Madiha Haider Syed
Zain Ul Abadin
ABSTRACT
Fuel consumption and road throughput are the foremost problems faced by the transportation industry. The cost of fuel is a large share of total transportation costs. Vehicle platooning offers a solution to this problem. Vehicle platoon is a group of vehicles that acts as a single unit through coordinated movements on the road. Vehicles in a platoon travel together closely and face low aerodynamic drag. This leads to less fuel-consumption and optimizes the amount of space used by the vehicles on a highway thereby, offers great potential to maximize the highway throughput. In this paper we present an architectural design pattern for the vehicle platoon which gives a holistic view of the platooning system. First, we explain the problems faced by autonomous vehicles. It is followed by the architecture of the system. All the scenarios in which the platooning system can be used are represented as use cases of the system. We explain three basic use cases of the platooning system in this paper. Consequences section describes how this architectural pattern for platooning helps to solve the problems of the transportation industry.
- OECD. 2014. Highlights of the International Transport Forum 2013: Funding Transport: Session Summaries. OECD Publishing, Paris. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/itf_highlights-2013-en.Google Scholar
- M. Schitttler. 2003. State-of-the-Art and Emerging Truck Engine Technologies for Optimized Performance, Emission and Life Cycle Costs, DaimlerChrysler AG (US), Stuttgart, Germany, 2003.Google Scholar
- Alberto Bull. 2004. Traffic congestion: The problem and how to deal with it. (LC/G.2199-P). Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.Google Scholar
- Xhafer Krasniqi and Edmond Hajrizi. 2016. Use of IoT Technology to Drive the Automotive Industry from Connected to Full Autonomous Vehicles. IFAC-PapersOnLine, Volume 49, Issue 29, 2016. Pages 269--274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.078.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sebastian Thrun. 2010. Toward robotic cars. Communications of the ACM, April 2010, Vol. 53 No. 4, Pages 99--106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1721654.172167Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mario Gerla and Eun-Kyu Lee. 2016. Internet of vehicles: From intelligent grid to autonomous cars and vehicular clouds. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. September 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147716665500Google Scholar
- A. Darwish and Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar. 2018. Fog Based Intelligent Transportation Big Data Analytics in The Internet of Vehicles Environment: Motivations, Architecture, Challenges and Critical Issues. IEEE Access March 2018 PP (99):1-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2815989Google Scholar
- Crunchbase. 2018. Peloton Technology. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/peloton-technologyGoogle Scholar
- Rolf Lockwood. 2016. Truck Platooning, Past, Present, and Future. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.truckinginfo.com/156677/truck-platooning-past-present-and-futureGoogle Scholar
- Jiafa Liu, Di Ma and André Weimerskirch. 2016. Secure and Safe Automated Vehicle Platooning.Google Scholar
- D. Jia, K. Lu, J. Wang, X. Zhang and X. Shen. 2016. A Survey on Platoon-Based Vehicular Cyber-Physical Systems. In IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 263--284. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2410831Google ScholarDigital Library
- F. Buschmann, R. Meunier, H. Rohnert, P. Sommerlad, and M. Stal. 1996. Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture (Volume 1: A System of Patterns) Wiley Publishing.Google Scholar
- E. B. Fernandez, N. Yoshioka and H. Washizaki. 2015. Patterns for Security and Privacy in Cloud Ecosystems. In 2nd International Workshop on Evolving Security and Privacy Requirements Engineering (ESPRE 2015). https://doi. org/10.1109/ESPRE. 2015.7330162Google Scholar
- Giovanni Nardini and Antonio Virdis. 2018. Cellular-V2X Communications for Platooning: Design and Evaluation. Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051527Google Scholar
- Meng Wang and Sander van Maarseveen. 2019. Benefits and Risks of Truck Platooning on Freeway Operations Near Entrance Ramp. Transportation Research Record, 2673(8), 588--602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842821Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Halle, J. Laumonier, and B. Chaib-Draa. 2004. A decentralized approach to collaborative driving coordination. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems In proceedings of the 7th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8749) https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2004.1398942Google Scholar
- M. Amoozadeh, A. Raghuramu, C. N. Chuah, D. Ghosal and K. Levitt. 2015. Security vulnerabilities of connected vehicle streams and their impact on cooperative driving. IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 126--132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7120028Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hu Hao, Lu Rongxing, Huang Cheng and Zhang Zonghua. 2016. TripSense: A Trust-Based Vehicular Platoon Crowdsensing Scheme with Privacy Preservation in VANETs. Sensors 2016, 16(6), 803 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060803Google Scholar
- Ben-Jye Chang, Yueh-Lin Tsai, and Ying-Hsin Liang. 2017. Platoon-Based Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control for Achieving Active Safe Driving Through Mobile Vehicular Cloud Computing. Wireless Personal Communications volume 97, pages5455-5481(2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4789-8.Google ScholarDigital Library
- D. Su and Sanghyun Ahn. 2017. In-vehicle sensor-assisted platoon formation by utilizing vehicular communications. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. July 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717718756Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mani Amoozadeh, Hui Deng, Chen-Nee Chuah. 2015. Platoon management with cooperative adaptive cruise control enabled by VANET. Vehicular Communications. Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN 2214-2096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2015.03.004Google Scholar
- Peloton. 2016. How truck platooning works-peloton technologies. Retrieved April 02, 2020 from https://peloton-tech.com/how-it-works/Google Scholar
- Pedro Fernandes and Urbano J. Nunes. 2012. Platooning with DSRC-based IVC-enabled autonomous vehicles: Adding infrared communications for IVC reliability improvement. Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2012 IEEE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2012.6232206Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jon Thomson. 2016. ISUZU AND HINO FALL INTO LINE WITH PLATOONING. Retrieved February 25, 2020 from https://www.truckandbus.net.au/isuzu-and-hino-fall-into-line-with-platooning/.Google Scholar
- G. Jentzsch. 2019. Platooning in the logistics industry: Researchers see great potential in real operations after tests. Retrieved February 25, 2020 from https://www.truck.man.eu/de/en/man-world/man-in-germany/press-and-media/Platooning-in-the-logistics-industry_-Researchers-see-great-potential-in-real-operations-after-tests-372998.html.Google Scholar
- Edwin Lopez. 2019. Daimler: There is 'no business case' for truck platooning. Retrieved February 25, 2020 from https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/Daimler-platooning-automated-truck-CES/545524/Google Scholar
- Raghav Anand. 2018. California Partners for Advanced Transportation Technology. Retrieved February 25, 2020 from https://path.berkeley.edu/research/connected-and-automated-vehicles/truck-platooningGoogle Scholar
- Scania writers. 2018. Platooning automated driving for fuel saving. Retrieved February 25, 2020 from https://www.scania.com/group/en/platooning-automated-driving-for-fuel-savings/Google Scholar
- Michael L. Nelson. 1999. A design pattern for autonomous vehicle software control architectures. In Proceedings 23 Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (Cat.No.99CB37032) https://doi.org/10.1109/CMPSAC.1999.812696.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Sahu, E. B. Fernandez, Mihaela Cardei, and Michael Vanhilst. 2010. A pattern for a sensor node. In Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLOP '10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 7, 1--7. https://doi. org/10.1145/2493288.2493295Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Nabih, D. Nicholas and T. Kemal. 2012. New combined WiMAX/DSRC infrastructure design for efficient vehicular networking. vehicular networking. J Wireless Com Network 2012, 264 (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-1499-2012-264.Google Scholar
- E. B. Fernandez. 2013. Security Patterns in Practice: Designing Secure Architectures Using Software patterns. (ISBN-13: 978-1119998945). J. Wiley Sons.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A Pattern for Autonomous Vehicle Platoon
Recommendations
A Predictive Framework for Dynamic Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platoon Coordination
Special Issue on Transportation CPSThis article describes a system to facilitate dynamic en route formation of heavy-duty vehicle platoons with the goal of reducing fuel consumption. Safe vehicle platooning is a maturing technology that leverages modern sensor, control, and communication ...
Quick and Autonomous Platoon Maintenance in Vehicle Dynamics For Distributed Vehicle Platoon Networks
IoTDI '17: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet-of-Things Design and ImplementationPlatoon systems, as a type of adaptive cruise control systems, will play a significant role to improve travel experience and roadway safety. The stability of a platoon system is crucial so that each vehicle maintains a safety distance from its ...
The Exploration of Autonomous Vehicle Driving Styles: Preferred Longitudinal, Lateral, and Vertical Accelerations
Automotive'UI 16: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular ApplicationsThis paper describes a new approach in exploring preferred driving styles for autonomous vehicles through simulation of autonomous driving in real road conditions. A Wizard experiment with an equipped car was conducted to investigate the preferences of ...
Comments