Abstract
This study deals with the dynamic characterization of the historic Tophane-i Amire building, located in Istanbul. The domed structure was constructed in the 18th century and is known as the first industrial building in the Ottoman times. It was an arsenal building used for the production of cannons and cannon balls. An ambient vibration survey was conducted with the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition method to identify the dynamic characteristics of the structure. Later, a finite element model of the structure was constructed and numerical dynamic identification was pursued. The obtained experimental and numerical results have been compared and the finite element model of the structure has been tuned to obtain a validated tool to represent the real dynamic behavior of the structure. While the tuned model of the structure is intended to contribute to understanding its structural behavior and evaluate the mechanical properties of masonry, it has also been used for the evaluation of its seismic vulnerabilities. For this purpose, the structure has been analyzed under maximum considered earthquake response spectrum, and stress concentration regions have been determined. The results also serve as data for future structural health monitoring studies related to the structure.
- [1] . 1994. Finite element model identification using modal data. J Sound Vib 172, 5 (1994), 657–669.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [2] . 2011. Experimental and numerical modal analyses of a historical masonry palace. Construction and Building Materials 25, 1 (2011), 81–91.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [3] . 2012. Ambient vibration testing, dynamic identification and model updating of a historic tower. DT&E International 47 (2012), 88–95.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [4] . 2021. Model updating of historical belfries based on OMA identification techniques. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 15, 1 (2021), 132–156.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [5] . 2017. Ambient vibration testing and dynamic identification of a historical building. Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (Germany). Procedia Engineering. 199 (2017). 3392–3397.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [6] . 2012. Seismic behaviour and retrofit of historic masonry minaret. GRAĐEVINAR 64 (1),
DOI: 10.14256/JCE.629.2011Google Scholar - [7] . 2014. Characterization of the materials used in the multi-leaf masonry walls of monumental structures in Istanbul Turkey. Construction and Building Materials 64, 398–413.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [8] F. Aras and G. Altay. 2015. Investigation of mechanical properties of masonry in historic buildings. GRAĐEVINAR, Journal of the Croatian Association of Civil Engineers 67, 5 (2015), 461--469.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [9] S. V. Calcina, L. Piroddi, and G. Ranieri. 2016. Vibration analysis of historic bell towers by means of contact and remote sensing measurements. Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation 31, 4 (2016), 331--359.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [10] Y. S. Erdogan, T. Kocatürk, and C. Demir. 2017. Investigation of the seismic behavior of a historical masonry minaret considering the interaction with surrounding structures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 23, 1 (2017), 112--140.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [11] . 2017. Ambient vibrational characterization of the Nossa Senhora das Dores Church. Engineering Structures and Technologies 9, 4 (2017), 170–182.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [12] . 2019. A fast and practical approximations for fundamental period of historical Ottoman minarets. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 120 (2019), 320–331.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [13] . 2012. Ambient vibration testing of two masonry monuments in Cyprus. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 43 (2012), 58–68.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [14] . 2015. Seismic evaluation and structural control of historical Beylerbeyi Palace. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 22, 2 (2015), 347–364. Google ScholarCross Ref
- [15] . 2011. Dynamic characterization of complex masonry structures: The sanctuary of Vicoforte. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 5, 3 (2011), 296–314.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [16] M. L. Pecorelli, R. Ceravolo, and R. Epicoco. 2020. An automatic modal identification procedure for the permanent dynamic monitoring of the sanctuary of Vicoforte. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14, 4 (2020), 630--644.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [17] . 2013. Dynamic structural health monitoring of Saint Torcato church. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 35, 1–2 (2013), 1–15.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [18] P. Pachón, M. Infantes, M. Cámara, V. Compán, E. García-Macías, M. I. Friswell, and R. Castro-Triguero, 2020. Evaluation of optimal sensor placement algorithms for the structural health monitoring of architectural heritage. Application to the Monastery of San Jerónimo de Buenavista (Seville, Spain). Engineering Structures 202 (2020), 109843.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [19] . 2008. Structural identification for post-earthquake safety analysis of the Fatih mosque after the 17 August 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Engineering Structures 30, 8 (2008), 2165–2184.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [20] . 2017. Ambient vibration testing of historic masonry towers for structural identification and damage assessment. Construction and Building Materials 21, 6 (2017), 1311–1321.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [21] E. Bassoli, L. Vincenzi, A. M. D'Altri, S. deMiranda, M. Forghieri, and G. Castellazzi. 2018. Ambient vibration-based finite elementmodel updating of an earthquake-damagedmasonry tower. Structural Control and Health Monitoring 25, 5 (2018), e2150.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [22] . 2020. Vibration-based investigation of a historic bell tower to understand the occurrence of damage. International Journal of Architectural Heritage.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [23] . 2020. Structural investigation of Mnajdra megalithic monument in Malta. Journal of Cultural Heritage 41 (2020), 96–105.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [24] I. Venanzi, A. Kita, N. Cavalagli, L. Ierimonti, and F. Ubertini. 2020. Earthquake--induced damage localization in an historic masonry tower through long--term dynamic monitoring and FEmodel calibration. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18 (2020), 2247--2274. Google ScholarCross Ref
- [25] TBEC-2018 (Turkish Building Earthquake Code), Specifications for buildings to be built in seismic areas. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
- [26] . 1966. Osmanlı Mimarisinde Fatih Devri – Cilt IV. Istanbul Fetih Cemiyeti, Istanbul [In Turkish].Google Scholar
- [27] . 1979. Süleymaniye Cami Ve İmareti İnşaatı – Cilt II. Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara [in Turkish].Google Scholar
- [28] . 2008. The metamorphosis of an imperial arsenal (The Tophane-i Amire in Istanbul). Heritage 2008 International Conference. World Heritage and Sustainable Development, R. Amoeda et aL., Volume 2, Retrieved May 28, 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311953126.Google Scholar
- [29] . 2003. Why ouput-only modal testing is a desirable tool for a wide range of practical applications. In 21st International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC’03), Kissimmee, Florida.Google Scholar
- [30] G. Zini, M. Betti, G. Bartoli, and S. Chiostrini. 2018. Frequency vs time domain identification of heritage structures. In XIV International Conference on Building Pathology and Constructions Repair (CINPAR'18). Vol. 11, 460--469.Google Scholar
- [31] ARTeMIS. 2018. Operational Modal Analysis Software V6, Structural Vibration Solutions A/S. NOVI Science Park, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.Google Scholar
- [32] . 2000. Modal identification from ambient responses using frequency domain decomposition. In Proceedings of the 18th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC’00). San Antonio, TX, 625–630.Google Scholar
- [33] . 2001. Modal identification of output only systems using frequency domain decomposition. Smart Mater Struct 10 (2001), 441–445.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [34] R. Brincker, P. Andersen, and N. J. Jacobsen. 2007. Automated frequency domain decomposition for operational modal analysis. In Proceedings of the 25th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC'07), Orlando, FL, 2544--2550.Google Scholar
- [35] F. Magalhaes, A. Cunha, E. Caetano, and R. Brincker. 2010. Damping estimation using free decays and ambient vibration tests. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 24 (2010), 1274--1290.Google Scholar
- [36] F. Magalhaes, A. Cunha, E. Caetano, and R. Brincker. 2010. Damping estimation using free decays and ambient vibration tests. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 24 (2010), 1274--1290.Google Scholar
- [37] . 2011. Explaining operational modal analysis with data from an arch bridge. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 25 1431–1450.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [38] . 2019. Numerical insights on the seismic risk of confined masonry towers. Engineering Structures 180 (2019), 713–727.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [39] . 2013. In situ static and dynamic investigations on the “Torre Grossa” masonry tower. Engineering Structures 52 (2013), 718–733.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [40] SAP2000 V16. 2016. Structural analysis program-integrated finite element analysis and design of structures. Analysis Reference, Berkeley, California.Google Scholar
- [41] . 2004. Earthquake hazard in Marmara region, Turkey. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24, 8 (2004), 605–631. .Google ScholarCross Ref
- [42] A. Hubert-Ferrari, A. Barka, E. Jacques, S. S. Nalbant, B. Meyer, R. Armijo, P. Tapponnier, and J. P. King. 2000. Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea region following the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake. Nature 404 (2000), 269--273.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [43] M. Bohnhoff, F. Bulut, G. Dresen, P. E. Malin, T. Eken, and M. Aktar. 2013. An earthquake gap south of Istanbul. Nature Communications 4 (2013), 1999.
DOI: Google ScholarCross Ref - [44] AFAD, Türkiye Deprem Tehlike Haritaları İnteraktif Web Uygulaması (Detaylı Rapor), T.C. İÇİŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI (Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı). Retrieved May 15, 2020 from https://tdth.afad.gov.tr/TDTH/detayliRapor.xhtml.Google Scholar
- [45] . 1996. Comparison of damping in buildings under low amplitude and strong motions. Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics 59, 2–3 (1996), 309–323.Google ScholarCross Ref
- [46] . 2003. Damping evaluation using full-scale data of buildings in Japan. Journal of Structural Engineering 129, 4 (2003), 470–478.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- Dynamic Response and Seismic Vulnerabilities of the Historic Tophane-i Amire: Dynamic and Seismic Analysis of a Historic Masonry Building
Recommendations
Numerical modeling of masonry-infilled RC frames subjected to seismic loads
The behavior of masonry-infilled reinforced concrete frames under cyclic lateral loading is complicated because a number of different failure mechanisms can be induced by the frame-infill interaction, including brittle shear failures of the concrete ...
Collapse mechanism analysis of historic masonry structures subjected to lateral loads: A comparison between continuous and discrete models
Highlights- A homogenized finite element (FE) and a rigid block (RB) model are presented.
- ...
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show to what extent a simple constitutive model can adequately describe the collapse mechanisms of historic masonry structures under horizontal seismic loads. Referring to block masonry, the paper presents ...
Comments