skip to main content
10.1145/3446002.3446053acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesaciConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Monitoring the Welfare of Bears in Captivity

Authors Info & Claims
Published:24 March 2021Publication History

ABSTRACT

Humans and bears have shared a tenuous relationship, typically to the detriment of bears' welfare. Today, sanctuaries housing rescued 'tamed' bears aim to provide appropriate lodging, nutrition and medical care. However, the practicality and oversight of these facilities are dependent on sanctuaries' human and financial resources. This project aims to suggest possible technological enrichment and monitoring solutions for captive bears to allow early detection of stress signals and observe their comfort, body condition, and overall well-being. We validate these solutions through feedback and brainstorming sessions with experts in animal behaviour, animal-computer interaction, and designers for animal enrichment. Furthermore, we propose methods for the future and usage of this behavioural data collection to better understand the bears' way of life and needs, thereby improving the general knowledge about bear behaviour.

References

  1. Erika Bauer, Mindy Babitz, Nancy Boedeker, and Heidi Hellmuth. 2013. Approaches to understanding and managing pacing in sloth bears in a zoological setting. International Journal of Comparative Psychology 26, 1 (2013), 53--74.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Sabrina Brando and Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith. 2018. The 24/7 approach to promoting optimal welfare for captive wild animals. Behavioural Processes 156 (2018), 83--95.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Elisabetta Canali and Linda Keeling. 2018. Welfare Quality® project: from scientific research to on farm assessment of animal welfare. Italian Journal of Animal Science 8, sup2 (2018), 900--903.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. North American Bear Center. 2020. North American Bear Center | Northwood Ecology Hall - Bear Enclosure Map. https://bear.org/visit-us/bear-enclosure-map/. (2020). Accessed: 2020-11-06.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Charline Couchoux, Maxime Aubert, Dany Garant, and Denis Réale. 2015. Spying on small wildlife sounds using affordable collar-mounted miniature microphones: an innovative method to record individual daylong vocalisations in chipmunks. Scientific reports 5 (2015), 10118.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Giverny Forbes, Brian Crudge, Kate Lewis, Kirtsy Officer, and Kris Descovich. 2020. An Observational Study of the Behaviour of Captive Rehabilitant Sun Bears (Helarctos malayanus). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (2020), 1--14.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. William Gaver. 2012. What should we expect from research through design?. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 937--946.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Agnieszka Gruszczyńska, Robert Maślak, and Agnieszka Sergiel. 2014. The Welfare of Animals in Zoos and EU Legal Standards. Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. John Leslie Hotson. 1925. Bear Gardens and Bear-Baiting during the Commonwealth. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1925), 276--288.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  10. Jihyoung Lee, Kenta Matsumura, Ken-ichi Yamakoshi, Peter Rolfe, Shinobu Tanaka, and Takehiro Yamakoshi. 2013. Comparison between red, green and blue light reflection photoplethysmography for heart rate monitoring during motion. In 2013 35th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society (EMBC). IEEE, 1724--1727.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Kati I Loeffler, Jill Robinson, and Gail M Cochrane. 2009. Compromised health and welfare of bears farmed for bile in China. Animal Welfare 18, 3 (2009), 225--235.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Bryan J Macbeth, Marc RL Cattet, Gordon B Stenhouse, Mike L Gibeau, and David M Janz. 2010. Hair cortisol concentration as a noninvasive measure of long-term stress in free-ranging grizzly bears (Ursus arctos): considerations with implications for other wildlife. Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, 10 (2010), 935--949.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Hanuma Teja Maddali, Michael Novitzky, Brian Hrolenok, Daniel Walker, Tucker Balch, and Kim Wallen. 2014. Inferring social structure and dominance relationships between rhesus macaques using RFID tracking data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.0330 (2014).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Séverine Montaudouin and Gilles Le Pape. 2005. Comparison between 28 zoological parks: stereotypic and social behaviours of captive brown bears (Ursus arctos). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 92, 1-2 (2005), 129--141.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Edward Narayan, Asumi Willis, Richard Thompson, Mandala Hunter-Ishikawa, and Tuan Bendixsen. 2018. Evaluating physiological stress in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) rescued from bile farms in Vietnam. Animal Welfare 27, 4 (2018), 295--303.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Rupert Palme, Sophie Rettenbacher, Chadi Touma, SM El-Bahr, and Erich Moestl. 2006. Stress hormones in mammals and birds: Comparative aspects regarding metabolism, excretion, and noninvasive measurement in fecal samples. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1040 (2006), 162--171.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  17. Giovanni Quintavalle Pastorino, Yiannis Christodoulides, Giulio Curone, Paul Pearce-Kelly, Massimo Faustini, Mariangela Albertini, Richard Preziosi, and Silvia Michela Mazzola. 2017. Behavioural profiles of brown and sloth bears in captivity. Animals 7, 5 (2017), 39.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Trevor B Poole. 1998. Meeting a mammal's psychological needs: Basic principles. Second nature: Environmental enrichment for captive animals. Smithsonian Institution Press. 83-94 pages.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Yosef Prat, Mor Taub, and Yossi Yovel. 2016. Everyday bat vocalizations contain information about emitter, addressee, context, and behavior. Scientific Reports 6 (2016), 39419.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Sheila Scutter and Janette Young. 2018. Volunteering for bear charities: What's in it for the bears? In Wild Animals and Leisure. Routledge, 132--147.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Hao-Yu Shih, Jane-Fang Yu, and Lih-Chiann Wang. 2016. Stereotypic behaviors in bears. Taiwan Veterinary Journal 42, 01 (2016), 11--17.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Gerda van Keulen-Kromhout. 1978. Zoo enclosures for bears. International Zoo Yearbook 18, 1 (1978), 177--186.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  23. Sophie S. Vickery and Georgia J. Mason. 2003. Behavioral persistence in captive bears: implications for reintroduction. Ursus 14, 1 (2003), 35--43.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Sophie S. Vickery and Georgia J. Mason. 2004. Stereotypic behavior in Asiatic black and Malayan sun bears. Zoo Biology: Published in affiliation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association 23, 5 (2004), 409--430.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Beat Wechsler. 1991. Stereotypies in polar bears. Zoo Biology 10, 2 (1991), 177--188.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  26. Wi-Charge. 2020. Wi-Charge Main Page. https://wi-charge.com/. (2020). Accessed: 2020-11-22.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Anna Zamansky, Aleksandr M Sinitca, Dmitry I Kaplun, Michael Plazner, Ivana G Schork, Robert J Young, and Cristiano S de Azevedo. 2019. Analysis of dogs' sleep patterns using convolutional neural networks. In International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks. Springer, 472--483.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. John Zimmerman and Jodi Forlizzi. 2014. Research through design in HCI. In Ways of Knowing in HCI. Springer, 167--189.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Monitoring the Welfare of Bears in Captivity

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Other conferences
        ACI '20: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction
        November 2020
        163 pages
        ISBN:9781450375740
        DOI:10.1145/3446002

        Copyright © 2020 ACM

        © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM acknowledges that this contribution was authored or co-authored by an employee, contractor or affiliate of the United States government. As such, the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free right to publish or reproduce this article, or to allow others to do so, for Government purposes only.

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 24 March 2021

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article
        • Research
        • Refereed limited
      • Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)48
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)8

        Other Metrics

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader