skip to main content
10.1145/3447555.3466583acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication Pagese-energyConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Energy and Exergy-Aware Workload Assignment for Air-Cooled Data Centers

Published: 22 June 2021 Publication History

Abstract

The energy required to cool a data center (DC) depends on both thermal and workload management. Although existing energy- and temperature-aware workload assignment approaches reduce operational expenditure by minimizing cooling energy consumption, they do not address the loss of available cooling capacity (i.e., loss of thermodynamic exergy) due to unavoidable system inefficiencies. By quantifying the exergy efficiency, the actual cooling COP and maximum achievable COP during operation can be embedded in the DC control system. A multi-objective optimization problem is formulated that quantifies the tradeoff between energy and exergy efficiencies. By reducing the exergy loss, the available cooling capacity, and therefore the capital expenditure can be effectively utilized, potentially reducing the total cost of ownership. We identify scenarios when significant improvements in the utilization of cooling capacity are possible with only small increases in energy consumption.

References

[1]
L. Wang, S. U. Khan, and J. Dayal, "Thermal aware workload placement with task-temperature profiles in a data center," The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 780--803, 2012.
[2]
S. MirhoseiniNejad, H. Moazamigoodarzi, G. Badawy, and D. G. Down, "Joint data center cooling and workload management: A thermal-aware approach," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 104, pp. 174--186, 2020.
[3]
J. Chen, W. Liu, and J. Song, "Network performance aware virtual machine migration in data centers," CLOUD COMPUTING, pp. 65--71, 2012.
[4]
Y. Bai, L. Gu, and X. Qi, "Comparative study of energy performance between chip and inlet temperature-aware workload allocation in air-cooled data center," Energies, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 669, 2018.
[5]
R. K. Sharma, C. E. Bash, C. D. Patel, R. J. Friedrich, and J. S. Chase, "Balance of power: Dynamic thermal management for internet data centers," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 42--49, 2005.
[6]
R. Gupta, S. Asgari, H. Moazamigoodarzi, S. Pal, and I. K. Puri, "Cooling architecture selection for air-cooled Data Centers by minimizing exergy destruction," Energy, vol. 201, pp. 117625, 2020.
[7]
U. Gupta, Y. G. Kim, S. Lee, J. Tse, H.-H. S. Lee, G.-Y. Wei, D. Brooks, and C.-J. Wu, "Chasing carbon: The elusive environmental footprint of computing," arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.02839, 2020.
[8]
H. Moazamigoodarzi, S. Pal, S. Ghosh, and I. K. Puri, "Real-time temperature predictions in it server enclosures," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 127, pp. 890--900, 2018.
[9]
M. Harchol-Balter, Performance modeling and design of computer systems: queueing theory in action: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
[10]
H. Moazamigoodarzi, R. Gupta, S. Pal, P. J. Tsai, S. Ghosh, and I. K. Puri, "Modeling temperature distribution and power consumption in IT server enclosures with row-based cooling architectures," Applied Energy, vol. 261, pp. 114355, 2020.
[11]
S. Asgari, S. MirhoseiniNejad, H. Moazamigoodarzi, R. Gupta, R. Zheng, and I. K. Puri, "A gray-box model for real-time transient temperature predictions in data centers," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 185, pp. 116319, 2021.
[12]
R. Gupta, H. Moazamigoodarzi, S. MirhoseiniNejad, D. G. Down, and I. K. Puri, "Workload management for air-cooled data centers: An energy and exergy based approach," Energy, vol. 209, pp. 118485, 2020.
[13]
W. Jiang, and T. A. Reddy, "Reevaluation of the Gordon-Ng performance models for water-cooled chillers," ASHRAE transactions, vol. 109, pp. 272, 2003.
[14]
TRANE, "Air-cooled liquid chillers, 10 to 60 Tons," 2004.
[15]
S. Denki, "San Ace 80," Product catalog, 2016.
[16]
P. Padala, X. Zhu, Z. Wang, S. Singhal, and K. G. Shin, "Performance evaluation of virtualization technologies for server consolidation," HP Labs Tec. Report, vol. 137, 2007.

Index Terms

  1. Energy and Exergy-Aware Workload Assignment for Air-Cooled Data Centers

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    e-Energy '21: Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems
    June 2021
    528 pages
    ISBN:9781450383332
    DOI:10.1145/3447555
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 22 June 2021

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Data center
    2. Energy analysis
    3. Exergy analysis
    4. Multi-objective optimization
    5. Workload management

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    e-Energy '21

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 160 of 446 submissions, 36%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • 0
      Total Citations
    • 101
      Total Downloads
    • Downloads (Last 12 months)6
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
    Reflects downloads up to 12 Feb 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media