skip to main content
10.1145/3489517.3530497acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdacConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

DeepGate: learning neural representations of logic gates

Published: 23 August 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Applying deep learning (DL) techniques in the electronic design automation (EDA) field has become a trending topic. Most solutions apply well-developed DL models to solve specific EDA problems. While demonstrating promising results, they require careful model tuning for every problem. The fundamental question on "How to obtain a general and effective neural representation of circuits?" has not been answered yet. In this work, we take the first step towards solving this problem. We propose DeepGate, a novel representation learning solution that effectively embeds both logic function and structural information of a circuit as vectors on each gate. Specifically, we propose transforming circuits into unified and-inverter graph format for learning and using signal probabilities as the supervision task in DeepGate. We then introduce a novel graph neural network that uses strong inductive biases in practical circuits as learning priors for signal probability prediction. Our experimental results show the efficacy and generalization capability of DeepGate.

References

[1]
Christoph Albrecht. 2005. IWLS 2005 benchmarks. In IWLS.
[2]
Luca Amarú, Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon, and Giovanni De Micheli. 2015. The EPFL combinational benchmark suite. In IWLS.
[3]
Saeed Amizadeh, Sergiy Matusevych, and Markus Weimer. 2019. Learning To Solve Circuit-SAT: An Unsupervised Differentiable Approach. In ICLR.
[4]
Rishi Bommasani et al. 2021. On the opportunities and risks of foundation models. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.07258 (2021).
[5]
Robert Brayton and Alan Mishchenko. 2010. ABC: An academic industrial-strength verification tool. In CAV. Springer, 24--40.
[6]
Tom B Brown et al. 2020. Language models are few-shot learners. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.14165 (2020).
[7]
Scott Davidson. 1999. Characteristics of the ITC'99 benchmark circuits. In ITSW.
[8]
Jacob Devlin et al. 2018. Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018).
[9]
J. Gilmer et al. 2017. Neural message passing for quantum chemistry. In ICML.
[10]
William L Hamilton, Rex Ying, and Jure Leskovec. 2017. Inductive representation learning on large graphs. In NIPS.
[11]
Xu Han et al. 2021. Pre-trained models: Past, present and future. AI Open (2021).
[12]
Weihua Hu et al. 2020. Open graph benchmark: Datasets for machine learning on graphs. arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.00687 (2020).
[13]
Guyue Huang et al. 2021. Machine learning for electronic design automation: A survey. TODAES (2021).
[14]
Thomas N Kipf and Max Welling. 2016. Semi-supervised classification with graph convolutional networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.02907 (2016).
[15]
Robert Kirby et al. 2019. CongestionNet: Routing congestion prediction using deep graph neural networks. In VLSI-SoC. IEEE.
[16]
Yuzhe Ma et al. 2019. High performance graph convolutional networks with applications in testability analysis. In DAC.
[17]
MW Roberts and PK Lala. 1987. Algorithm to detect reconvergent fanouts in logic circuits. IEEE Proceedings Computers and Digital Techniques (1987).
[18]
Daniel Selsam et al. 2018. Learning a SAT Solver from Single-Bit Supervision. In International Conference on Learning Representations.
[19]
Ilya Sutskever, Oriol Vinyals, and Quoc V. Le. 2014. Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks. arXiv:1409.3215
[20]
Opencores Team. [n. d.]. Opencores. https://opencores.org/.
[21]
V. Thost and J. Chen. 2021. Directed Acyclic Graph Neural Networks. In ICLR.
[22]
Ashish Vaswani et al. 2017. Attention is all you need. In NIPS.
[23]
Petar Veličković et al. 2017. Graph Attention Networks. ICLR (2017).
[24]
Le Wu et al. 2018. Socialgcn: An efficient graph convolutional network based model for social recommendation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.02815 (2018).
[25]
Zonghan Wu et al. 2020. A comprehensive survey on graph neural networks. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems (2020).
[26]
Zhiyao Xie et al. 2021. Net2: A Graph Attention Network Method Customized for Pre-Placement Net Length Estimation. In ASP-DAC. IEEE.
[27]
Muhan Zhang et al. 2019. D-VAE: A Variational Autoencoder for Directed Acyclic Graphs. arXiv:1904.11088
[28]
Yanqing Zhang, Haoxing Ren, and Brucek Khailany. 2020. GRANNITE: Graph neural network inference for transferable power estimation. In DAC. IEEE.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)DeepSeq: Deep Sequential Circuit Learning2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546639(1-2)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
  • (2024)PreRoutGNN for timing prediction with order preserving partitionProceedings of the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Sixth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Fourteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence10.1609/aaai.v38i15.29653(17087-17095)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2024
  • (2024)MinBLoG: Minimization of Boolean Logic Functions using Graph Attention NetworkProceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Machine Learning for CAD10.1145/3670474.3685962(1-8)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
DAC '22: Proceedings of the 59th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
July 2022
1462 pages
ISBN:9781450391429
DOI:10.1145/3489517
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 23 August 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. graph neural networks
  2. logic gates
  3. representation learning

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

DAC '22
Sponsor:
DAC '22: 59th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
July 10 - 14, 2022
California, San Francisco

Acceptance Rates

Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

Upcoming Conference

DAC '25
62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
June 22 - 26, 2025
San Francisco , CA , USA

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)296
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)40
Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)DeepSeq: Deep Sequential Circuit Learning2024 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)10.23919/DATE58400.2024.10546639(1-2)Online publication date: 25-Mar-2024
  • (2024)PreRoutGNN for timing prediction with order preserving partitionProceedings of the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Thirty-Sixth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Fourteenth Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence10.1609/aaai.v38i15.29653(17087-17095)Online publication date: 20-Feb-2024
  • (2024)MinBLoG: Minimization of Boolean Logic Functions using Graph Attention NetworkProceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Machine Learning for CAD10.1145/3670474.3685962(1-8)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)MinBLoG: Minimization of Boolean Logic Functions using Graph Attention Network2024 ACM/IEEE 6th Symposium on Machine Learning for CAD (MLCAD)10.1109/MLCAD62225.2024.10740246(1-8)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2024
  • (2024)RTL Simulation Acceleration with Machine Learning Models2024 25th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)10.1109/ISQED60706.2024.10528688(1-7)Online publication date: 3-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Aging-Aware Logic Restructure Acceleration Based on Heterogeneous Graph Learning2024 2nd International Symposium of Electronics Design Automation (ISEDA)10.1109/ISEDA62518.2024.10617843(480-485)Online publication date: 10-May-2024
  • (2024)HWSim: Hardware Similarity Learning for Intellectual Property Piracy Detection2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)10.1109/ISCAS58744.2024.10558324(1-5)Online publication date: 19-May-2024
  • (2024)Efficient Sublogic-Cone-Based Switching Activity Estimation Using Correlation FactorProceedings of the 29th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference10.1109/ASP-DAC58780.2024.10473841(638-643)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
  • (2024)DAGNN-RE: Directed Acyclic Graph Neural Network for Functional Reverse Engineering of Gate-Level NetlistIntegration10.1016/j.vlsi.2024.102343(102343)Online publication date: Dec-2024
  • (2024)Machine Learning-Based Security Evaluation and Overhead Analysis of Logic LockingJournal of Hardware and Systems Security10.1007/s41635-024-00144-88:1(25-43)Online publication date: 22-Jan-2024
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media