ABSTRACT
Improving the services provided for the pilgrims is one of the Saudi Arabian government priorities, as well as for each person who works in the agencies of serving them. Food providing is considered one of the main services for the pilgrims. The current food service providers are 3-4 food plants that do not cover the whole number of the needed meals, kitchens, and the local market. In the current situation, the meals are provided under no specific standards or regulations, and the quality assurance process needs to work with several providers. In this paper, we propose a solution for this problem by suggesting the automation of the whole food providing services by establishing several centralized and specialized food plants that work under a single authority, distributed widely to cover a large area of the pilgrims' locations. The plants will be responsible for the food service starting from providing the raw materials up to the delivery of the meals to the performers on time without any compromise in its quality. This is done by applying blockchain technology as a proposed method for quality control on the supply chain to record every transaction and verify the origin of every material used to produce the meals, as well as trace back the source of any problem to its origin. This will ensure the availability of the total number of required meals in time, the meals to be produced under specific standards and specifications, and will digitize the quality assurance process and make it more centralized. The result of simulating the proposed "to-be" business model by using the Bizagi platform showed that the proposed model outperformed the current "as-is" model by saving 54.46% of the needed total needed time for food providing service. It also showed promising results regarding quality when applying blockchain technology.
- O. Attalah, B. Mashat, I. Abd El-Rahim, and O. Ahmed, “Improving the quality of catering services in Mecca by applying the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system,” in 17th Scientific Forum for the Research of Hajj, Umrah and Madinah VisitAt: Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 2017, pp. 321–330. Accessed: Sep. 26, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://drive.uqu.edu.sa/_/hajj/files/multaqa/143817.pdfGoogle Scholar
- N. Alharthi and A. Gutub, "Data Visualization to Explore Improving Decision-Making within Hajj Services", Scientific Modelling and Research, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 9-18, 2017. Available: 10.20448/808.2.1.9.18.Google ScholarCross Ref
- K. Francisco and D. Swanson, “The Supply Chain Has No Clothes: Technology Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency,” Logistics, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 2, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.3390/logistics2010002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- P. de Giovanni, “Blockchain and smart contracts in supply chain management: A game theoretic model,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 228, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107855.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Reda, K. Dominique Bernard, T. Fatima, and M. Azouazi, “Blockchain in health supply chain management: State of art challenges and opportunities,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2020, vol. 175, pp. 706–709. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.104.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. Aslam, A. Saleem, N. T. Khan, and Y. B. Kim, “Factors influencing blockchain adoption in supply chain management practices: A study based on the oil industry,” Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 124–134, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jik.2021.01.002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Hamdan, "Food Management During Hajj Using Lean Methodology to Fulfill the Pilgrims' and Umrah Performers' Food Needs, Rationalize Consumption and Preserve the Environment", Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1454-1462, 2020. Available: 10.21786/bbrc/13.3/70.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Alalawi, “The catering of the pilgrims - a vision for an excellent industry,” in 17th Scientific Forum for the Research of Hajj, Umrah and Madinah VisitAt: Madinah, Saudi Arabia, 2017, pp. 270–277. Accessed: Sep. 29, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://drive.uqu.edu.sa/_/hajj/files/multaqa/143817.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Lee, A. Daraba, C. Voidarou, G. Rozos, H. Enshasy and T. Varzakas, "Implementation of Food Safety Management Systems along with Other Management Tools (HAZOP, FMEA, Ishikawa, Pareto). The Case Study of Listeria monocytogenes and Correlation with Microbiological Criteria", Foods, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 2169, 2021. Available: 10.3390/foods10092169.Google Scholar
- S. Yezli , "Gastrointestinal symptoms and knowledge and practice of pilgrims regarding food and water safety during the 2019 Hajj mass gathering", BMC Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021. Available: 10.1186/s12889-021-11381-9.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Al-Joudi, "AN OUTBREAK OF FOODBORNE DIARRHEAL ILLNESS AMONG SOLDIERS IN MINA DURING HAJJ: THE ROLE OF CONSUMER FOOD HANDLING BEHAVIORS", Journal of Family Community Med., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 29-33, 2007.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. A. Bukhari , "Assessment of microbiological quality of food preparation process in some restaurants of Makkah city", Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 5993-5997, 2021. Available: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.050.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Y. Liu and B. Shen, “Quality management and blockchain adoption in a supply chain,” in IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2020, vol. 53, pp. 10732–10736. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.2853.Google ScholarCross Ref
- F. Dietrich, Y. Ge, A. Turgut, L. Louw, and D. Palm, “Review and analysis of blockchain projects in supply chain management,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2021, vol. 180, pp. 724–733. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.295.Google ScholarDigital Library
- R. C. Härting, A. Sprengel, K. Wottle, and J. Rettenmaier, “Potentials of blockchain technologies in supply chain management - A conceptual model,” in Procedia Computer Science, 2020, vol. 176, pp. 1950–1959. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.334.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Abdeen, "A Service-Oriented Architecture for Optimal Service Selection and Positioning in Extremely Large Crowds", International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 11, no. 1, 2020. Available: 10.14569/ijacsa.2020.0110169.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Iftekhar and X. Cui, "Blockchain-Based Traceability System That Ensures Food Safety Measures to Protect Consumer Safety and COVID-19 Free Supply Chains", Foods, vol. 10, no. 6, p. 1289, 2021. Available: 10.3390/foods10061289.Google Scholar
- N. Nawaz, A. Waqas and Z. Yusof, "A Framework for Smart Estimation of Demand-Supply for Crowdsource Management using WSN", 2021.Google Scholar
- M. Yasein, E. Khan and M. Shambour, "Towards Smart Camps in Mina Holy Place: Exploiting IoT Technologies", In 19th Scientific Forum of Hajj, Umrah and Madinah Visit Research, pp. 123-132, 2019.Google Scholar
- "Organization Chart for Hajj and Umrah - Ministry of Hajj and Umrah", Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.haj.gov.sa/en/InternalPages/Details/55.Google Scholar
- T. Radain, "Food Services Provided for Pilgrims", 2021.Google Scholar
- M. of Hajj, "External Hajj E-services Portal Food Provider Representative Guide", 2021. [Online]. Available: https://ehaj.haj.gov.sa/docs/ehaj/pdf/userguide/en.Google Scholar
- "Main - Ministry of Hajj and Umrah", Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.haj.gov.sa/en.Google Scholar
- M. Nashar, "Mitigating demand uncertainty through supply chain strategies: the case of food SMEs in the Hajj phenomenon", Bura.brunel.ac.uk, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13577. [Accessed: 25- Sep- 2021].Google Scholar
- G. Büyüközkan, G. Tüfekçi, and D. Uztürk, “Evaluating Blockchain requirements for effective digital supply chain management,” International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 242, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108309.Google ScholarCross Ref
- N. Kshetri, “1 Blockchain's roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives,” in International Journal of Information Management, Apr. 2018, vol. 39, pp. 80–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.12.005.Google ScholarCross Ref
- help.bizagi.com. (2021). Simulation in Bizagi. Available: https://help.bizagi.com/bpmsuite/en/index.html?simulation_in_bizagi.htmGoogle Scholar
Recommendations
Design and Implementation of Blockchain Based Food Quality and Safety Traceability Platform
ICITEE '21: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical EngineeringAiming at the problems of food safety traceability at present, combined with the characteristics of blockchain technology, this paper improves the design of food quality and safety traceability information system based on blockchain technology. The ...
Urban Data and Spatial Segregation: Analysis of Food Services Clusters in St. Petersburg, Russia
Computational Science – ICCS 2018AbstractThis paper presents an approach to study spatial segregation through clusterization of food services in St. Petersburg, Russia, based on analysis of geospatial and user-generated data from open sources. We consider a food service as an urban place ...
Using blockchain to signal quality in the food supply chain: The impact on consumer purchase intentions and the moderating effect of brand familiarity
AbstractFood safety is a public health issue of paramount importance. In this regard, blockchain has emerged as a promising technology that allows users to effectively and efficiently record the origin and flow of products and eliminate or ...
Highlights- Blockchain enables food supply chain participants to record the flow of products.
Comments