. Li, C.C. Chen and J.J. French. Toward an early warning system of financial crises: What can index futures and options tell us? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 55(2015): 87--99.Google ScholarCross Ref
- W. M. Rand. Objective criteria for the evaluation of clustering methods. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 66(1971): 846--850.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Predicting Chinese Bond Market Turbulences: Attention-BiLSTM Based Early Warning System
Recommendations
Predicting stock market crisis via market indicators and mixed frequency investor sentiments
AbstractAt present, integrating investor sentiment into the prediction of stock market crisis has attracted more and more attention. However, the existing researches only considered the impact of the market indicators and the micro investor sentiment on ...
Highlights- Combine investor sentiment to predict stock market crisis.
- Construct the mixed frequency investor sentiments.
- Extensive experimental results verify the effectiveness of constructed sentiments.
Research on The Volatility Spillover Effect among Foreign Exchange Market Stock Market and Bond Market in China: Based on VS-MSV and CoVaR Models
ICITEE '19: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical EngineeringAccording to the weekly return data of Shanghai composite index, China securities exchange index (net price) and SDR exchange rate index from December 2015 to May 2019, this paper respectively used the VS-MSV model to test the volatility spillover ...
Stock Market, Exchange Rate and Chinese Money Demand
ISME '10: Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering - Volume 02The paper examines the long-term relationship among RMB exchange rate, stock market, interest rate, consumption, general real money balance and their dynamics from 2000 to 2009 by employing Johanson and SVAR methods. The result shows: exchange rate and ...
Comments