ABSTRACT
Drawing as an activity aids problem solving, collaboration, and presentation in design, science, and engineering and artistic creativity as well as expression in the arts. Unfortunately, blind, and partially sighted learners still lack an inclusive and effective drawing tool, even in the digital age. In response, this research aims to explore what an effective drawing tool for blind and partially sighted individuals (BPSI) would be. Raised-line drawing kits aim to provide this, but in prior work, our usability tests of raised line graphics with blind and partially sighted participants rated the raised line graphics that we tested as barely comprehensible relative to 3D models, which they rated as highly comprehensible. Semi-structured interviews with our participants afterward suggest that they found 3D models to be more comprehensible because these are consistent with haptic principles of perception whereas conventions of raised line graphics, such as a line representing a surface edge, replicate visual cues of source images and thereby violate haptic principles of perception. Therefore, we hypothesize that a drawing tool for blind and partially sighted drawers could be effective by recruiting affordances of 3D models. Through co-design sessions conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic with blind and partially sighted drawers (BPSD), we prototyped a tangible 3D model construction kit for non-visual haptic drawing with a digital interface to a 3D virtual environment. Our current investigation of user needs is informing us of our ongoing iterative development of an accessible 3D scanning application that is enabling blind and partially sighted individuals to build and scan in 3D models constructed from a more flexible range of materials beyond what was possible with our previous prototype.
- Bornschein, J., & Weber, G. (2017). Digital Drawing Tools for Blind Users: A State-of-of the art and Requirement Analysis. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Blindness Statistics | National Federation of the Blind. (2019, January). National Federation of Blind. https://nfb.org/resources/blindness-statisticsGoogle Scholar
- Claudia Daudén Roquet, Jeeeun Kim, and Tom Yeh. 2016. 3D Folded PrintGami: Transforming Passive 3D Printed Objects to Interactive by Inserted Paper Origami Circuits. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 187–191. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/2901790.2901891Google ScholarDigital Library
- Han, R., Wnuczko, W. & Coppin, P. (2020, Jul 6-Aug 28) Translating Scientific Content into Accessible Formats with Visually Impaired Learners: Recommendations and a Decision Aid Based on Haptic Rules of Perception. [printed-poster]. 81st Canadian Psychological Association Annual National Convention, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.Google Scholar
- Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, Mei-Chi Chen & Chih-Kai Chang (2015) Assessing the effectiveness of learning solid geometry by using an augmented reality-assisted learning system, Interactive Learning Environments, 23:6,799-810, DOI:10.1080/10494820.2013.8177435Google ScholarCross Ref
- Heller, M. A., McCarthy, M., Schultz, J., Greene, J., Shanley, M., Clark, A., Skoczylas, S., & Prociuk, J. (2005). The Influence of Exploration Mode, Orientation, and Configuration on the Haptic Müller-Lyer Illusion. Perception, 34(12), 1475–1500.https://doi.org/10.1068/p5269Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jafri, Rabia & Aljuhani, Asmaa & Ali, Syed. (2016). A tangible user interface-based application utilizing 3D-printed manipulatives for teaching tactual shape perception and spatial awareness sub-concepts to visually impaired children. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction. 11. 10.1016/j.ijcci.2016.12.001.Google Scholar
- Kamel, H. M., & Landay, J. A. (2000). A study of blind drawing practice. Proceedings of the Fourth International ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies - Assets ’00.https://doi. org/10.1145/354324.354334Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kurze, M.(1996) TDraw: A Computer-Based Tactile Drawing Tool for Blind People. InProceedings of Second Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies: Assets ’96. pp.131–138Google Scholar
- Rawson, P. (2016). Drawing. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. https://doi.org/10.9783/9781512805567Google ScholarCross Ref
- R.D. Jacobson. 1998. Navigating maps with little or no sight: An audio-tactile approach. In Proceedings of Content Visualization and Intermedia Representations, 95–102.Google Scholar
- Lauren Thévin, Christophe Jouffrais, Nicolas Rodier, Nicolas Palard, Martin Hachet, . Creating Accessible Interactive Audio-Tactile Drawings Using Spatial Augmented Reality. ISS 2019, ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces, Nov 2019, Daejeon, South Korea.ff10.1145/3343055.3359711ff. ffhal-02296003fGoogle Scholar
- Lei Shi, Holly Lawson, Zhuohao Zhang, and Shiri Azenkot. 2019. Designing Interactive 3D Printed Models with Teachers of the Visually Impaired. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’19, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300427Google ScholarDigital Library
- Siu, A. F. (2019). Advancing Accessible 3D Design for the Blind and Visually-Impaired via Tactile Shape Displays. The Adjunct Publication of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, 146–149.https://doi.org/10.1145/3332167.335687Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stéphanie Giraud and Christophe Jouffrais. 2016. Empowering Low-Vision Rehabilitation Professionals with “Do-It-Yourself” Methods. . Springer, Cham, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41267-2_9Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Tangible Construction Kit for Blind and Partially Sighted Drawers: Co-Designing a cross-sensory 3D interface with blind and partially sighted drawers during Covid-19
Recommendations
Blind Leading the Sighted: Drawing Design Insights from Blind Users towards More Productivity-oriented Voice Interfaces
Regular Papers and Special Issue on ASSETS 2018Voice-activated personal assistants (VAPAs) are becoming smaller, cheaper, and more accurate, such that they are now prevalent in homes (e.g., Amazon Echo, Sonos One) and on mobile devices (e.g., Google Assistant, Apple Siri) around the world. VAPAs ...
Opportunities for Supporting Self-efficacy Through Orientation & Mobility Training Technologies for Blind and Partially Sighted People
ASSETS '21: Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and AccessibilityOrientation and mobility (O&M) training provides essential skills and techniques for safe and independent mobility for blind and partially sighted (BPS) people. The demand for O&M training is increasing as the number of people living with vision ...
Mental Maps and the Use of Sensory Information by Blind and Partially Sighted People
This article aims to fill an important gap in the literature by reporting on blind and partially sighted people's use of spatial representations (mental maps) from their perspective and when travelling on real routes. The results presented here were ...
Comments