research-article

The Role of Partial Automation in Increasing the Accessibility of Digital Games

Authors:

Gabriele Cimolino,

T.C. Nicholas GrahamAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 5, Issue CHI PLAY

Article No.: 266, Pages 1 - 30

https://doi.org/10.1145/3474693

Published: 06 October 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Digital games are designed to be controlled using hardware devices such as gamepads, keyboards, and cameras. Some device inputs may be inaccessible to players with motor impairments, rendering them unable to play. Games and devices can be adapted to enable play, but for some players these adaptations may not go far enough. Games may require inputs that some players cannot provide with any device. To address this problem, we introduce partial automation, an accessibility technique that delegates control of inaccessible game inputs to an AI partner. Partial automation complements and builds on other approaches to improving games' accessibility, including universal design, player balancing, and interface adaptation. We have demonstrated partial automation in two games for the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury. Six study participants with vastly different motor abilities were able to play both games. Participants liked the increased personalization that partial automation affords, although some participants were confused by aspects of the AI's behaviour.

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Index Terms

The Role of Partial Automation in Increasing the Accessibility of Digital Games
1. Applied computing
  1. Computers in other domains
    1. Personal computers and PC applications
      1. Computer games
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Accessibility
    1. Accessibility technologies

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 5, Issue CHI PLAY

CHI PLAY

September 2021

1535 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3490463

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Aalto University
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Regan Mandryk
University of Saskatchewan

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NSERC CREATE Research and Education in Accessibility, Design, and Innovation

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Ahmad WShokeen RRaj R(2024)Artificial IntelligenceTransforming Special Education Through Artificial Intelligence10.4018/979-8-3693-5538-1.ch017(459-520)Online publication date: 20-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5538-1.ch017
Chemnad KOthman A(2024)Digital accessibility in the era of artificial intelligence—Bibliometric analysis and systematic reviewFrontiers in Artificial Intelligence10.3389/frai.2024.13496687Online publication date: 16-Feb-2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1349668
Sako SIkeda TAoki RMiyata A(2024)Inclusive esports: Sense of Agency and Fairness through Pre-Training-Based Assistive MethodsProceedings of the 26th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility10.1145/3663548.3688488(1-4)Online publication date: 27-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3663548.3688488
Martinez JFroehlich JFogarty J(2024)Playing on Hard Mode: Accessibility, Difficulty and Joy in Video Game Adoption for Gamers with DisabilitiesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642804(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642804
Sansalone SCulver CSukhai M(2024)Visual Accessibility in Computer GamesEncyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games10.1007/978-3-031-23161-2_504(2079-2084)Online publication date: 5-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23161-2_504
Aufheimer MGerling KGraham TNaaris MKonings MMonbaliu EHallez HOrtibus E(2023)An Examination of Motivation in Physical Therapy Through the Lens of Self-Determination Theory: Implications for Game DesignProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581171(1-16)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581171
Cimolino GChen RGutwin CGraham T(2023)Automation Confusion: A Grounded Theory of Non-Gamers’ Confusion in Partially Automated Action GamesProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581116(1-19)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3544548.3581116
Ochsner B(2023)Providing AccessDisability and Video Games10.1007/978-3-031-34374-2_11(295-317)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34374-2_11
Cimolino GGraham T(2022)Two Heads Are Better Than One: A Dimension Space for Unifying Human and Artificial Intelligence in Shared ControlProceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3491102.3517610(1-21)Online publication date: 29-Apr-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3491102.3517610
Sansalone SCulver CSukhai M(2022)Visual Accessibility in Computer GamesEncyclopedia of Computer Graphics and Games10.1007/978-3-319-08234-9_504-1(1-6)Online publication date: 19-Nov-2022
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08234-9_504-1
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