skip to main content
10.1145/3485447.3512267acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesthewebconfConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Fostering Engagement of Underserved Communities with Credible Health Information on Social Media

Published: 25 April 2022 Publication History

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid top-down dissemination of reliable and actionable information. This presents unique challenges in engaging low-literate communities that live in poverty and lack access to the Internet. We describe the design and deployment of a voice-based social media platform, accessible over simple phones, for actively engaging such communities in Pakistan with reliable COVID information. We developed three strategies to overcome users’ hesitation, mistrust, and skepticism in engaging with COVID content. Users were: (1) encouraged to listen to reliable COVID advisory, (2) incentivized to share authentic content with others, and (3) prompted to critically think about COVID-related information behaviors. Using a mixed-methods evaluation, we show that users approached with all three strategies had a significantly higher engagement with COVID content compared to others. We discuss how new designs of social media can enable users to engage with and propagate authentic information.

References

[1]
2021. Individuals using the Internet (% of population) - Pakistan. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=PK
[2]
2021. National Institute of Health Islamabad Pakistan. https://www.nih.org.pk/
[3]
2021. The New York Times International - Breaking News, US News, World News, Videos. https://www.nytimes.com/international/. (Accessed on 09/09/2021).
[4]
Thomas Abraham. 2011. Lessons from the pandemic: the need for new tools for risk and outbreak communication. Emerging Health Threats Journal 4, 1 (2011), 7160.
[5]
Nazanin Andalibi, Oliver L. Haimson, Munmun De Choudhury, and Andrea Forte. 2016. Understanding Social Media Disclosures of Sexual Abuse Through the Lenses of Support Seeking and Anonymity. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3906–3918. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858096
[6]
Andrew R Binder. 2012. Figuring out# Fukushima: An initial look at functions and content of US Twitter commentary about nuclear risk. Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture 6, 2(2012), 268–277.
[7]
Cynthia Chew and Gunther Eysenbach. 2010. Pandemics in the age of Twitter: content analysis of Tweets during the 2009 H1N1 outbreak. PloS one 5, 11 (2010), e14118.
[8]
Seong Eun Cho, Kyujin Jung, and Han Woo Park. 2013. Social media use during Japan’s 2011 earthquake: how Twitter transforms the locus of crisis communication. Media International Australia 149, 1 (2013), 28–40.
[9]
Victoria Clarke and Virginia Braun. 2014. Thematic analysis. In Encyclopedia of critical psychology. Springer, 1947–1952.
[10]
Josh Constine. 2020. Instagram uses its power to put coronavirus tips atop feed. https://tcrn.ch/2Qc0295
[11]
Karn Dubey, Palash Gupta, Rachna Shriwas, Gayatri Gulvady, and Amit Sharma. 2019. Learnings from Deploying a Voice-Based Social Platform for People with Disability. In Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (Accra, Ghana) (COMPASS ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1145/3314344.3332503
[12]
Chad C Eldridge, Debra Hampton, and Julie Marfell. 2020. Communication during crisis. Nursing Management 51, 8 (2020), 50–53.
[13]
Karen Freberg, Michael J Palenchar, and Shari R Veil. 2013. Managing and sharing H1N1 crisis information using social media bookmarking services. Public relations review 39, 3 (2013), 178–184.
[14]
Karen Freberg, Kristin Saling, Kathleen G Vidoloff, and Gina Eosco. 2013. Using value modeling to evaluate social media messages: The case of Hurricane Irene. Public Relations Review 39, 3 (2013), 185–192.
[15]
Xinning Gui, Yubo Kou, Kathleen Pine, Elisa Ladaw, Harold Kim, Eli Suzuki-Gill, and Yunan Chen. 2018. Multidimensional risk communication: public discourse on risks during an emerging epidemic. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
[16]
Xinning Gui, Yue Wang, Yubo Kou, Tera Leigh Reynolds, Yunan Chen, Qiaozhu Mei, and Kai Zheng. 2017. Understanding the patterns of health information dissemination on social media during the Zika outbreak. In AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 2017. American Medical Informatics Association, 820.
[17]
Mohamed Gulaid and Aditya Vashistha. 2013. Ila Dhageyso: an interactive voice forum to foster transparent governance in Somaliland. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes-Volume 2. 41–44.
[18]
Twitter Inc.[n.d.]. Coronavirus: Staying safe and informed on Twitter. ([n. d.]). https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2020/covid-19#find
[19]
Md Saiful Islam, Tonmoy Sarkar, Sazzad Hossain Khan, Abu-Hena Mostofa Kamal, SM Murshid Hasan, Alamgir Kabir, Dalia Yeasmin, Mohammad Ariful Islam, Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury, Kazi Selim Anwar, 2020. COVID-19–related infodemic and its impact on public health: A global social media analysis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 103, 4 (2020), 1621.
[20]
Farnaz Jahanbakhsh, Amy X. Zhang, Adam J. Berinsky, Gordon Pennycook, David G. Rand, and David R. Karger. 2021. Exploring Lightweight Interventions at Posting Time to Reduce the Sharing of Misinformation on Social Media. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW1 (April 2021), 18:1–18:42. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449092
[21]
Kang-Xing Jin. 2020. Launching the Coronavirus Information Center on Facebook. https://about.fb.com/news/2020/12/coronavirus/
[22]
Anirudha Joshi, Mandar Rane, Debjani Roy, Nagraj Emmadi, Padma Srinivasan, N. Kumarasamy, Sanjay Pujari, Davidson Solomon, Rashmi Rodrigues, D.G. Saple, Kamalika Sen, Els Veldeman, and Romain Rutten. 2014. Supporting Treatment of People Living with HIV / AIDS in Resource Limited Settings with IVRs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 1595–1604. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557236
[23]
Meghana Marathe, Jacki O’Neill, Paromita Pain, and William Thies. 2015. Revisiting CGNet Swara and Its Impact in Rural India. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development(Singapore, Singapore) (ICTD ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 21, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2737856.2738026
[24]
Preeti Mudliar, Jonathan Donner, and William Thies. 2012. Emergent practices around CGNet Swara, voice forum for citizen journalism in rural India. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. 159–168.
[25]
Mustafa Naseem, Bilal Saleem, Sacha St-Onge Ahmad, Jay Chen, and Agha Ali Raza. 2020. An Empirical Comparison of Technologically Mediated Advertising in Under-Connected Populations. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376683
[26]
Michelle Odlum and Sunmoo Yoon. 2015. What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets?American journal of infection control 43, 6 (2015), 563–571.
[27]
Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi, Elia Gabarron, and Rolf Wynn. 2014. Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination?Bmj 349(2014).
[28]
L. Palen and K. Anderson. 2016. Crisis informatics—New data for extraordinary times. Science 353(2016), 224 – 225.
[29]
Neil Patel, Sheetal Agarwal, Nitendra Rajput, Amit Nanavati, Paresh Dave, and Tapan S. Parikh. 2009. A Comparative Study of Speech and Dialed Input Voice Interfaces in Rural India. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Boston, MA, USA) (CHI ’09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/1518701.1518709
[30]
Neil Patel, Kapil Shah, Krishna Savani, Scott R Klemmer, Paresh Dave, and Tapan S Parikh. 2012. Power to the peers: Authority of source effects for a voice-based agricultural information service in rural India. In Proceedings of the fifth international conference on information and communication technologies and development. 169–178.
[31]
Catherine Porter, Marta Favara, Annina Hittmeyer, Douglas Scott, Alan Sánchez Jiménez, Revathi Ellanki, Tassew Woldehanna, Michelle G Craske, Alan Stein, 2021. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global south: evidence from a four-country cohort study. BMJ open 11, 4 (2021), e049653.
[32]
Agha Ali Raza, Bilal Saleem, Shan Randhawa, Zain Tariq, Awais Athar, Umar Saif, and Roni Rosenfeld. 2018. Baang: A viral speech-based social platform for under-connected populations. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–12.
[33]
Agha Ali Raza, Zain Tariq, Shan Randhawa, Bilal Saleem, Awais Athar, Umar Saif, and Roni Rosenfeld. 2019. Voice-based quizzes for measuring knowledge retention in under-connected populations. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–14.
[34]
Agha Ali Raza, Farhan Ul Haq, Zain Tariq, Mansoor Pervaiz, Samia Razaq, Umar Saif, and Roni Rosenfeld. 2013. Job opportunities through entertainment: Virally spread speech-based services for low-literate users. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 2803–2812.
[35]
Barbara Reynold and Matthew Seeger. 2014. Crisis Emergency Risk Communication(4th edition ed.). CDC.
[36]
Elisa Romano and Rayleen Luca. 2001. Male sexual abuse: A review of effects, abuse characteristics, and links with later psychological functioning. Aggression and Violent Behavior 6 (01 2001), 55–78.
[37]
Aasim Saleem. 2020. How denial and conspiracy theories fuel coronavirus crisis in Pakistan. Deutsche Welle (DW) (Jun 2020). https://www.dw.com/en/how-denial-and-conspiracy-theories-fuel-coronavirus-crisis-in-pakistan/a-53913842
[38]
Toijam Sarika Devi, Bijoylaxmi Sarmah, and Neeraj Kumar Phookan. 2020. Mobile Vaani Media: A Case of Community Engagement through Mobile in India. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computers & Management Skills (ICCM 2019)| North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
[39]
Dorothy L Schmalz, Craig M Colistra, and Katherine E Evans. 2015. Social media sites as a means of coping with a threatened social identity. Leisure Sciences 37, 1 (2015), 20–38.
[40]
Hyunjin Seo, Matthew Blomberg, Darcey Altschwager, and Hong Tien Vu. 2021. Vulnerable populations and misinformation: A mixed-methods approach to underserved older adults’ online information assessment. New Media & Society 23, 7 (2021), 2012–2033.
[41]
Farhana Shahid, Shahinul Hoque Ony, Takrim Rahman Albi, Sriram Chellappan, Aditya Vashistha, and ABM Alim Al Islam. 2020. Learning from tweets: Opportunities and challenges to inform policy making during Dengue epidemic. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW1(2020), 1–27.
[42]
Ariel Shensa, Jaime E Sidani, César G Escobar-Viera, Galen E Switzer, Brian A Primack, and Sophia Choukas-Bradley. 2020. Emotional support from social media and face-to-face relationships: Associations with depression risk among young adults. Journal of affective disorders 260 (2020), 38–44.
[43]
Ariel Shensa, Jaime E Sidani, Liu yi Lin, Nicholas D Bowman, and Brian A Primack. 2016. Social media use and perceived emotional support among US young adults. Journal of community health 41, 3 (2016), 541–549.
[44]
Jahanzeb Sherwani, Nosheen Ali, Sarwat Mirza, Anjum Fatma, Yousuf Memon, Mehtab Karim, Rahul Tongia, and Roni Rosenfeld. 2007. Healthline: Speech-based access to health information by low-literate users. In 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. IEEE, 1–9.
[45]
Softnio. [n.d.]. COVID-19 Health Advisory Platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulations and Coordination. https://covid.gov.pk/
[46]
Dongyoung Sohn. 2014. Coping with information in social media: The effects of network structure and knowledge on perception of information value. Computers in Human Behavior 32 (2014), 145–151.
[47]
R. Talhouk, T. Bartindale, K. Montague, S. Mesmar, C. Akik, A. Ghassani, M. Najem, H. Ghattas, P. Olivier, and M. Balaam. 2017. Implications of Synchronous IVR Radio on Syrian Refugee Health and Community Dynamics. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Communities and Technologies(C&T ’17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1145/3083671.3083690 event-place: Troyes, France.
[48]
Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein. 2008. Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness.Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, US. Pages: x, 293.
[49]
Aditya Vashistha, Edward Cutrell, Gaetano Borriello, and William Thies. 2015. Sangeet Swara: A Community-Moderated Voice Forum in Rural India. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702191
[50]
Aditya Vashistha, Edward Cutrell, Nicola Dell, and Richard Anderson. 2015. Social Media Platforms for Low-Income Blind People in India. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (Lisbon, Portugal) (ASSETS ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 259–272. https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2809858
[51]
Aditya Vashistha, Abhinav Garg, Richard Anderson, and Agha Ali Raza. 2019. Threats, abuses, flirting, and blackmail: Gender inequity in social media voice forums. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 1–13.
[52]
Aditya Vashistha, Umar Saif, and Agha Ali Raza. 2019. The internet of the orals. Commun. ACM 62, 11 (2019), 100–103.
[53]
Nikolas Wolfe, Juneki Hong, Agha Ali Raza, Bhiksha Raj, and Roni Rosenfeld. 2015. Rapid development of public health education systems in low-literacy multilingual environments: combating ebola through voice messaging. In SLaTE. 131–136.
[54]
Deepika Yadav, Pushpendra Singh, Kyle Montague, Vijay Kumar, Deepak Sood, Madeline Balaam, Drishti Sharma, Mona Duggal, Tom Bartindale, Delvin Varghese, and Patrick Olivier. 2017. Sangoshthi: Empowering Community Health Workers Through Peer Learning in Rural India. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web(WWW ’17). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, Switzerland, 499–508. https://doi.org/10.1145/3038912.3052624 event-place: Perth, Australia.
[55]
John Zarocostas. 2020. How to fight an infodemic. The lancet 395, 10225 (2020), 676.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Improving Social Media-Based Support Groups for the Rare Disease Community: Interview Study With Patients and Parents of Children with Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesJMIR Human Factors10.2196/5783311(e57833)Online publication date: 30-Dec-2024
  • (2024)EvolveUI: User Interfaces that Evolve with User ProficiencyProceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/3674829.3675078(230-237)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
  • (2024)SymLearn: A Symbiotic Crowd-AI Collective Learning Framework to Web-based Healthcare Policy Adherence AssessmentProceedings of the ACM Web Conference 202410.1145/3589334.3645519(2497-2508)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Fostering Engagement of Underserved Communities with Credible Health Information on Social Media
    Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    WWW '22: Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2022
    April 2022
    3764 pages
    ISBN:9781450390965
    DOI:10.1145/3485447
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 25 April 2022

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. COVID-19
    2. ICT4D.
    3. Web4Good
    4. health
    5. social networks
    6. voice

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    WWW '22
    Sponsor:
    WWW '22: The ACM Web Conference 2022
    April 25 - 29, 2022
    Virtual Event, Lyon, France

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 1,899 of 8,196 submissions, 23%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)45
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)5
    Reflects downloads up to 08 Mar 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Improving Social Media-Based Support Groups for the Rare Disease Community: Interview Study With Patients and Parents of Children with Rare and Undiagnosed DiseasesJMIR Human Factors10.2196/5783311(e57833)Online publication date: 30-Dec-2024
    • (2024)EvolveUI: User Interfaces that Evolve with User ProficiencyProceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCAS/SIGCHI Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/3674829.3675078(230-237)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
    • (2024)SymLearn: A Symbiotic Crowd-AI Collective Learning Framework to Web-based Healthcare Policy Adherence AssessmentProceedings of the ACM Web Conference 202410.1145/3589334.3645519(2497-2508)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
    • (2023)Vertical Federated Knowledge Transfer via Representation Distillation for Healthcare Collaboration NetworksProceedings of the ACM Web Conference 202310.1145/3543507.3583874(4188-4199)Online publication date: 30-Apr-2023

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media