skip to main content
10.1145/3441852.3471203acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesassetsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Investigating the Navigational Habits of People who are Blind in India

Published: 17 October 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Assistive navigational technologies offer considerable promise to people who are blind. However, uptake of these technologies has traditionally been lower in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where levels of investment and maintenance in infrastructure differ from upper middle (UMICs) and high income countries (HICs). In this paper, we describe a qualitative study undertaken with 14 people who identify as legally-blind in an LMIC (India) to understand their experiences and strategies used when navigating within a metropolitan area. We highlight a set of scenarios impacting people who are blind within the context studied. These include crossing busy highways, navigating in the rainy season, collaborating with others to navigate at night, and using older public transportation. Our work brings attention to areas where the latest successful and well-publicized innovations in blind navigation may fall short when used in an Indian metropolitan area. We suggest that designers should be cognizant of the role that infrastructure (particularly its shortcomings) and environmental factors may play when navigating in LMICs such as India, with a view to designing assistive navigational technologies to better match the needs of users within these contexts.

Supplementary Material

VTT File (9493.vtt)
MP4 File (9493.mp4)
Presentation video

References

[1]
Ali Abdolrahmani, Ravi Kuber, and Amy Hurst. 2016. An empirical investigation of the situationally-induced impairments experienced by blind mobile device users. In Proceedings of the 13th International Web for All Conference, ACM, New York, NY, USA.
[2]
Dragan Ahmetovic, Roberto Manduchi, James M. Coughlan, and Sergio Mascetti. 2015. Zebra crossing spotter: Automatic population of spatial databases for increased safety of blind travelers. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 251–258.
[3]
Mai A. Al-Ammar, Hend S. Al-Khalifa, and Abdulmalik S. Al-Salman. 2011. A proposed indoor navigation system for blind individuals. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services - iiWAS ’11, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[4]
Shiri Azenkot, Sanjana Prasain, Alan Borning, Emily Fortuna, Richard E. Ladner, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2011. Enhancing independence and safety for blind and deaf-blind public transit riders. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’11, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[5]
Stacy M. Branham, Ali Abdolrahmani, William Easley, Morgan Scheuerman, Erick Ronquillo, and Amy Hurst. 2017. Is someone there? Do they have a gun. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ACM, New York, NY, USA.
[6]
Beula Christy and Praveen K. Nirmalan. 2006. Research reports: Acceptance of the long cane by persons who are blind in south India. J. Vis. Impair. Blind. 100, 2 (February 2006), 115–119.
[7]
Paulo Costa, Hugo Fernandes, Joao Barroso, Hugo Paredes, and Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis. 2016. Obstacle detection and avoidance module for the blind. In 2016 World Automation Congress (WAC), IEEE.
[8]
Department for International Development. 2019. Scoping research report on assistive technology - on the road for universal assistive technology coverage. Retrieved June 30, 2021 from https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/scoping-research-report-on-assistive-technology-on-the-road-for-universal-assistive-technology-coverage
[9]
Julie Ducasse, Anke M. Brock, and Christophe Jouffrais. 2018. Accessible interactive maps for visually impaired users. In Mobility of Visually Impaired People. Springer International Publishing, 537–584.
[10]
Brian Ferris, Kari Watkins, and Alan Borning. 2010. OneBusAway. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’10, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[11]
Jon E. Froehlich, Anke M. Brock, Anat Caspi, João Guerreiro, Kotaro Hara, Reuben Kirkham, Johannes Schöning, and Benjamin Tannert. 2019. Grand challenges in accessible maps. Interactions 26, 2 (February 2019), 78–81.
[12]
Nicholas A. Giudice, Benjamin A. Guenther, Toni M. Kaplan, Shane M. Anderson, Robert J. Knuesel, and Joseph F. Cioffi. 2020. Use of an indoor navigation system by sighted and blind travelers. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 13, 3 (August 2020), 1–27.
[13]
Nicholas A. Giudice and Gordon E. Legge. 2008. Blind navigation and the role of technology. In The Engineering Handbook of Smart Technology for Aging, Disability, and Independence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 479–500.
[14]
Maya Gupta, Ali Abdolrahmani, Emory Edwards, Mayra Cortez, Andrew Tumang, Yasmin Majali, Marc Lazaga, Samhitha Tarra, Prasad Patil, Ravi Kuber, and Stacy M. Branham. 2020. Towards more universal wayfinding technologies: Navigation preferences across disabilities. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA.
[15]
Santoshi Halder and Poulomee Datta. 2012. An exploration into self concept: A comparative analysis between the adolescents who are sighted and blind in India. Br. J. Vis. Impair. 30, 1 (January 2012), 31–41.
[16]
Giles Hamilton-Fletcher, Marianna Obrist, Phil Watten, Michele Mengucci, and Jamie Ward. 2016. I always wanted to see the night sky. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2162–2174.
[17]
Kotaro Hara, Shiri Azenkot, Megan Campbell, Cynthia L. Bennett, Vicki Le, Sean Pannella, Robert Moore, Kelly Minckler, Rochelle H. Ng, and Jon E. Froehlich. 2015. Improving public transit accessibility for blind riders by crowdsourcing bus stop landmark locations with Google Street View: An extended analysis. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 6, 2 (March 2015), 1–23.
[18]
Kotaro Hara and Jon E. Froehlich. 2015. Characterizing and visualizing physical world accessibility at scale using crowdsourcing, computer vision, and machine learning. ACM SIGACCESS access. comput. 113 (November 2015), 13–21.
[19]
Julia Hertel, Armin Schaare, Philipp Feuerbach, Oscar Ariza, and Frank Steinicke. 2019. STIC - sensory and tactile improved cane. In Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019 on - MuC’19, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA.
[20]
Lilly Irani, Janet Vertesi, Paul Dourish, Kavita Philip, and Rebecca E. Grinter. 2010. Postcolonial computing. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’10, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[21]
William Henry Jacobson. 1993. The art and science of teaching orientation and mobility to persons with visual impairments. American Foundation for the Blind.
[22]
Christopher J. Johnstone, Sandhya Limaye, and Misa Kayama. 2017. Disability, culture, and identity in India and USA. In Inclusion, Disability and Culture. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 15–29.
[23]
Jin Sun Ju, Eunjeong Ko, and Eun Yi Kim. 2009. EYECane: navigating with camera embedded white cane for visually impaired person. In Proceedings of the Eleventh International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility - ASSETS ’09, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 237–238.
[24]
Vaishnav Kameswaran, Jatin Gupta, Joyojeet Pal, Sile O'Modhrain, Tiffany C. Veinot, Robin Brewer, Aakanksha Parameshwar, Vidhya, and Jacki O'Neill. 2018. We can go anywhere. Proc. ACM Hum. Comput. Interact. 2, CSCW (November 2018), 1–24.
[25]
Abha Khetarpal. 2014. Information and communication technology (ICT) and disability. Rev. Mark. Integr. 6, 1 (April 2014), 96–113.
[26]
Lynn Kirabo, Elizabeth Jeanne Carter, Devon Barry, and Aaron Steinfeld. 2021. Priorities, technology, & power: Co-designing an inclusive transit agenda in Kampala, Uganda. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, NY, USA.
[27]
Roberto Manduchi and Sri Kurniawan. 2011. Mobility-related accidents experienced by people with visual impairment. Insight Research and Practice in Visual Impairment and Blindness 4, 2 (2011), 44–54. Retrieved from https://aerbvi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/insight-04-02-complete_Spring-2011.pdf#page=10
[28]
Jennifer Mankoff, Gillian R. Hayes, and Devva Kasnitz. 2010. Disability studies as a source of critical inquiry for the field of assistive technology. In Proceedings of the 12th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility - ASSETS ’10, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[29]
Rebecca Matter, Mark Harniss, Tone Oderud, Johan Borg, and Arne H. Eide. 2017. Assistive technology in resource-limited environments: a scoping review. Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. 12, 2 (February 2017), 105–114.
[30]
Dheeraj Mehra, Deepak Gupta, Neil Shah, Piyush Chanana, Rohan Paul, and P. Rao. 2015. Bus identification system for the visually impaired: Evaluation and learning from pilot trials on public buses in Delhi. Retrieved June 30, 2021 from https://assistech.iitd.ac.in/onboard.php#publication
[31]
Joyojeet Pal and Meera Lakshmanan. 2015. Mobile devices and weak ties: a study of vision impairments and workplace access in Bangalore. Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol. 10, 4 (July 2015), 323–331.
[32]
John Pucher, Nisha Korattyswaropam, Neha Mittal, and Neenu Ittyerah. 2005. Urban transport crisis in India. Transp. Policy (Oxf.) 12, 3 (May 2005), 185–198.
[33]
Pablo-Alejandro Quinones, Tammy Greene, Rayoung Yang, and Mark Newman. 2011. Supporting visually impaired navigation. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA ’11, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA.
[34]
Lisa Ran, Sumi Helal, and Steve Moore. 2004. Drishti: an integrated indoor/outdoor blind navigation system and service. In Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, IEEE.
[35]
Julie Rozenberg and Marianne Fay. 2019. Beyond the gap: How countries can afford the infrastructure they need while protecting the planet. The World Bank.
[36]
Andrew Sears and Vicki Hanson. 2011. Representing users in accessibility research. In Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’11, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 2235–2238.
[37]
Michele A. Williams, Caroline Galbraith, Shaun K. Kane, and Amy Hurst. 2014. Just let the cane hit it. In Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS ’14, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[38]
Michele A. Williams, Amy Hurst, and Shaun K. Kane. 2013. Pray before you step out. In Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility - ASSETS ’13, ACM Press, New York, NY, USA.
[39]
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. Retrieved June 30, 2021 from https://legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/rights-persons-disabilities-act-2016
[40]
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Retrieved June 30, 2021 from https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08mark.htm

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Help and The Social Construction of Access: A Case-Study from IndiaProceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3663548.3675606(1-12)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
  • (2024)Enhancing Communication Equity: Evaluation of an Automated Speech Recognition Application in GhanaProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3641903(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
  • (2023)Exploring the User Experience of an AI-based Smartphone Navigation Assistant for People with Visual ImpairmentsProceedings of the 15th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter10.1145/3605390.3605421(1-8)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Investigating the Navigational Habits of People who are Blind in India
          Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image ACM Conferences
          ASSETS '21: Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
          October 2021
          730 pages
          ISBN:9781450383066
          DOI:10.1145/3441852
          Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

          Sponsors

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Publication History

          Published: 17 October 2021

          Permissions

          Request permissions for this article.

          Check for updates

          Author Tags

          1. Accessibility
          2. Assistive technologies
          3. Blind
          4. India
          5. Navigation
          6. Visual Impairment

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article
          • Research
          • Refereed limited

          Conference

          ASSETS '21
          Sponsor:

          Acceptance Rates

          ASSETS '21 Paper Acceptance Rate 36 of 134 submissions, 27%;
          Overall Acceptance Rate 436 of 1,556 submissions, 28%

          Upcoming Conference

          ASSETS '25

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)51
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11
          Reflects downloads up to 27 Feb 2025

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all
          • (2024)Help and The Social Construction of Access: A Case-Study from IndiaProceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3663548.3675606(1-12)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
          • (2024)Enhancing Communication Equity: Evaluation of an Automated Speech Recognition Application in GhanaProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3641903(1-16)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
          • (2023)Exploring the User Experience of an AI-based Smartphone Navigation Assistant for People with Visual ImpairmentsProceedings of the 15th Biannual Conference of the Italian SIGCHI Chapter10.1145/3605390.3605421(1-8)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2023
          • (2023)Mobility Assistance for the Visually Impaired in Unstructured Environment2023 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI)10.1109/SOLI60636.2023.10425228(1-8)Online publication date: 11-Dec-2023
          • (2023)A Survey on Outdoor Navigation Applications for People With Visual ImpairmentsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2023.324407311(14647-14666)Online publication date: 2023
          • (2023)Mind Your Step: A Diary Study of a Person with Visual Impairment Navigating a City with a Smart CaneICT for Health, Accessibility and Wellbeing10.1007/978-3-031-29548-5_3(34-48)Online publication date: 30-Mar-2023

          View Options

          Login options

          View options

          PDF

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader

          HTML Format

          View this article in HTML Format.

          HTML Format

          Figures

          Tables

          Media

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media