research-article

Et tu, Brute? Privacy Analysis of Government Websites and Mobile Apps

Authors:

Nayanamana Samarasinghe,

Aashish Adhikari,

Mohammad Mannan,

Amr YoussefAuthors Info & Claims

WWW '22: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022

Pages 564 - 575

https://doi.org/10.1145/3485447.3512223

Published: 25 April 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Past privacy measurement studies on web tracking focused on high-ranked commercial websites, as user tracking is extensively used for monetization on those sites. Conversely, governments across the globe now offer services online, which unlike commercial sites, are funded by public money, and do not generally make it to the top million website lists. As such, web tracking on those services has not been comprehensively studied, even though these services deal with privacy and security-sensitive user data, and used by a significant number of users. In this paper, we perform privacy and security measurements on government websites and Android apps: 150,244 unique websites (from 206 countries) and 1166 Android apps (from 71 countries). We found numerous commercial trackers on these services—e.g., 17% of government websites and 37% of government Android apps host Google trackers; 13% of government sites contain YouTube cookies with an expiry date in the year of 9999. 27% of government Android apps leak sensitive information (e.g., user/device identifiers, passwords, API keys) to third parties, or any network attacker (when sent over HTTP). We also found 304 government sites and 40 apps are flagged by VirusTotal as malicious. We hope our findings to help improve privacy and security of online government services, given that governments are now apparently taking Internet privacy/security seriously and imposing strict regulations on commercial sites.

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Et tu, Brute? Privacy Analysis of Government Websites and Mobile Apps

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cover image ACM Conferences

WWW '22: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022

April 2022

3764 pages

ISBN:9781450390965

DOI:10.1145/3485447

Editors:
Frédérique Laforest
INSA Lyon, France
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Raphaël Troncy
EURECOM, France
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Elena Simperl
King’s College London, UK
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Deepak Agarwal
Pinterest, USA
,
Aristides Gionis
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
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Ivan Herman
W3C / retired
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Lionel Médini
Université Lyon 1, France

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Published: 25 April 2022

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Kumar RCarisimo ERiva LBuzzone MBustamante FQazi IBeiró MVallina-Rodríguez NSuarez-Tángil GLevin DPelsser C(2024)Of Choices and Control - A Comparative Analysis of Government HostingProceedings of the 2024 ACM on Internet Measurement Conference10.1145/3646547.3688447(462-479)Online publication date: 4-Nov-2024
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