skip to main content
10.1145/3417990.3419226acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmodelsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Validity frame concept as effort-cutting technique within the verification and validation of complex cyber-physical systems

Published: 26 October 2020 Publication History

Abstract

The increasing performance demands and certification needs of complex cyber-physical systems (CPS) raise the complexity of the engineering process, not only within the development phase, but also in the Verification and Validation (V&V) phase. A proven technique to handle the complexity of CPSs is Model-Based Design (MBD). Nevertheless, the verification and validation of complex CPSs is still an exhaustive process and the usability of the models to front-load V&V activities heavily depends on the knowledge of the models and the correctness of the conducted virtual experiments. In this paper, we explore how the effort (and cost) of the V&V phase of the engineering process of complex CPSs can be reduced by enhancing the knowledge about the system components, and explicitly capturing it within their corresponding validity frame. This effort reduction originates from exploiting the captured system knowledge to generate efficient V&V processes and by automating activities at different model life stages, such as the setup and execution of boundary-value or fault-injection tests. This will be discussed in the context of a complex CPS: a safety-critical adaptive cruise control system.

References

[1]
Jean Arlat, Yves Crouzet, Johan Karlsson, Peter Folkesson, Emmerich Fuchs, and Günther H Leber. 2003. Comparison of physical and software-implemented fault injection techniques. IEEE Trans. Comput. 52, 9 (2003), 1115--1133.
[2]
Barry W Boehm. 1984. Software engineering economics. IEEE transactions on Software Engineering 1 (1984), 4--21.
[3]
Christopher Brooks, Chih-Hong Cheng, Thomas Huining Feng, Edward A Lee, and Reinhard Von Hanxleden. 2008. Model engineering using multimodeling. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Model Co-Evolution and Consistency Management (MCCM'08).
[4]
Domenico Cotroneo and Roberto Natella. 2013. Fault injection for software certification. IEEE Security & Privacy 11, 4 (2013), 38--45.
[5]
Joachim Denil, Stefan Klikovits, Pieter J Mosterman, Antonio Vallecillo, and Hans Vangheluwe. 2017. The experiment model and validity frame in M&S. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Theory of Modeling & Simulation. 1--12.
[6]
Christian Dietrich, Achim Schmider, Oskar Pusz, Guillermo Payá Vayá, and Daniel Lohmann. 2018. Cross-Layer Fault-Space Pruning for Hardware-Assisted Fault Injection. In 2018 55th ACM/ESDA/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC). 1--6.
[7]
Sanford Friedenthal, Regina Griego, and Mark Sampson. 2007. INCOSE model based systems engineering (MBSE) initiative. In INCOSE 2007 symposium, Vol. 11.
[8]
Lex Heerink and Ed Brinksma. 1995. Validation in context. In International Conference on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification. Springer, 221--236.
[9]
Bingchiang Jeng and Elaine J Weyuker. 1994. A simplified domain-testing strategy. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) 3, 3 (1994), 254--270.
[10]
Edward A. Lee. 2008. Cyber Physical Systems: Design Challenges. In 2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC) (00, Vol. 3), Reginald N. Smythe and Alexander Noble (Eds.). IEEE, 363--369.
[11]
Edward A Lee. 2017. Plato and the Nerd: The Creative Partnership of Humans and Technology. MIT Press.
[12]
David Q Mayne, James B Rawlings, Christopher V Rao, and Pierre OM Scokaert. 2000. Constrained model predictive control: Stability and optimality. Automatica 36, 6 (2000), 789--814.
[13]
Xiankai Meng, Qingping Tan, Zeming Shao, Nan Zhang, Jianjun Xu, and Haoyu Zhang. 2018. Optimization methods for the fault injection tool SEInjector. In 2018 International Conference on Information and Computer Technologies (ICICT). 31--35.
[14]
Mehrdad Moradi, Cláudio Gomes, Bentley James Oakes, and Joachim Denil. 2019. Optimizing Fault Injection in FMI Co-Simulation through Sensitivity Partitioning. In Proceedings of the 2019 Summer Simulation Conference (Berlin, Germany) (SummerSim âĂŹ19). Society for Computer Simulation International, San Diego, CA, USA, Article 32, 12 pages.
[15]
Mehrdad Moradi, Bentley James Oakes, Mustafa Saraoglu, Andrey Morozov, Klaus Janschek, and Joachim Denil. 2020. Exploring Fault Parameter Space Using Reinforcement Learning-based Fault Injection. In 2020 50th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshops (DSN-W). 102--109.
[16]
Mehrdad Moradi, Bert Van Acker, Ken Vanherpen, and Joachim Denil. 2019. Model-Implemented Hybrid Fault Injection for Simulink (Tool Demonstrations). In Cyber Physical Systems. Model-Based Design, Roger Chamberlain, Walid Taha, and Martin Törngren (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 71--90.
[17]
Peter Mosterman. 2007. Model-Based Design of Embedded Systems. In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education (MSE'07). 3--3.
[18]
Glenford J Myers, Corey Sandler, and Tom Badgett. 2011. The art of software testing. John Wiley & Sons.
[19]
Rakesh Rana, Miroslaw Staron, Christian Berger, Jörgen Hansson, Martin Nilsson, and Fredrik Törner. 2013. Increasing Efficiency of ISO 26262 Verification and Validation by Combining Fault Injection and Mutation Testing with Model based Development. ICSOFT 2013 (2013), 251--257.
[20]
Artur Schmidt, Umut Durak, and Thorsten Pawletta. 2016. Model-based testing methodology using system entity structures for MATLAB/Simulink models. SIMULATION 92, 8 (2016), 729--746.
[21]
Mamadou K. Traore and Alexandre Muzy. 2006. Capturing the dual relationship between simulation models and their context. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Volume 14, Issue 2 (2006), Pages 126--142.
[22]
FW Vaandrager. 2006. Does it Pay Off? Model-Based Verification and Validation of Embedded Systems! PROGRESS White papers 2006 (2006), 43--66.
[23]
Bert Van Acker, Paul De Meulenaere, Joachim Denil, Yuri Durodie, Alexander Van Bellinghen, and Kris Vanstechelman. 2019. Valid (Re-)Use of Models-of-the-Physics in Cyber-Physical Systems Using Validity Frames. In 2019 Spring Simulation Conference (SpringSim). IEEE, 1--12.
[24]
Bert Van Acker, Joachim Denil, Paul De Meulenaere, Bjorn Aelvoet, Dries Mahieu, and Jan Van Den Oudenhoven. 2018. Generation of test strategies for Model-based Functional Safety testing using an Artifact-centric approach. In Proceedings of MODELS 2018 Workshops Copenhagen, Denmark, October, 14, 2018/Hebig, Regina [edit.]. 563--569.
[25]
Simon Van Mierlo, Bentley James Oakes, Bert Van Acker, Raheleh Eslampanah, Joachim Denil, and Hans Vangheluwe. 2020. Exploring Validity Frames in Practice. http://msdl.cs.mcgill.ca/people/bentley/research/VanMierlo2020.pdf. Proceedings of International Conference on Systems Modelling and Management (ICSMM (2020). Accepted.
[26]
Bernard P Zeigler, Tag Gon Kim, and Herbert Praehofer. 2000. Theory of modeling and simulation. Academic press.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Towards Continuous Verification and Validation of Multi-Domain System Designs2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C)10.1109/MODELS-C59198.2023.00086(495-499)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2023
  • (2022)Validation and uncertainty in model-based design space explorationProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings10.1145/3550356.3561581(702-711)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2022
  • (2021)The Digital Twin as a Common Knowledge Base in DevOps to Support Continuous System EvolutionComputer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2021 Workshops10.1007/978-3-030-83906-2_12(158-170)Online publication date: 7-Sep-2021

Index Terms

  1. Validity frame concept as effort-cutting technique within the verification and validation of complex cyber-physical systems

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      MODELS '20: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings
      October 2020
      713 pages
      ISBN:9781450381352
      DOI:10.1145/3417990
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Sponsors

      In-Cooperation

      • IEEE CS

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 26 October 2020

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      • Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (VLAIO)

      Conference

      MODELS '20
      Sponsor:

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 144 of 506 submissions, 28%

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)21
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2
      Reflects downloads up to 02 Mar 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2023)Towards Continuous Verification and Validation of Multi-Domain System Designs2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C)10.1109/MODELS-C59198.2023.00086(495-499)Online publication date: 1-Oct-2023
      • (2022)Validation and uncertainty in model-based design space explorationProceedings of the 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings10.1145/3550356.3561581(702-711)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2022
      • (2021)The Digital Twin as a Common Knowledge Base in DevOps to Support Continuous System EvolutionComputer Safety, Reliability, and Security. SAFECOMP 2021 Workshops10.1007/978-3-030-83906-2_12(158-170)Online publication date: 7-Sep-2021

      View Options

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media