research-article

Heterogeneity-aware Multicore Synchronization for Intermittent Systems

Authors:

Pi-Cheng HsiuAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS), Volume 20, Issue 5s

Article No.: 61, Pages 1 - 22

https://doi.org/10.1145/3476992

Published: 17 September 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Intermittent systems enable batteryless devices to operate through energy harvesting by leveraging the complementary characteristics of volatile (VM) and non-volatile memory (NVM). Unfortunately, alternate and frequent accesses to heterogeneous memories for accumulative execution across power cycles can significantly hinder computation progress. The progress impediment is mainly due to more CPU time being wasted for slow NVM accesses than for fast VM accesses. This paper explores how to leverage heterogeneous cores to mitigate the progress impediment caused by heterogeneous memories. In particular, a delegable and adaptive synchronization protocol is proposed to allow memory accesses to be delegated between cores and to dynamically adapt to diverse memory access latency. Moreover, our design guarantees task serializability across multiple cores and maintains data consistency despite frequent power failures. We integrated our design into FreeRTOS running on a Cypress device featuring heterogeneous dual cores and hybrid memories. Experimental results show that, compared to recent approaches that assume single-core intermittent systems, our design can improve computation progress at least 1.8x and even up to 33.9x by leveraging core heterogeneity.

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Li YWang XZhang HPan BQiu KKang WWang JZhao W(2024)Toward Energy-efficient STT-MRAM-based Near Memory Computing Architecture for Embedded SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/365072923:3(1-24)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3650729
Karthic V SM YE SP HP M(2024)Empowering Intermittent IoT Networks2024 International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICSTEM)10.1109/ICSTEM61137.2024.10560786(1-6)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
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Index Terms

Heterogeneity-aware Multicore Synchronization for Intermittent Systems
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
      1. Embedded software

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems

ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems Volume 20, Issue 5s

Special Issue ESWEEK 2021, CASES 2021, CODES+ISSS 2021 and EMSOFT 2021

October 2021

1367 pages

ISSN:1539-9087

EISSN:1558-3465

DOI:10.1145/3481713

Editor:
Tulika Mitra
National University of Singapore, Singapore

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Copyright © 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.

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ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 17 September 2021

Accepted: 01 July 2021

Revised: 01 June 2021

Received: 01 April 2021

Published in TECS Volume 20, Issue 5s

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Cited By

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Li YWang XZhang HPan BQiu KKang WWang JZhao W(2024)Toward Energy-efficient STT-MRAM-based Near Memory Computing Architecture for Embedded SystemsACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/365072923:3(1-24)Online publication date: 25-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3650729
Karthic V SM YE SP HP M(2024)Empowering Intermittent IoT Networks2024 International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICSTEM)10.1109/ICSTEM61137.2024.10560786(1-6)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTEM61137.2024.10560786
Hung CLee KLiu YChen YChan Z(2023)Energy-Efficient Communications for Improving Timely Progress of Intermittent-Powered BLE DevicesACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/362619722:6(1-20)Online publication date: 9-Nov-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626197
Li YKang WZhou KQiu KZhao W(2023)Experimental Demonstration of STT-MRAM-based Nonvolatile Instantly On/Off System for IoT Applications: Case StudiesACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems10.1145/354619322:2(1-24)Online publication date: 27-Jan-2023
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Sliper SWang WNikoleris NWeddell ASavanth APrabhat PMerrett G(2023)Pragmatic Memory-System Support for Intermittent Computing Using Emerging Nonvolatile MemoryIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.316826342:1(95-108)Online publication date: Jan-2023
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Tsai WChen WKuo THsiu P(2022)Intermittent-Aware Distributed Concurrency ControlIEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems10.1109/TCAD.2022.319750241:11(3721-3732)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2022
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Choi JKittinger LLiu QJung C(2022)Compiler-Directed High-Performance Intermittent Computation with Power Failure Immunity2022 IEEE 28th Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS)10.1109/RTAS54340.2022.00012(40-54)Online publication date: May-2022
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Jia MSha EZhuge QGu S(2022)Transient computing for energy harvesting systemsJournal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal10.1016/j.sysarc.2022.102743132:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
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