Roland Aigner
Andreas Pointner
Michael Haller
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present TexYZ, a method for rapid and effortless manufacturing of textile mutual capacitive sensors using a commodity embroidery machine. We use enameled wire as a bobbin thread to yield textile capacitors with high quality and consistency. As a consequence, we are able to leverage the precision and expressiveness of projected mutual capacitance for textile electronics, even when size is limited. Harnessing the assets of machine embroidery, we implement and analyze five distinct electrode patterns, examine the resulting electrical features with respect to geometrical attributes, and demonstrate the feasibility of two promising candidates for small-scale matrix layouts. The resulting sensor patches are further evaluated in terms of capacitance homogeneity, signal-to-noise ratio, sensing range, and washability. Finally, we demonstrate two use case scenarios, primarily focusing on continuous input with up to three degrees-of-freedom.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
- Atmel Corporation. 2009. Touch Sensors Design Guide (10620D-AT42-04/09). http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1504633.pdf.Google Scholar
- Gary Barrett and Ryomei Omote. 2010. Projected-capacitive touch technology. Information Display 26 (3 2010), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2637-496x.2010.tb00229.xGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Patrick Baudisch and Gerry Chu. 2009. Back-of-Device Interaction Allows Creating Very Small Touch Devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Boston, MA, USA) (CHI ’09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1923–1932. https://doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1518995Google ScholarDigital Library
- Feargal Cleary. 2019. Capacitive touch sensor design guide. http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/Appnotes/Capacitive-Touch-Sensor-Design-Guide-DS00002934-B.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Cypress Semiconductor Corporation. 2020. AN85951 – PSoC 4 and PSoC 6 MCU CapSense Design Guide. https://www.cypress.com/documentation/application-notes/an85951-psoc-4-and-psoc-6-mcu-capsense-design-guide.Google Scholar
- Maurin Donneaud, Cedric Honnet, and Paul Strohmeier. 2017. Designing a multi-touch eTextile for music performances. In 17th International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, NIME 2017, Cumhur Erkut (Ed.). nime.org, Copenhagen, Denmark, 7–12.Google Scholar
- Josue Ferri, Jose Lidón-Roger, Jorge Moreno, Gabriel Martinez, and Eduardo Garcia-Breijo. 2017. A Wearable Textile 2D Touchpad Sensor Based on Screen-Printing Technology. Materials 10, 12 (Dec 2017), 1450. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10121450Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jun Gong, Yu Wu, Lei Yan, Teddy Seyed, and Xing-Dong Yang. 2019. Tessutivo: Contextual Interactions on Interactive Fabrics with Inductive Sensing. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology(New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347897Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tobias Grosse-Puppendahl, Christian Holz, Gabe Cohn, Raphael Wimmer, Oskar Bechtold, Steve Hodges, Matthew S. Reynolds, and Joshua R. Smith. 2017. Finding Common Ground: A Survey of Capacitive Sensing in Human-Computer Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3293–3315. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025808Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nur Al-huda Hamdan, Simon Voelker, and Jan Borchers. 2018. Sketch & Stitch: Interactive Embroidery for E-Textiles. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173656Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chris Harrison and Scott E. Hudson. 2009. Abracadabra: Wireless, High-Precision, and Unpowered Finger Input for Very Small Mobile Devices. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Victoria, BC, Canada) (UIST ’09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 121–124. https://doi.org/10.1145/1622176.1622199Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Holleis, Albrecht Schmidt, Susanna Paasovaara, Arto Puikkonen, and Jonna Häkkilä. 2008. Evaluating Capacitive Touch Input on Clothes. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) (MobileHCI ’08). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1145/1409240.1409250Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xiaohui Hu and Wuqiang Yang. 2010. Planar capacitive sensors – Designs and applications. Sensor Review 30, 1 (2010), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/02602281011010772Google ScholarCross Ref
- John David Jackson. 1998. Classical Electrodynamics(3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, US.Google Scholar
- Thorsten Karrer, Moritz Wittenhagen, Florian Heller, and Jan Borchers. 2010. Pinstripe: Eyes-Free Continuous Input Anywhere on Interactive Clothing. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New York, New York, USA) (UIST ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 429–430. https://doi.org/10.1145/1866218.1866255Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anne Lamers, Evy Murraij, Elze Schers, and Armando Rodríguez Pérez. 2019. Layered Embroidery for Dynamic Aesthetics. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Wearable Computers (London, United Kingdom) (ISWC ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 302–305. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341163.3346942Google ScholarDigital Library
- Huy Viet Le, Sven Mayer, and Niels Henze. 2019. Investigating the Feasibility of Finger Identification on Capacitive Touchscreens Using Deep Learning. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (Marina del Ray, California) (IUI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 637–649. https://doi.org/10.1145/3301275.3302295Google ScholarDigital Library
- Torsten Linz, René Vieroth, Christian Dils, Mathias Koch, Tanja Braun, Karl Friedrich Becker, Christine Kallmayer, and Soon Min Hong. 2009. Embroidered Interconnections and Encapsulation for Electronics in Textiles for Wearable Electronics Applications. In Smart Textiles(Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 60). Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 85–94. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.60.85Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bob Lee Mackey. 2003. Sensor patterns for a capacitive sensing apparatus. Patent No. US-7129935-B2, Synaptics Inc.Google Scholar
- Marc Martinez-Estrada, Bahareh Moradi, Raúl Fernández-Garcia, and Ignacio Gil. 2018. Impact of manufacturing variability and washing on embroidery textile sensors. Sensors 18, 11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113824Google ScholarCross Ref
- Viktorija Mecnika, Melanie Hoerr, Ivars Krievins, Stefan Jockenhoevel, and Thomas Gries. 2015. Technical Embroidery for Smart Textiles: Review. Materials Science, Textile and Clothing Technology 9, 40(2015), 56. https://doi.org/10.7250/mstct.2014.009Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jan Meyer, Paul Lukowicz, and Gerhard Troster. 2006. Textile Pressure Sensor for Muscle Activity and Motion Detection. In 2006 10th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers. IEEE, 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWC.2006.286346Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sara Mlakar and Michael Haller. 2020. Design Investigation of Embroidered Interactive Elements on Non-Wearable Textile Interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376692Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Olwal, Jon Moeller, Greg Priest-Dorman, Thad Starner, and Ben Carroll. 2018. I/O Braid: Scalable Touch-Sensitive Lighted Cords Using Spiraling, Repeating Sensing Textiles and Fiber Optics. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Berlin, Germany) (UIST ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 485–497. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242638Google ScholarDigital Library
- Alex Olwal, Thad Starner, and Gowa Mainini. 2020. E-Textile Microinteractions: Augmenting Twist with Flick, Slide and Grasp Gestures for Soft Electronics. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376236Google ScholarDigital Library
- Timothy J. Orsley. 2010. Capacitive touchscreen or touchpad for finger and active stylus. Patent No. US-8278571-B2, Pixart Imaging Inc.Google Scholar
- Maggie Orth, Rehmi Post, and Emily Cooper. 1998. Fabric Computing Interfaces. In CHI 98 Conference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Los Angeles, California, USA) (CHI ’98). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 331–332. https://doi.org/10.1145/286498.286800Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maggie Orth, J. R. Smith, E. R. Post, J. A. Strickon, and E. B. Cooper. 1998. Musical Jacket. In ACM SIGGRAPH 98 Electronic Art and Animation Catalog (Orlando, Florida, USA) (SIGGRAPH ’98). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 38. https://doi.org/10.1145/281388.281456Google ScholarDigital Library
- Patrick Parzer, Florian Perteneder, Kathrin Probst, Christian Rendl, Joanne Leong, Sarah Schuetz, Anita Vogl, Reinhard Schwoediauer, Martin Kaltenbrunner, Siegfried Bauer, and Michael Haller. 2018. RESi: A Highly Flexible, Pressure-Sensitive, Imperceptible Textile Interface Based on Resistive Yarns. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Berlin, Germany) (UIST ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242664Google ScholarDigital Library
- Patrick Parzer, Adwait Sharma, Anita Vogl, Jürgen Steimle, Alex Olwal, and Michael Haller. 2017. SmartSleeve: Real-Time Sensing of Surface and Deformation Gestures on Flexible, Interactive Textiles, Using a Hybrid Gesture Detection Pipeline. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology(Québec City, QC, Canada) (UIST ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 565–577. https://doi.org/10.1145/3126594.3126652Google ScholarDigital Library
- E. R. Post, M. Orth, P. R. Russo, and N. Gershenfeld. 2000. E-broidery: Design and fabrication of textile-based computing. IBM Systems Journal 39, 3.4 (2000), 840–860. https://doi.org/10.1147/sj.393.0840Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ivan Poupyrev, Nan-Wei Gong, Shiho Fukuhara, Mustafa Emre Karagozler, Carsten Schwesig, and Karen E. Robinson. 2016. Project Jacquard: Interactive Digital Textiles at Scale. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4216–4227. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858176Google ScholarDigital Library
- Narjes Pourjafarian, Anusha Withana, Joseph A. Paradiso, and Jürgen Steimle. 2019. Multi-Touch Kit: A Do-It-Yourself Technique for Capacitive Multi-Touch Sensing Using a Commodity Microcontroller. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1071–1083. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347895Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Preindl, Cedric Honnet, Andreas Pointner, Roland Aigner, Joseph A. Paradiso, and Michael Haller. 2020. Sonoflex: Embroidered Speakers Without Permanent Magnets. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 675–685. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415888Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ilya Rosenberg and Ken Perlin. 2009. The UnMousePad: An Interpolating Multi-Touch Force-Sensing Input Pad. ACM Trans. Graph. 28, 3, Article 65 (July 2009), 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/1531326.1531371Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sigrid Rotzler, Christine Kallmayer, Christian Dils, Malte von Krshiwoblozki, Ulrich Bauer, and Martin Schneider-Ramelow. 2020. Improving the washability of smart textiles: influence of different washing conditions on textile integrated conductor tracks. The Journal of The Textile Institute 111, 12 (2020), 1766–1777. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1729056 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2020.1729056Google ScholarCross Ref
- Silvia Rus, Andreas Braun, Florian Kirchbuchner, and Arjan Kuijper. 2019. E-Textile Capacitive Electrodes: Fabric or Thread: Designing an E-Textile Cushion for Sitting Posture Detection. In Proceedings of the 12th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments(Rhodes, Greece) (PETRA ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 49–52. https://doi.org/10.1145/3316782.3316785Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. Scott Saponas, Chris Harrison, and Hrvoje Benko. 2011. PocketTouch: Through-Fabric Capacitive Touch Input. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Santa Barbara, California, USA) (UIST ’11). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 303–308. https://doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047235Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Sergio, N. Manaresi, M. Tartagni, R. Guerrieri, and R. Canegallo. 2002. A Textile Based Capacitive Pressure Sensor. In IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, 1625–1630. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSENS.2002.1037367Google ScholarCross Ref
- Adwait Sharma, Joan Sol Roo, and Jürgen Steimle. 2019. Grasping Microgestures: Eliciting Single-Hand Microgestures for Handheld Objects. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland UK) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300632Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gurashish Singh, Alexander Nelson, Ryan Robucci, Chintan Patel, and Nilanjan Banerjee. 2015. Inviz: Low-power personalized gesture recognition using wearable textile capacitive sensor arrays. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom). IEEE, St. Louis, MO, USA, 198–206. https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOM.2015.7146529Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paul Strohmeier, Victor Håkansson, Cedric Honnet, Daniel Ashbrook, and Kasper Hornbæk. 2019. Optimizing Pressure Matrices: Interdigitation and Interpolation Methods for Continuous Position Input. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Tempe, Arizona, USA) (TEI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1145/3294109.3295638Google ScholarDigital Library
- Paul Strohmeier, Jarrod Knibbe, Sebastian Boring, and Kasper Hornbæk. 2018. ZPatch: Hybrid Resistive/Capacitive ETextile Input. In Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (Stockholm, Sweden) (TEI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173225.3173242Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. Wijesiriwardana, K. Mitcham, W. Hurley, and T. Dias. 2005. Capacitive fiber-meshed transducers for touch and proximity-sensing applications. IEEE Sensors Journal 5, 5 (2005), 989–994. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2005.844327Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jacob O. Wobbrock, Andrew D. Wilson, and Yang Li. 2007. Gestures without Libraries, Toolkits or Training: A $1 Recognizer for User Interface Prototypes. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Newport, Rhode Island, USA) (UIST ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1145/1294211.1294238Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- TexYZ: Embroidering Enameled Wires for Three Degree-of-Freedom Mutual Capacitive Sensing
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
Embroidered Resistive Pressure Sensors: A Novel Approach for Textile Interfaces
CHI '20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsWe present a novel method for augmenting arbitrary fabrics with textile-based pressure sensors using an off-the-shelf embroidery machine. We apply resistive textiles and conductive yarns on top of a base fabric, to yield a flexible and versatile ...
Single-capacitor active-feedback compensation for small-capacitive-load three-stage amplifiers
This brief presents a single-capacitor active-feedback compensation (SCAFC) scheme for three-stage internal amplifiers driving small capacitive loads. The proposed SCAFC scheme can stabilize the three-stage amplifier by using only a single small-value ...
Embedded capacitor multiplier gain boosting compensation for large-capacitive-load three-stage amplifier with slew rate enhancement
An embedded capacitor multiplier gain boosting compensation (ECMGBC) technique with slew rate enhancement circuit is presented in this paper for a three-stage amplifier. The ECMGBC technique pushes the non-dominant complex poles of the amplifier to high ...
Comments