Jorge Torres Gómez
Falko Dressler
ABSTRACT
Early detection of diseases in the human body is of utmost importance for the diagnosis and medical treatment of patients. Supported by recent advancements in nanotechnology, diseases may be detected by patrolling nanosensors, even before symptoms appear. This paper explores the detection capabilities of nanosensors flowing through the human circulatory system (HCS). We model the HCS through a Markov chain and propose the use of machine learning (ML) methods to learn the corresponding transition probabilities. Doing so, we propose a methodology to develop an early detection mechanism of quorum sensing (QS) molecules released by bacteria. Simulation results indicate the suitability of our machine learning approach as a basis for in-body precision medicine.
- [n.d.]. Decision Trees - MATLAB & Simulink. https://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/decision-trees.htmlGoogle Scholar
- [n.d.]. Train models to classify data using supervised machine learning - MATLAB. https://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/classificationlearner-app.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Ian F. Akyildiz, Maysam Ghovanloo, Ulkuhan Guler, Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov, A. Fatih Sarioglu, and Bige D. Unluturk. 2020. PANACEA: An Internet of Bio-NanoThings Application for Early Detection and Mitigation of Infectious Diseases. IEEE Access 8 (Jan. 2020), 140512--140523. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3012139Google Scholar
- Ian F. Akyildiz, Massimiliano Pierobon, and Sasitharan Balasubramaniam. 2019. Moving forward with molecular communication: from theory to human health applications [point of view]. Proc. IEEE 107, 5 (May 2019), 858--865. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2019.2913890Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ian F. Akyildiz, Massimiliano Pierobon, S. Balasubramaniam, and Y. Koucheryavy. 2015. The Internet of Bio-Nano Things. IEEE Communications Magazine (COM-MAG) 53, 3 (March 2015), 32--40. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7060516Google ScholarDigital Library
- Helen L. Barr, Nigel Halliday, Miguel Cámara, David A. Barrett, Paul Williams, Douglas L. Forrester, Rebecca Simms, Alan R. Smyth, David Honeybourne, Joanna L. Whitehouse, Edward F. Nash, Jane Dewar, Andrew Clayton, Alan J. Knox, and Andrew W. Fogarty. 2015. Pseudomonas aeruginosaquorum sensing molecules correlate with clinical status in cystic fibrosis. European Respiratory Journal 46, 4 (May 2015), 1046--1054. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00225214Google ScholarCross Ref
- Matthew Biletic, Filbert H. Juwono, and Lenin Gopal. 2020. Nanonetworks and Molecular Communications for Biomedical Applications. IEEE Potentials 39, 3 (May 2020), 25--30. https://doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2020.2964825Google ScholarCross Ref
- Thomas Bos, Wentao Jiang, Jan D'hooge, Marian Verhelst, and Wim Dehaene. 2019. Enabling Ultrasound In-Body Communication: FIR Channel Models and QAM Experiments. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (Feb. 2019), 135--144. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2018.2880878Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, Stylianos E. Trevlakis, Sotiris A. Tegos, Vasilis K. Papanikolaou, and George K. Karagiannidis. 2021. Machine Learning in Nano-Scale Biomedical Engineering. IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC) 7, 1 (March 2021), 10--39. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2020.3035383Google Scholar
- Florian Büther, Immo Traupe, and Sebastian Ebers. 2018. Hop Count Routing: A Routing Algorithm for Resource Constrained, Identity-Free Medical Nanonetworks. In 5th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2018). ACM, Reykjavík, Iceland. https://doi.org/10.1145/3233188.3233193Google ScholarDigital Library
- Uche A. K. Chude-Okonkwo, Reza Malekian, B. T. Maharaj, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos. 2017. Molecular Communication and Nanonetwork for Targeted Drug Delivery: A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 19, 4 (2017), 3046--3096. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2017.2705740Google ScholarCross Ref
- Falko Dressler and Stefan Fischer. 2015. Connecting In-Body Nano Communication with Body Area Networks: Challenges and Opportunities of the Internet of Nano Things. Elsevier Nano Communication Networks 6 (June 2015), 29--38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nancom.2015.01.006Google Scholar
- Florian-Lennert Adrian Flau, Regine Wendt, and Stefan Fischer. 2021. DNA-Based Molecular Communication as a Paradigm for Multi-Parameter Detection of Diseases. In 8th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2021). ACM, Virtual Conference.Google Scholar
- Constantine Gatsonis, James S. Hodges, Robert E. Kaas, and Nozer D. Singpurwalla. 2012. Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics. Vol. II. Springer Science & Business Media.Google Scholar
- Regine Geyer, Marc Stelzner, Florian Büther, and Sebastian Ebers. 2018. BloodVoyagerS: Simulation of the Work Environment of Medical Nanobots. In 5th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2018). ACM, Reykjavík, Iceland, 5:1-5:6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3233188.3233196Google ScholarDigital Library
- Arthur C. Guyton and Michael. E. Hall. 2015. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (14 ed.). Elsevier.Google Scholar
- Sophia L. Kalpazidou. 2006. Cycle Representations of Markov Processes. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36081-6Google Scholar
- Ladan Khaloopour, Mahtab Mirmohseni, and Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari. 2021. Theoretical Concept Study of Cooperative Abnormality Detection and Localization in Fluidic-Medium Molecular Communication. IEEE Sensors Journal 21, 15 (Aug. 2021), 17118--17130. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3081815Google ScholarCross Ref
- Anjali Kumari, Patrizia Pasini, and Sylvia Daunert. 2008. Detection of bacterial quorum sensing N-acyl homoserine lactones in clinical samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 391, 5 (April 2008), 1619--1627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2002-3Google ScholarCross Ref
- Anjali Kumari, Patrizia Pasini, Sapna K. Deo, Deborah Flomenhoft, Harohalli Shashidhar, and Sylvia Daunert. 2006. Biosensing Systems for the Detection of Bacterial Quorum Signaling Molecules. Analytical Chemistry 78, 22 (Nov. 2006), 7603--7609. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061421nGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Reza Mosayebi, Arman Ahmadzadeh, Wayan Wicke, Vahid Jamali, Robert Schober, and Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari. 2019. Early Cancer Detection in Blood Vessels Using Mobile Nanosensors. IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience 18, 4 (Oct. 2019), 103--116. https://doi.org/10.1109/tnb.2018.2885463Google ScholarCross Ref
- Giuseppe Piro, Pietro Bia, Gennaro Boggia, Diego Caratelli, Luigi Alfredo Grieco, and Luciano Mescia. 2016. Terahertz electromagnetic field propagation in human tissues: A study on communication capabilities. Nano Communication Networks 10 (2016), 51--59.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Giuseppe Enrico Santagati, Neil Dave, and Tommaso Melodia. 2020. Design and Performance Evaluation of an Implantable Ultrasonic Networking Platform for the Internet of Medical Things. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON) 28, 1 (2020), 29--42. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2019.2949805Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shreyas Sen, Shovan Maity, and Debayan Das. 2020. The body is the network: To safeguard sensitive data, turn flesh and tissue into a secure wireless channel. IEEE Spectrum 57, 12 (Dec. 2020), 44--49. https://doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2020.9271808Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jennifer Simonjan, Josep Miquel Jornet, Ian F Akyildiz, and Bernhard Rinner. 2018. Nano-cameras: A key enabling technology for the Internet of multimedia nano-things. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication. 1--6.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jennifer Simonjan, Bige D. Unluturk, and Ian F. Akyildiz. 2021. In-body Bionanosensor Localization for Anomaly Detection via Inertial Positioningand THz Backscattering Communication. eess.SY 2108.13747. arXiv.Google Scholar
- Christian A. Soldner, Eileen Socher, Vahid Jamali, Wayan Wicke, Arman Ahmadzadeh, Hans-Georg Breitinger, Andreas Burkovski, Kathrin Castiglione, Robert Schober, and Heinrich Sticht. 2020. A Survey of Biological Building Blocks for Synthetic Molecular Communication Systems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 22, 4 (2020), 2765--2800. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2020.3008819Google ScholarCross Ref
- Marc Stelzner and Immo Traupe. 2019. FCNN: Location Awareness Based on a Lightweight Hop Count Routing Body Coordinates Concept. In 6th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2019). ACM, Dublin, Ireland. https://doi.org/10.1145/3345312.3345493Google ScholarDigital Library
- Renat A. Sultanov, Dennis Guster, Brent Engelbrekt, and Richard Blankenbecler. 2008. 3D Computer Simulations of Pulsatile Human Blood Flows in Vessels and in the Aortic Arch: Investigation of Non-Newtonian Characteristics of Human Blood. In 2008 11th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. IEEE, Sao Paulo, Brazil. https://doi.org/10.1109/cse.2008.65Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jorge Torres Gómez, Regine Wendt, Anke Kuestner, Ketki Pitke, Lukas Stratmann, and Falko Dressler. 2021. Markov Model for the Flow of Nanobots in the Human Circulatory System. In 8th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and Communication (NANOCOM 2021). ACM, Virtual Conference. https://doi.org/10.1145/3477206.3477477Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gerard J. Tortora and Bryan H. Derrickson. 2017. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology (15 ed.). Wiley.Google Scholar
- Neeraj Varshney, Adarsh Patel, Yansha Deng, Werner Haselmayr, Pramod Varshney, and Arumugam Nallanathan. 2018. Abnormality Detection Inside Blood Vessels With Mobile Nanomachines. IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications (T-MBMC) 4, 3 (Sept. 2018), 189--194. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2019.2913399Google Scholar
Index Terms
- A Machine Learning Approach for Abnormality Detection in Blood Vessels via Mobile Nanosensors
Recommendations
Fine-tuned Circuit Representation of Human Vessels through Reinforcement Learning: A Novel Digital Twin Approach for Hemodynamics
NANOCOM '23: Proceedings of the 10th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and CommunicationThe modeling of human vessel hemodynamics targets various benefits in health care applications. Subject-specific models of vessels allow the accurate prediction of pressure and flow, thus, enabling the study of individuals' responses to medical ...
Electronic Stethoscope for Heartbeat Abnormality Detection
Smart Computing and CommunicationAbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the main causes of death and disability in most countries of the world. However, most countries do not currently have a comprehensive mass identification of risk factors and an overall assessment of the ...
Non-invasive estimate of blood glucose and blood pressure from a photoplethysmograph by means of machine learning techniques
Objective: This work presents a system for a simultaneous non-invasive estimate of the blood glucose level (BGL) and the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, using a photoplethysmograph (PPG) and machine learning techniques. The method is ...
Comments