ABSTRACT
As an ever-growing industry, huge amount of efforts are spent in the R&D process of Pharmaceutical Engineering. However, it is still possible to lower the cost by applying the modern cloud based computational technology. The adaptation of which can provide extra storage space, platform for cooperation and a better way to choose clinical trial volunteers. Apart from the R&D cost, the quality of manufactured medicines are quite disappointing, much lower than the figure for other industries. It does not only arouse waste issue, but also increases the number of substandard medicines, which could circulate on the market and trigger potential public health problems. As two possible ways to promote the quality of manufactured medicine, the continuous production method and 3D printing method are introduced in this paper to provide some references for the future development of the drug development.
- Greenm™ Green M, How data is accelerating drug discovery and development? June 14, 2021.Google Scholar
- Hegde, R. S, Firstpost, Why branded drugs cost way more than their generic COUNTERPARTS-INDIA News. April 29, 2017.Google Scholar
- Neuman, S, Pharmaceutical industry WASTES $50 billion a year due to Inefficient manufacturing: The Source: Washington University in St. Louis. The Source. January 13, 2016.Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. (n.d.), Substandard and falsified medical products. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/substandard-and-falsified-medical-products.Google Scholar
- McCarthy, A. fdata-02-00023.pdf. Drug Discovery in the Clouds. 2002.Google Scholar
- Financialnewsmedia.com, Why Pharmaceutical R&D Global Spending Could Exceed $200 Billion by 2024. December 11, 2019.Google Scholar
- Singh, A, Pharmaceutical R&D global spending trends in 2019 - PRESCOUTER - Custom intelligence from a global network of experts. PreScouter. January 21, 2020Google Scholar
- Gunner Laine Hardy, Simulation Plus: One-Of-A-Kind Bioinformatics Co.With A 20% 3-Year CAGR. August 3, 2020.Google Scholar
- Sertkaya, Aylin, Hui-Hsing Wong, Amber Jessup, and Trinidad Beleche. Key cost drivers of pharmaceutical clinical trials in the United States, Web of Science, vol.13 (2), no.10, Feb 8, 2016, pp121-122.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Patricio Ledesma, How Much Does a Clinical Trial Cost? January 2, 2020.Google Scholar
- McCarthy, A. fdata-02-00023.pdf. Drug Discovery in the Clouds. 2012. https://doi.org/DOI 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.01.009Google Scholar
- Challener, C. A. (n.d.). Accelerating drug development with cloud-based computing. CIOReview. https://pharma-life-sciences.cioreview.com/cxoinsight/accelerating-drug-development-with-cloudbased-computing-nid-12895-cid-36.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Lucidchart, Cloud computing 101: Scalability, reliability, and availability. November 9, 2020.Google Scholar
- Massey, S. Making the Switch: Continuous Manufacturing vs. batch processing of pharmaceuticals. Xtalks, May 8, 2020.Google Scholar
- Number of Drug Recalls surges at FDA, led by Mid-Level Concerns. Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (RAPS). (n.d.), 2014.Google Scholar
- CFR - code of federal Regulations Title 21. accessdata.fda.gov. (n.d.). https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=7&showFR=1Google Scholar
- General Kinematics. Batch vs. Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. General Kinematics, October 11, 2017.Google Scholar
- Clarivate, The future of continuous manufacturing in pharma. May 30, 2020.Google Scholar
- The generic drug supply chain. Association for Accessible Medicines. (n.d.). https://accessiblemeds.org/resources/blog/generic-drug-supply-chain.Google Scholar
- Khaled, Shaban A., 3D Printing of Five-in-One Dose Combination Polypill with Defined Immediate and Sustained Release Profiles. [J] Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 217, 2015, pp. 308–314.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jassim, Z. E. (n.d.). View of application of 3d printing In Innovated drug DELIVERY: A Review: International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. View of APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING IN INNOVATED DRUG DELIVERY: A REVIEW | International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap/article/view/41741/25097.Google Scholar
- Additive manufacturing: Thermo fisher scientific. CN. (n.d.). https://www.thermofisher.cn/cn/zh/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/materials-science-research/additive-manufacturing.html.Google Scholar
- Wong, S, 3D printing: risks vs. benefits for the pharma industry, PharmaTimes. May 29, 2018.Google Scholar
- Chen, A. (n.d.). Benefits vs drawbacks of 3D printing in the Pharmaceutical industry. November 28, 2019.Google Scholar
Recommendations
The Transition from Batch to Continuous Manufacturing for Tablet Manufacturing
ICIBE '21: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Industrial and Business EngineeringChallenges and opportunities lie in the road of transition from batch to continuous tablet manufacturing. The complexity of the continuous manufacturing process demonstrates the large improvement space. This paper provided an overview of the current ...
Modelling of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Product Cost
AbstractWire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising additive manufacturing process that offers unique opportunities in product manufacture, repair and refurbishment. Cost is an important criterion in selection of a manufacturing process. In ...
Using Tacit Expert Knowledge to Support Shop-floor Operators Through a Knowledge-based Assistance System
AbstractThe increasing complexity of industrial production systems is challenging employees on the shop-floor in their daily work. Specific knowledge about manufacturing processes is often not available in explicit form but mainly as tacit knowledge of ...
Comments