ABSTRACT
Social media is often used to disseminate information during crises, including wars, natural disasters and pandemics. This paper discusses the challenges faced during crisis situations, which social media can both contribute to and ameliorate. We discuss the role that information polarisation plays in exacerbating problems. We then discuss how certain mal-actors exploit these divides. We conclude by detailing future avenues of work that can help mitigate these issues.
Supplemental Material
- 2016. Inside Trump’s ’cyborg’ Twitter army. https://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/donald-trump-twitter-army-228923. (Accessed on 04/15/2022).Google Scholar
- 2021. Internet users in the world 2021 | Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/. (Accessed on 04/16/2022).Google Scholar
- 2022. Fake news from Ukraine: 7 steps to identify misinformation and disinformation. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/tv-radio-web/fake-news-from-ukraine-7-steps-to-identify-misinformation-and-disinformation-1.4822317. (Accessed on 04/15/2022).Google Scholar
- 2022. NCRI Insights Report. https://networkcontagion.us/wp-content/uploads/NCRI-Insights-SitRep-March-2022.pdf. (Accessed on 04/15/2022).Google Scholar
- 2022. Social media platforms on the defensive as Russian-based disinformation about Ukraine spreads - POLITICO. https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/24/social-media-platforms-russia-ukraine-disinformation-00011559. (Accessed on 04/15/2022).Google Scholar
- 2022. War in Ukraine. https://edmo.eu/2022/02/28/war-in-ukraine-the-fact-checked-disinformation-detected-in-the-eu/. (Accessed on 04/16/2022).Google Scholar
- Michael Bossetta. 2018. The weaponization of social media: Spear phishing and cyberattacks on democracy. Journal of international affairs 71 (2018).Google Scholar
- Mohit Chandra, Manvith Reddy, Shradha Sehgal, Saurabh Gupta, Arun Balaji Buduru, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. 2021. ” A Virus Has No Religion”: Analyzing Islamophobia on Twitter During the COVID-19 Outbreak. In 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. 67–77.Google Scholar
- Seong Eun Cho, Kyujin Jung, and Han Woo Park. 2013. Social media use during Japan’s 2011 earthquake: how Twitter transforms the locus of crisis communication. Media International Australia 149, 1 (2013), 28–40.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Matteo Cinelli, Gianmarco De Francisci Morales, Alessandro Galeazzi, Walter Quattrociocchi, and Michele Starnini. 2021. The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, 9 (2021).Google Scholar
- Dan Ciuriak. 2022. The Role of Social Media in Russia’s War on Ukraine. Available at SSRN (2022).Google Scholar
- A Connaughton. 2021. Those on ideological right favor fewer COVID-19 restrictions in most advanced economies. Pew Research Center (2021).Google Scholar
- Hyo Jin Do, Chae-Gyun Lim, You Jin Kim, and Ho-Jin Choi. 2016. Analyzing emotions in twitter during a crisis: A case study of the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome outbreak in Korea. In 2016 international conference on big data and smart computing (BigComp). IEEE, 415–418.Google Scholar
- Aditi Gupta, Anupam Joshi, and Ponnurangam Kumaraguru. 2012. Identifying and characterizing user communities on twitter during crisis events. In Proceedings of the 2012 workshop on Data-driven user behavioral modelling and mining from social media. 23–26.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mario Haim, Andreas Graefe, and Hans-Bernd Brosius. 2018. Burst of the filter bubble? Effects of personalization on the diversity of Google News. Digital journalism 6, 3 (2018), 330–343.Google Scholar
- Ehsan Ul Haq, Tristan Braud, Young D Kwon, and Pan Hui. 2020. A survey on computational politics. IEEE Access 8(2020), 197379–197406.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ehsan-Ul Haq, Tristan Braud, Yui-Pan Yau, Lik-Hang Lee, Franziska B Keller, and Pan Hui. 2022. Screenshots, Symbols, and Personal Thoughts: The Role of Instagram for Social Activism. (2022).Google Scholar
- Ehsan-Ul Haq, Gareth Tyson, Lik-Hang Lee, Tristan Braud, and Pan Hui. 2022. Twitter dataset for 2022 russo-ukrainian crisis. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.02955(2022).Google Scholar
- Ferenc Huszár, Sofia Ira Ktena, Conor O’Brien, Luca Belli, Andrew Schlaikjer, and Moritz Hardt. 2022. Algorithmic amplification of politics on Twitter. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, 1 (2022).Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mansooreh Karami, Tahora H Nazer, and Huan Liu. 2021. Profiling Fake News Spreaders on Social Media through Psychological and Motivational Factors. In Proceedings of the 32nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. 225–230.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anna Kawakami, Khonzoda Umarova, Dongchen Huang, and Eni Mustafaraj. 2020. The’Fairness Doctrine’Lives on? Theorizing about the Algorithmic News Curation of Google’s Top Stories. In Proceedings of the 31st ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. 59–68.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Franziska Keller, David Schoch, Sebastian Stier, and JungHwan Yang. 2017. How to manipulate social media: Analyzing political astroturfing using ground truth data from South Korea. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 11. 564–567.Google Scholar
- Juhi Kulshrestha, Motahhare Eslami, Johnnatan Messias, Muhammad Bilal Zafar, Saptarshi Ghosh, Krishna P Gummadi, and Karrie Karahalios. 2017. Quantifying search bias: Investigating sources of bias for political searches in social media. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM CSCW.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gabriel Lima, Jiyoung Han, and Meeyoung Cha. 2022. Others Are to Blame: Whom People Consider Responsible for Online Misinformation. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW1(2022), 1–25.Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Gunnarsson Lorentzen. 2014. Polarisation in political Twitter conversations. Aslib Journal of Information Management(2014).Google Scholar
- Marcelo Mendoza, Barbara Poblete, and Carlos Castillo. 2010. Twitter under crisis: Can we trust what we RT?. In Proceedings of the first workshop on social media analytics. 71–79.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Carl Miller. 2022. Stop Saying Ukraine Is Winning the Information War - The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/04/russian-propaganda-zelensky-information-war/629475/. (Accessed on 04/15/2022).Google Scholar
- Jarred Prier. 2020. Commanding the trend: Social media as information warfare. In Information warfare in the age of cyber conflict. Routledge.Google Scholar
- Hans Rosenberg, Shahbaz Syed, and Salim Rezaie. 2020. The Twitter pandemic: The critical role of Twitter in the dissemination of medical information and misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian journal of emergency medicine 22, 4 (2020), 418–421.Google Scholar
- Erick Tseng. 2013. Providing relevant notifications based on common interests between friends in a social networking system. US Patent 8,560,678.Google Scholar
- Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, and Sinan Aral. 2018. The spread of true and false news online. Science 359, 6380 (2018), 1146–1151.Google Scholar
- Christo Wilson, Alessandra Sala, Krishna PN Puttaswamy, and Ben Y Zhao. 2012. Beyond social graphs: User interactions in online social networks and their implications. ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB) 6, 4 (2012), 1–31.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Koosha Zarei, Damilola Ibosiola, Reza Farahbakhsh, Zafar Gilani, Kiran Garimella, Noël Crespi, and Gareth Tyson. 2020. Characterising and detecting sponsored influencer posts on Instagram. In 2020 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining.Google ScholarDigital Library
Recommendations
The modern information culture and information warfare
Information warfare is viewed as a social-information phenomenon in today's world. Particular features of information warfare pursued in World 2.0 are defined. The emphasis is made on the role of a humanitarian tool, the information culture, which ...
Social Media in Emergencies: A Representative Study on Citizens' Perception in Germany
The value of social media in crises, disasters, and emergencies across different events (e.g. floods, storms, terroristic attacks), countries, and for heterogeneous participants (e.g. citizens, emergency services) is now well-attested. Existing work has ...
Self-disclosure in social media
CHI EA '11: CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsComputer mediated communication tools have multiplied the possibilities to stay in touch and interact with the people in our social network. The dynamics of use for these tools suggest changes in the context of self-disclosure. Although research has ...
Comments