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When hackers were heroes

Published: 22 March 2021 Publication History

Abstract

The complex legacy of Steven Levy's obsessive programmers.

References

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Anonymous. Business Week reports to readers on: Computers. Business Week 21 (June 1958).
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Brand, S. Spacewar: Fanatic life and symbolic death among the computer bums. Rolling Stone (Dec. 7, 1972), 50--58.
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Cringely, R.X. Accidental Empires: How the Boys of Silicon Valley Make their Millions, Battle Foreign Competition, and Still Can't Get a Date. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1992.
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Data Processing Management Association, Executive Committee Meeting Minutes, Aug. 5--6, 1966, contained in Data Processing Management Association Records (CBI 88), Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
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Dijkstra, E.W. EWD 498: How do we tell truths that might hurt. In Selected Writings on Computer Science: A Personal Perspective. Edsger W. Dijkstra, Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.
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Freiberger, P. and Swaine, M. Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer. Osborne/McGraw-Hill, Berkeley, CA, 1984.
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Isaacson, W. Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, 2011).
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Lehmann-Haupt, C. Hackers as heroes. New York Times (Dec. 24, 1984); https://nyti.ms/3uapqyn
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Levy, S. Facebook: The Inside Story. Blue Rider Press, New York, 2020.
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Levy, S. Hackers. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA, 2010.
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Levy, S. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Anchor Press/Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1984.
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Levy, S. In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives. Simon & Schuster, New York, NY, 2011.
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McKenzie W. A Hacker Manifesto. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2004.
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Moritz, M. The Little Kingdom: The Private Story of Apple Computer. William Morrow, New York, NY, 1984.
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Turkle, S. The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, 1984.
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Weizenbaum, J. Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment To Calculation. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1976.

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Published In

cover image Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM  Volume 64, Issue 4
April 2021
164 pages
ISSN:0001-0782
EISSN:1557-7317
DOI:10.1145/3458337
Issue’s Table of Contents
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 March 2021
Published in CACM Volume 64, Issue 4

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