skip to main content
10.1145/3447555.3464851acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication Pagese-energyConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Flexibility Disaggregation under Forecast Conditions

Published: 22 June 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Stationary battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles become more and more popular at households with local photovoltaic generation. Besides improving self-consumption and autarchy, these batteries can provide flexibility to an external utility. Thereby, generation and demand uncertainty, as well as cost optimality, need to be considered when utilizing distributed flexibility.
This paper discusses long short-term memory neural networks for photovoltaic generation forecast and persistence models for household load forecast with respect to their applicability in local energy management system optimization. Furthermore, a mixed-integer linear program is proposed to optimally utilize local flexible loads and storage systems. Its solution space yields the flexibility potential, which can be aggregated at flexibility pools. In order to disaggregate flexibility requests to a pool of distributed energy management systems, we propose a heuristic algorithm that can among others minimize the overall flexibility cost or maximize probability of flexibility delivery. The forecast models, the mixed integer linear program and the flexibility disaggregation are evaluated on realistic household photovoltaic and load profiles to demonstrate the full chain from local forecast to flexibility disaggregation under forecast conditions. Our experiments with flexibility disaggregation show that the probability to provide flexibility should not be neglected when it comes to distributed energy management optimization based on forecast models.

References

[1]
Mohamed Abuella and Badrul Chowdhury. 2015. Solar power forecasting using artificial neural networks. In 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS). IEEE, Charlotte, NC, USA, 1--5.
[2]
MJE Alam, KM Muttaqi, and Darmawan Sutanto. 2012. Distributed energy storage for mitigation of voltage-rise impact caused by rooftop solar PV. In 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, 1--8.
[3]
N. Amjady. 2001. Short-term hourly load forecasting using time-series modeling with peak load estimation capability. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 16, 3 (2001), 498--505. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.932287
[4]
M. B. Anwar, H. W. Qazi, D. J. Burke, and M. J. O'Malley. 2019. Harnessing the Flexibility of Demand-Side Resources. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, 4 (2019), 4151--4163. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2018.2850439
[5]
Peder Bacher, Henrik Madsen, and Henrik Aalborg Nielsen. 2009. Online short-term solar power forecasting. Solar energy 83, 10 (2009), 1772--1783.
[6]
Robert Basmadjian. 2020. Optimized Charging of PV-Batteries for Households Using Real-Time Pricing Scheme: A Model and Heuristics-Based Implementation. Electronics 9, 1 (2020), 1--19. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9010113
[7]
Robert Basmadjian and Hermann De Meer. 2018. A Heuristics-Based Policy to Reduce the Curtailment of Solar-Power Generation Empowered by Energy-Storage Systems. Electronics 7, 12 (2018), 349.
[8]
BDEW. 2017. Konkretisierung der Ampelkonzepts im Verteilungsnetz. Technical Report. BDEW Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. https://www.bdew.de/media/documents/20170210_Konkretisierung-Ampelkonzept- Smart- Grids.pdf
[9]
N. Bodenschatz, M. Eider, and A. Berl. 2020. Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming Model for the Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicle Fleets. In 2020 10th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT). IEEE, Deggendorf, Germany, 741--746. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT49673.2020.9208875
[10]
Cai Chang-chun and Wu Min. 2008. Support vector machines with similar day's training sample application in short-term load forecasting. In 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies. IEEE, Nanjing, China, 1221--1225. https://doi.org/10.1109/DRPT.2008.4523593
[11]
Kalpesh Chaudhari, Abhisek Ukil, K Nandha Kumar, Ujjal Manandhar, and Sathish Kumar Kollimalla. 2017. Hybrid optimization for economic deployment of ESS in PV-integrated EV charging stations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 14, 1 (2017), 106--116.
[12]
Kein Huat Chua, Yun Seng Lim, and Stella Morris. 2016. Energy storage system for peak shaving. International Journal of Energy Sector Management 10, 1 (2016), 3--18. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-01-2015-0003
[13]
Cristian-Dragos Dumitru, Adrian Gligor, and Calin Enachescu. 2016. Solar photovoltaic energy production forecast using neural networks. Procedia Technology 22 (2016), 808--815.
[14]
Christine Eisenmann, Ing Bastian Chlond, Tim Hilgert, Sascha von Behren, and Ing Peter Vortisch. 2017. Deutsches Mobilitätspanel (MOP)-Wissenschaftliche Begleitung und Auswertungen Bericht 2016/2017: Alltagsmobilität und Fahrleistung. Technical Report. KIT.
[15]
Stefan Feilmeier, Wolfgang Gerbl, Fabian Schwarzbeck, Hüseyin Sahutoglu, Pooran Chandrashekaraiah, Sebastian Asen, Sagar Bandi Venu, Kyle Mclachlan, Andreas Hummelsberger, Leonid Verhovskij, Martin Grüning, Christian Lehne, Denis Jasselette, Andreas Fischer, Ante Braovic, Wolfgang Miethaner, and Jidovtseff Denis. 2021. OpenEMS 2021.1.0. OpenEMS. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4440884
[16]
S Ferrari, M Lazzaroni, V Piuri, Loredana Cristaldi, and Marco Faifer. 2013. Statistical models approach for solar radiation prediction. In 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 1734--1739. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2013.6555712
[17]
A. Gensler, J. Henze, B. Sick, and N. Raabe. 2016. Deep Learning for solar power forecasting --- An approach using AutoEncoder and LSTM Neural Networks. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, Budapest, Hungary, 002858--002865. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2016.7844673
[18]
Aldo Goia, Caterina May, and Gianluca Fusai. 2010. Functional clustering and linear regression for peak load forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting 26, 4 (2010), 700--711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2009.05.015
[19]
Hessam Golmohamadi, Reza Keypour, Birgitte Bak-Jensen, and Jayakrishnan Radhakrishna Pillai. 2019. Optimization of household energy consumption towards day-ahead retail electricity price in home energy management systems. Sustainable Cities and Society 47 (2019), 101468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101468
[20]
S. Hochreiter. 1991. Untersuchungen zu dynamischen neuronalen Netzen. Diploma thesis, Institut für Informatik, Lehrstuhl Prof. Brauer, Technische Universität München.
[21]
Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber. 1997. Long short-term memory. Neural computation 9, 8 (1997), 1735--1780. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735
[22]
T. Hong, M. Gui, M. E. Baran, and H. L. Willis. 2010. Modeling and forecasting hourly electric load by multiple linear regression with interactions. In IEEE PES General Meeting. IEEE, Providence, RI, USA, 1--8. https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2010.5589959
[23]
P. Jacquot, O. Beaude, P. Benchimol, S. Gaubert, and N. Oudjane. 2019. A Privacy-preserving Disaggregation Algorithm for Non-intrusive Management of Flexible Energy. In 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, Nice, France, France, 890--896. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC40024.2019.9029991
[24]
Amit Jain and B Satish. 2009. Clustering based short term load forecasting using support vector machines. In 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech. IEEE, Bucharest, Romania, 1--8. https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282144
[25]
Kyung-Bin Song, Young-Sik Baek, Dug Hun Hong, and G. Jang. 2005. Short-term load forecasting for the holidays using fuzzy linear regression method. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 20, 1 (2005), 96--101. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2004.835632
[26]
Michael Lechl and Stefan Feilmeier. 2021. EMSIG: Energy Management System Data. OpenEMS Association e.V. https://openems.io/research/emsig/
[27]
Donghun Lee and Kwanho Kim. 2019. Recurrent neural network-based hourly prediction of photovoltaic power output using meteorological information. Energies 12, 2 (2019), 215.
[28]
Gangqiang Li, Huaizhi Wang, Shengli Zhang, Jiantao Xin, and Huichuan Liu. 2019. Recurrent neural networks based photovoltaic power forecasting approach. Energies 12, 13 (2019), 2538.
[29]
Elke Lorenz, Johannes Hurka, Detlev Heinemann, and Hans Georg Beyer. 2009. Irradiance forecasting for the power prediction of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IEEE Journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing 2, 1 (2009), 2--10.
[30]
H. Matsila and P. Bokoro. 2018. Load Forecasting Using Statistical Time Series Model in a Medium Voltage Distribution Network. In IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, 4974--4979. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON.2018.8592891
[31]
A. El Mouatasim and Y. Darmane. 2018. Regression analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) system in FPO. In AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2056. AIP Publishing LLC, AIP Publishing LLC, Ouarzazate, Morocco, 020008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084981
[32]
Qingqing Mu, Yonggang Wu, Xiaoqiang Pan, Liangyi Huang, and Xian Li. 2010. Short-term load forecasting using improved similar days method. In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, Chengdu, China, 1--4. https://doi.org/10.1109/APPEEC.2010.5448655
[33]
Fabian L Müller, Jácint Szabó, Olle Sundström, and John Lygeros. 2017. Aggregation and disaggregation of energetic flexibility from distributed energy resources. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, 2 (2017), 1205--1214.
[34]
Hussam Nosair and Franois Bouffard. 2015. Flexibility envelopes for power system operational planning. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 6, 3 (2015), 800--809.
[35]
Hussam Nosair and François Bouffard. 2016. Energy-centric flexibility management in power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 31, 6 (2016), 5071--5081.
[36]
S. Ostovar, M. Moeini-Aghtaie, and M. B. Hadi. 2020. Developing a New Flexibility-Based Algorithm for Home Energy Management System (HEMS). In 2020 10th Smart Grid Conference (SGC). IEEE, Kashan, Iran, 1--6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SGC52076.2020.9335730
[37]
Michael Pertl, Francesco Carducci, Michaelangelo Tabone, Mattia Marinelli, Sila Kiliccote, and Emre C Kara. 2018. An equivalent time-variant storage model to harness ev flexibility: Forecast and aggregation. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 15, 4 (2018), 1899--1910.
[38]
REN21. 2016. Renewables 2016 Global status report. Technical Report. REN21. https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2016/
[39]
Aminmohammad Saberian, H Hizam, MAM Radzi, MZA Ab Kadir, and Maryam Mirzaei. 2014. Modelling and prediction of photovoltaic power output using artificial neural networks. International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014), 1--10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/469701
[40]
Jonas Schlund, Marco Pruckner, and Reinhard German. 2020. FlexAbility - Modeling and Maximizing the Bidirectional Flexibility Availability of Unidirectional Charging of Large Pools of Electric Vehicles. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems (e-Energy '20). Association for Computing Machinery, Virtual Event, Australia, 121--132. https://doi.org/10.1145/3396851.3397697
[41]
Tomonobu Senjyu, Hitoshi Takara, Katsumi Uezato, and Toshihisa Funabashi. 2002. One-hour-ahead load forecasting using neural network. IEEE Transactions on power systems 17, 1 (2002), 113--118. https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2009.5282144
[42]
Laurynas Šikšnys, Emmanouil Valsomatzis, Katja Hose, and Torben Bach Pedersen. 2015. Aggregating and disaggregating flexibility objects. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 27, 11 (2015), 2893--2906.
[43]
Solcast. 2020. Solar Irradiance Data. Solcast. https://solcast.com
[44]
Shahab Shariat Torbaghan, Niels Blaauwbroek, Dirk Kuiken, Madeleine Gibescu, Maryam Hajighasemi, Phuong Nguyen, Gerard JM Smit, Martha Roggenkamp, and Johann Hurink. 2018. A market-based framework for demand side flexibility scheduling and dispatching. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 14 (2018), 47--61.
[45]
Carolina Tranchita and Alvaro Torres. 2004. Soft computing techniques for short term load forecasting. In IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004. IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 497--502. https://doi.org/10.1109/PSCE.2004.1397459
[46]
A. Ulbig and G. Andersson. 2012. On operational flexibility in power systems. In 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, 1--8. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344676
[47]
Stylianos I Vagropoulos, GI Chouliaras, Evaggelos G Kardakos, Christos K Simoglou, and Anastasios G Bakirtzis. 2016. Comparison of SARIMAX, SARIMA, modified SARIMA and ANN-based models for short-term PV generation forecasting. In 2016 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). IEEE, Leuven, Belgium, 1--6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGYCON.2016.7514029
[48]
Sergio Vazquez, Srdjan M Lukic, Eduardo Galvan, Leopoldo G Franquelo, and JuanMCarrasco.2010. Energy storage systems for transport and grid applications. IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics 57, 12 (2010), 3881--3895.
[49]
Jan Von Appen, Thomas Stetz, Martin Braun, and Armin Schmiegel. 2014. Local voltage control strategies for PV storage systems in distribution grids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5, 2 (2014), 1002--1009.

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)A stochastic flexibility calculus for uncertainty-aware energy flexibility managementApplied Energy10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124907379(124907)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2024)Efficient Trading of Aggregate Bidirectional EV Charging Flexibility with Reinforcement LearningProceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems10.1145/3632775.3661949(134-146)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Real-time management of deviations in the demand of electric vehicle charging stations by utilizing EV flexibilityJournal of Energy Storage10.1016/j.est.2024.11271997(112719)Online publication date: Sep-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
e-Energy '21: Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems
June 2021
528 pages
ISBN:9781450383332
DOI:10.1145/3447555
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 June 2021

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. battery storage systems
  2. electric vehicle
  3. energy management system
  4. flexibility
  5. forecasting
  6. mixed integer linear programming

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

  • Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Landesentwicklung und Energie
  • Zentrum Digitalisierung Bayern

Conference

e-Energy '21

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 160 of 446 submissions, 36%

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)112
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)15
Reflects downloads up to 02 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)A stochastic flexibility calculus for uncertainty-aware energy flexibility managementApplied Energy10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124907379(124907)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2024)Efficient Trading of Aggregate Bidirectional EV Charging Flexibility with Reinforcement LearningProceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Future and Sustainable Energy Systems10.1145/3632775.3661949(134-146)Online publication date: 4-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Real-time management of deviations in the demand of electric vehicle charging stations by utilizing EV flexibilityJournal of Energy Storage10.1016/j.est.2024.11271997(112719)Online publication date: Sep-2024
  • (2023)Aggregating multi-time-scale flexibility potentials of battery storages based on open data – a potential analysisEnergy Informatics10.1186/s42162-023-00273-46:S1Online publication date: 19-Oct-2023
  • (2023)A novel forecasting approach to schedule aggregated electric vehicle chargingEnergy and AI10.1016/j.egyai.2023.10029714(100297)Online publication date: Oct-2023
  • (2022)Multi-objective flexibility disaggregation to distributed energy management systemsACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review10.1145/3555006.35550072:2(1-12)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2022
  • (2021)Quality of service and fairness for electric vehicle charging as a serviceEnergy Informatics10.1186/s42162-021-00175-34:S3Online publication date: 13-Sep-2021

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media