Abstract
Writing is the currency of academia. Although technology-mediated writing has been studied extensively in CSCW, we know little about how writing practices unfold with disabled people, such as dyslexic writers whose neurodivergence shapes how they process language. Our qualitative analysis reveals how dyslexic professionals simultaneously identify how editing tools break down on academic language; develop workarounds that re-appropriate other tools as language sources; cultivate ad-hoc collaborations to compensate for technology's limitations; and navigate culturally ingrained ableist expectations for writing. We discuss how dyslexic writers' experiences with shouldering invisible work to participate in academic writing processes indicates that current tools and services do not support their needs. We then draw on our findings to inform design opportunities to make writing processes more accessible through changes to writing tools, institutional services, and peer review practices.
- ADHD-Hub. [n.d.]. Home. https://www.adhd-hub.comGoogle Scholar
- International Dyslexia Association. [n.d.]. Dyslexia Basics. https://dyslexiaida.org/dyslexia-basics/Google Scholar
- Kess L. Ballentine. 2019. Understanding Racial Differences in Diagnosing ODD Versus ADHD Using Critical Race Theory. Families in Society, Vol. 100, 3 (July 2019), 282--292. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389419842765 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.Google Scholar
- April A Benasich, Naseem Choudhury, Sue Peters, and Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla. 2016. Early Screening and Intervention of Infants at High Risk for Developmental Language Disorders. Perspectives on Language and Literacy, Vol. 42, 1 (2016), 7.Google Scholar
- Michael S. Bernstein, Greg Little, Robert C. Miller, Björn Hartmann, Mark S. Ackerman, David R. Karger, David Crowell, and Katrina Panovich. 2010. Soylent: A Word Processor with a Crowd Inside. In Proceedings of the 23Nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 313--322. https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866078 event-place: New York, New York, USA.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Birnholtz and Steven Ibara. 2012. Tracking Changes in Collaborative Writing: Edits, Visibility and Group Maintenance. In Proceedings of the ACM 2012 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 809--818. https://doi.org/10.1145/2145204.2145325 event-place: Seattle, Washington, USA.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Birnholtz, Stephanie Steinhardt, and Antonella Pavese. 2013. Write here, write now! an experimental study of group maintenance in collaborative writing. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 961--970. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2466123Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tom Boellstorff, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce, and T. L. Taylor. 2013. Words with friends: writing collaboratively online. Interactions, Vol. 20, 5 (Sept. 2013), 58--61. https://doi.org/10.1145/2501987Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stacy M. Branham and Shaun K. Kane. 2015a. Collaborative Accessibility: How Blind and Sighted Companions Co-Create Accessible Home Spaces. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2373--2382. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702511Google ScholarDigital Library
- Stacy M. Branham and Shaun K. Kane. 2015b. The Invisible Work of Accessibility: How Blind Employees Manage Accessibility in Mixed-Ability Workplaces. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 163--171. https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2809864Google ScholarDigital Library
- Khiara M. Bridges. 2018. Implicit Bias and Racial Disparities in Health Care. Human Rights Magazine, Vol. 43, 3 (Nov. 2018). https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/the-state-of-healthcare-in-the-united-states/racial-disparities-in-health-care/Google Scholar
- Thomas C. Buchmueller and Helen G. Levy. 2020. The ACA's Impact On Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Health Insurance Coverage And Access To Care. Health Affairs, Vol. 39, 3 (March 2020), 395--402. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01394 Publisher: Health Affairs.Google ScholarCross Ref
- USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Health disparities experienced by black or African Americans--United States. MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Vol. 54, 1 (2005), 1--3. https://www.safetylit.org/citations/index.php?fuseaction=citations.viewdetails&citationIds[]=citjournalarticle_11363_13Google Scholar
- Kathy Charmaz. 2008. Constructionism and the Grounded Theory Method. In Handbook of Constructionist Research, James A. Holstein and Jaber F. Gubrium (Eds.). Vol. 1. Guilford Press, New York, NY, USA, 397--412.Google Scholar
- Kathy Charmaz. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory. SAGE. Google-Books-ID: v_GGAwAAQBAJ.Google Scholar
- John Lee Clark. 2020. Tactile Art by John Lee Clark. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/articles/150914/tactile-art Archive Location: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/ Library Catalog: www.poetryfoundation.org Publisher: Poetry Magazine.Google Scholar
- Tumaini R. Coker, Marc N. Elliott, Sara L. Toomey, David C. Schwebel, Paula Cuccaro, Susan Tortolero Emery, Susan L. Davies, Susanna N. Visser, and Mark A. Schuster. 2016. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment. Pediatrics, Vol. 138, 3 (Sept. 2016). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0407 Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics Section: Article.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vincent Connelly, Sonya Campbell, Morag MacLean, and Jim Barnes. 2006. Contribution of Lower Order Skills to the Written Composition of College Students With and Without Dyslexia. Developmental Neuropsychology, Vol. 29, 1 (Feb. 2006), 175--196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn2901_9 Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn2901_9.Google Scholar
- Aisling Conway, Nuala Brady, and Karuna Misra. 2017. Holistic word processing in dyslexia. PLOS ONE, Vol. 12, 11 (Nov. 2017), e0187326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187326 Publisher: Public Library of Science.Google Scholar
- Julie Cosenza. 2017. A Critical Disability Pedagogy: Legitimizing Dyslexia. ProQuest LLC. ISSN: EISSN- Publication Title: ProQuest LLC.Google Scholar
- Maitraye Das, Darren Gergle, and Anne Marie Piper. 2019. "It doesn't win you friends": Understanding Accessibility in Collaborative Writing for People with Vision Impairments. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 3, CSCW (Nov. 2019), 191:1--191:26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3359293Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maartje De Meulder, Jemima Napier, and Christopher Stone. 2018. Designated or preferred? A deaf academic and two signed language interpreters working together for a PhD defence: A case study of best practice. 10 (Dec. 2018). https://wlv.openrepository.com/handle/2436/622011 Accepted: 2019-01-04T16:21:53Z Publisher: Conference of Interpreter Trainers.Google Scholar
- Jay T Dolmage. 2017. Academic Ableism: Disability and Higher Education. University of Michigan Press.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Elizabeth Ellcessor. 2016. Restricted Access: Media, Disability, and the Politics of Participation. NYU Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt18040rgGoogle ScholarDigital Library
- Ruth Falzon. 2020. Dyslexia and academic life. (2020). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94577 Accepted: 2020--12--10T09:53:17Z Publisher: IntechOpen.Google Scholar
- M. Inmaculada Fernández-Andrés, Pilar Tejero, and Ximena Vélez-Calvo. 2021. Visual Attention, Orthographic Word Recognition, and Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD, Dyslexia, or ADHD+Dyslexia. Journal of Attention Disorders, Vol. 25, 7 (May 2021), 942--953. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054719864637 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.Google Scholar
- Alexander Fiannaca, Ann Paradiso, Mira Shah, and Meredith Ringel Morris. 2017. AACrobat: Using Mobile Devices to Lower Communication Barriers and Provide Autonomy with Gaze-Based AAC. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 683--695. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998215Google ScholarDigital Library
- Adam Fourney, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Ryen W. White. 2017. Web Search as a Linguistic Tool. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web (WWW '17). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, Republic and Canton of Geneva, CHE, 549--557. https://doi.org/10.1145/3038912.3052651Google ScholarDigital Library
- Adam Fourney, Meredith Ringel Morris, Abdullah Ali, and Laura Vonessen. 2018. Assessing the Readability of Web Search Results for Searchers with Dyslexia. In The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research & Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1069--1072. https://doi.org/10.1145/3209978.3210072Google ScholarDigital Library
- David Galbraith, Veerle Baaijen, Jamie Smith-Spark, and Mark Torrance. 2012. Chapter 2.02.06: The Effects of Dyslexia on the Writing Processes of Students in Higher Education. Learning to Write Effectively: Current Trends in European Research (Jan. 2012), 195--198. https://doi.org/10.1163/9781780529295_044 Publisher: Brill Section: Learning to Write Effectively: Current Trends in European Research.Google Scholar
- Inc. Grammarly. [n.d.]. Write your best with Grammarly. https://www.grammarly.com/Google Scholar
- Aimi Hamraie. 2016. Universal Design and the Problem of "Post-Disability" Ideology. Design and Culture, Vol. 8, 3 (Sept. 2016), 285--309. https://doi.org/10.1080/17547075.2016.1218714Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christian Heath, Jon Hindmarsh, and Paul Luff. 2010. Video in Qualitative Research. SAGE. Google-Books-ID: Ze59B640hbMC.Google Scholar
- Megan Hofmann, Devva Kasnitz, Jennifer Mankoff, and Cynthia L Bennett. 2020. Living Disability Theory: Reflections on Access, Research, and Design. In The 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3416996Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shamsi T. Iqbal, Jaime Teevan, Dan Liebling, and Anne Loomis Thompson. 2018. Multitasking with Play Write, a Mobile Microproductivity Writing Tool. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 411--422. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242611Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dhruv Jain, Venkatesh Potluri, and Ather Sharif. 2020. Navigating Graduate School with a Disability. In The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '20). 17.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Talila A. Lewis. 2020. Ableism 2020: An Updated Definition. http://www.talilalewis.com/1/post/2020/01/ableism-2020-an-updated-definition.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Lois MacCullagh, Agnes Bosanquet, and Nicholas A. Badcock. 2017. University Students with Dyslexia: A Qualitative Exploratory Study of Learning Practices, Challenges and Strategies. Dyslexia, Vol. 23, 1 (2017), 3--23. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1544 _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dys.1544.Google ScholarCross Ref
- David S. Mandell, Lisa D. Wiggins, Laura Arnstein Carpenter, Julie Daniels, Carolyn DiGuiseppi, Maureen S. Durkin, Ellen Giarelli, Michael J. Morrier, Joyce S. Nicholas, Jennifer A. Pinto-Martin, Paul T. Shattuck, Kathleen C. Thomas, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, and Russell S. Kirby. 2009. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 99, 3 (March 2009), 493--498. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.131243Google ScholarCross Ref
- David Martin, Benjamin V. Hanrahan, Jacki O'Neill, and Neha Gupta. 2014. Being a turker. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing (CSCW '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 224--235. https://doi.org/10.1145/2531602.2531663Google ScholarDigital Library
- Caida Mendelsohn. [n.d.]. 6 Surprising Ways Dyslexia Affects Me as a Young Adult. https://www.understood.org/en/community-events/blogs/the-inside-track/2017/05/16/6-surprising-ways-dyslexia-affects-me-as-a-young-adultGoogle Scholar
- Helena M. Mentis, Madhu Reddy, and Mary Beth Rosson. 2010. Invisible emotion: information and interaction in an emergency room. In Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW '10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 311--320. https://doi.org/10.1145/1718918.1718975Google ScholarDigital Library
- Microsoft. [n.d.]. Improve Reading & Writing - Microsoft Education. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/education/products/learning-tools Library Catalog: www.microsoft.com.Google Scholar
- Julie Minich. 2016. Enabling Whom? Critical Disability Studies Now. Lateral, Vol. 5 (May 2016). https://doi.org/10.25158/L5.1.9Google Scholar
- Aliaksei Miniukovich, Antonella De Angeli, Simone Sulpizio, and Paola Venuti. 2017. Design Guidelines for Web Readability. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 285--296. https://doi.org/10.1145/3064663.3064711 event-place: Edinburgh, United Kingdom.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Aliaksei Miniukovich, Michele Scaltritti, Simone Sulpizio, and Antonella De Angeli. 2019. Guideline-Based Evaluation of Web Readability. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 508:1--508:12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300738 event-place: Glasgow, Scotland Uk.Google ScholarDigital Library
- S. Mohamad, W. Mansor, and Khuan Y. Lee. 2013. Review of neurological techniques of diagnosing dyslexia in children. In 2013 IEEE 3rd International Conference on System Engineering and Technology. 389--393. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSEngT.2013.6650206Google ScholarCross Ref
- Paul L. Morgan, George Farkas, Marianne M. Hillemeier, Richard Mattison, Steve Maczuga, Hui Li, and Michael Cook. 2015. Minorities are Disproportionately Underrepresented in Special Education: Longitudinal Evidence Across Five Disability Conditions. Educational researcher (Washington, D.C. : 1972), Vol. 44, 5 (2015), 278--292. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X15591157Google Scholar
- Paul L. Morgan, Jeremy Staff, Marianne M. Hillemeier, George Farkas, and Steven Maczuga. 2013. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in ADHD Diagnosis From Kindergarten to Eighth Grade. Pediatrics, Vol. 132, 1 (July 2013), 85--93. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012--2390 Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics Section: Article.Google Scholar
- Meredith Ringel Morris, Adam Fourney, Abdullah Ali, and Laura Vonessen. 2018. Understanding the Needs of Searchers with Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173609Google ScholarDigital Library
- Sarah Murphy. 2020. Dyslexia in the Writing Center: Multimodal Strategies. http://thepeerreview-iwca.org/issues/issue-4-0/dyslexia-in-the-writing-center-multimodal-strategies/Google Scholar
- Jakob Neilson. 2012. Thinking Aloud: The #1 Usability Tool. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/thinking-aloud-the-1-usability-tool/Google Scholar
- Jason M. Nelson, Will Lindstrom, and Patricia A. Foels. 2015. Test Anxiety Among College Students With Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia): Nonverbal Ability and Working Memory as Predictors. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 48, 4 (July 2015), 422--432. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219413507604 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Judith S. Olson, Dakuo Wang, Gary M. Olson, and Jingwen Zhang. 2017. How People Write Together Now: Beginning the Investigation with Advanced Undergraduates in a Project Course. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol. 24, 1 (March 2017), 4:1--4:40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3038919Google ScholarDigital Library
- June Lyday Orton. 1966. The Orton-Gillingham Approach. Orton Dyslexia Society.Google Scholar
- Ola Ozernov-Palchik and Nadine Gaab. 2016. Tackling the Early Identification of Dyslexia with the Help of Neuroimaging. Perspectives on Language and Literacy, Vol. 42, 1 (2016), 7.Google Scholar
- Dai O'Brien. 2020. Mapping deaf academic spaces. Higher Education (Feb. 2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00512--7Google Scholar
- Trevor O'Brien. 2018. Exploring the social construction of dyslexia. In Learn, Vol. 40. 97--105.Google Scholar
- Bhaskar Pant. 2016. Different Cultures See Deadlines Differently. Harvard Business Review (May 2016). https://hbr.org/2016/05/different-cultures-see-deadlines-differently Section: Cross-cultural management.Google Scholar
- Jennifer Pedler. 2001. Computer spellcheckers and dyslexics-a performance survey. British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol. 32, 1 (2001), 23--37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467--8535.00174Google ScholarCross Ref
- Margaret Price. 2011. Mad at School: Rhetorics of Mental Disability and Academic Life. University of Michigan Press. Google-Books-ID: e_eI21iCl8AC.Google Scholar
- Margaret Price. 2015. The Bodymind Problem and the Possibilities of Pain. Hypatia, Vol. 30, 1 (2015), 268--284. https://doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12127Google ScholarCross Ref
- ProWritingAid. [n.d.]. ProWritingAid - the best grammar checker, style editor, and editing tool in one package. https://prowritingaid.com/Google Scholar
- Alberto Quattrini Li, Licia Sbattella, and Roberto Tedesco. 2013. PoliSpell: An Adaptive Spellchecker and Predictor for People with Dyslexia. In User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (Lecture Notes in Computer Science ), Sandra Carberry, Stephan Weibelzahl, Alessandro Micarelli, and Giovanni Semeraro (Eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 302--309.Google Scholar
- Luz Rello. 2014. DysWebxia: A Text Accessibility Model for People with Dyslexia. PhD Thesis. Universitat Pompeu Fabra.Google Scholar
- Luz Rello and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2013. Good Fonts for Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 14:1--14:8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513447Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2016. The Effect of Font Type on Screen Readability by People with Dyslexia. ACM Trans. Access. Comput., Vol. 8, 4 (May 2016), 15:1--15:33. https://doi.org/10.1145/2897736Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, Stefan Bott, and Horacio Saggion. 2013a. Simplify or Help?: Text Simplification Strategies for People with Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 15:1--15:10. https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461126Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello, Miguel Ballesteros, and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2015. A Spellchecker for Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 17th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility (ASSETS '15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 39--47. https://doi.org/10.1145/2700648.2809850 event-place: Lisbon, Portugal.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2017. Good Background Colors for Readers: A Study of People with and Without Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '17). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 72--80. https://doi.org/10.1145/3132525.3132546 event-place: Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello, Gaurang Kanvinde, and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2012. Layout Guidelines for Web Text and a Web Service to Improve Accessibility for Dyslexics. In Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 36:1--36:9. https://doi.org/10.1145/2207016.2207048Google ScholarDigital Library
- Luz Rello, Martin Pielot, Mari-Carmen Marcos, and Roberto Carlini. 2013b. Size Matters (Spacing Not): 18 Points for a Dyslexic-friendly Wikipedia. In Proceedings of the 10th International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4A '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 17:1--17:4. https://doi.org/10.1145/2461121.2461125Google ScholarDigital Library
- Lindsay Reynolds and Shaomei Wu. 2018. ?I'm Never Happy with What I Write": Challenges and strategies of people with dyslexia on social media. In Twelfth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM18/paper/view/17812Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gregory Richardson. 2021. Dyslexia in higher education. Educational Research and Reviews, Vol. 16, 4 (April 2021), 125--135. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2021.4128 Publisher: Academic Journals.Google Scholar
- Barbara Riddick. 2001. Dyslexia and inclusion: Time for a social model of disability perspective? International Studies in Sociology of Education, Vol. 11, 3 (Nov. 2001), 223--236. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620210100200078 Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/09620210100200078.Google Scholar
- Robin van Rijthoven, Tijs Kleemans, Eliane Segers, and Ludo Verhoeven. 2018. Beyond the phonological deficit: Semantics contributes indirectly to decoding efficiency in children with dyslexia. Dyslexia, Vol. 24, 4 (2018), 309--321. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1597 _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dys.1597.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kerri Rinaldi. 2015. Disability in the writing center: A new approach (that's not so new). Praxis: A Writing Center Journal, Vol. 13, 1 (2015), 8--13.Google Scholar
- Niloufar Salehi, Jaime Teevan, Shamsi Iqbal, and Ece Kamar. 2017. Communicating Context to the Crowd for Complex Writing Tasks. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1890--1901. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998332Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bahareh Sarrafzadeh, Sujay Kumar Jauhar, Michael Gamon, Edward Lank, and Ryen W. White. 2021. Characterizing Stage-aware Writing Assistance for Collaborative Document Authoring. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 4, CSCW3 (Jan. 2021), 271:1--271:29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434180Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kristin L. Sayeski, Gentry A. Earle, Rosalie Davis, and Josie Calamari. 2019. Orton Gillingham: Who, What, and How. TEACHING Exceptional Children, Vol. 51, 3 (Jan. 2019), 240--249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918816996 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.Google Scholar
- Moniek M. H. Schaars, Eliane Segers, and Ludo Verhoeven. 2017. Word Decoding Development during Phonics Instruction in Children at Risk for Dyslexia. Dyslexia, Vol. 23, 2 (2017), 141--160. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1556 _eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dys.1556.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sami Schalk. 2017. Critical Disability Studies as Methodology. Lateral, Vol. 6 (May 2017). https://doi.org/10.25158/L6.1.13Google Scholar
- Betty B. Sheffield. 1991. The structured flexibility of Orton-Gillingham. Annals of Dyslexia, Vol. 41, 1 (Jan. 1991), 41--54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648077Google ScholarCross Ref
- Kristen Shinohara, Mick McQuaid, and Nayeri Jacobo. 2020. Access Differential and Inequitable Access: Inaccessibility for Doctoral Students in Computing. In The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '20).Google Scholar
- Kristen Shinohara, Mick McQuaid, and Nayeri Jacobo. 2021. The Burden of Survival: How Doctoral Students in Computing Bridge the Chasm of Inaccessibility. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Number 376. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445277Google ScholarDigital Library
- Linda S Siegel. 2006. Perspectives on dyslexia. Paediatrics & Child Health, Vol. 11, 9 (Nov. 2006), 581--587. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528651/Google ScholarCross Ref
- Christine Sleeter. 2010. Why Is There Learning Disabilities? A Critical Analysis of the Birth of the Field in Its Social Context. Disability Studies Quarterly, Vol. 30, 2 (June 2010). https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v30i2.1261 Number: 2.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. Estelle Smith, Xinyi Wang, Raghav Pavan Karumur, and Haiyi Zhu. 2018. [Un]breaking News: Design Opportunities for Enhancing Collaboration in Scientific Media Production. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173955Google ScholarDigital Library
- Margaret J. Snowling, Charles Hulme, and Kate Nation. 2020. Defining and understanding dyslexia: past, present and future. Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 46, 4 (July 2020), 501--513. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1765756 Publisher: Routledge _eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2020.1765756.Google Scholar
- Heeju Sohn. 2017. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Insurance Coverage: Dynamics of Gaining and Losing Coverage over the Life-Course. Population research and policy review, Vol. 36, 2 (April 2017), 181--201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11113-016--9416-yGoogle Scholar
- Lissa Stapleton. 2015. The Disabled Academy: The Experiences of Deaf Faculty at Predominantly Hearing Institutions. Thought & Action (2015).Google Scholar
- Susan Leigh Star and Anselm Strauss. 1999. Layers of Silence, Arenas of Voice: The Ecology of Visible and Invisible Work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), Vol. 8, 1 (March 1999), 9--30. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008651105359Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kevin M. Storer and Stacy M. Branham. 2019. "That's the Way Sighted People Do It": What Blind Parents Can Teach Technology Designers About Co-Reading with Children. In Proceedings of the 2019 on Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 385--398. https://doi.org/10.1145/3322276.3322374Google ScholarDigital Library
- Emma Sumner and Vincent Connelly. 2020. Writing and Revision Strategies of Students With and Without Dyslexia. Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 53, 3 (May 2020), 189--198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219419899090 Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.Google Scholar
- Jaime Teevan, Shamsi T. Iqbal, and Curtis von Veh. 2016. Supporting Collaborative Writing with Microtasks. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2657--2668. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858108Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anja Thieme, Cynthia L. Bennett, Cecily Morrison, Edward Cutrell, and Alex S. Taylor. 2018. "I can do everything but see!" -- How People with Vision Impairments Negotiate their Abilities in Social Contexts. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173777Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tanya Titchkosky. 2011. The Question of Access: Disability, Space, Meaning. University of Toronto Press. Google-Books-ID: 1k13q3QTeBcC.Google Scholar
- W. Tops, C. Callens, E. Van Cauwenberghe, J. Adriaens, and M. Brysbaert. 2013. Beyond spelling: the writing skills of students with dyslexia in higher education. Reading and Writing, Vol. 26, 5 (May 2013), 705--720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012--9387--2Google ScholarCross Ref
- Wim Tops, Maaike Callens, Jan Lammertyn, Valérie Van Hees, and Marc Brysbaert. 2012. Identifying students with dyslexia in higher education. Annals of Dyslexia, Vol. 62, 3 (Oct. 2012), 186--203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-012-0072--6Google ScholarCross Ref
- understood.org. [n.d.]. What Is Dyslexia? https://www.understood.org/en/learning-thinking-differences/child-learning-disabilities/dyslexia/what-is-dyslexiaGoogle Scholar
- Yvonne Vezzoli, Asimina Vasalou, and Kaska Porayska-Pomsta. 2017. Dyslexia in SNS: An Exploratory Study to Investigate Expressions of Identity and Multimodal Literacies. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 103:1--103:14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134738Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ashley Marie Walker and Michael A. DeVito. 2020. "'More gay' fits in better": Intracommunity Power Dynamics and Harms in Online LGBTQ+ Spaces. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1--15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376497Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dakuo Wang, Haodan Tan, and Tun Lu. 2017. Why Users Do Not Want to Write Together When They Are Writing Together: Users' Rationales for Today's Collaborative Writing Practices. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1, CSCW (Dec. 2017), 107:1--107:18. https://doi.org/10.1145/3134742Google ScholarDigital Library
- Emily Q. Wang and Anne Marie Piper. 2018. Accessibility in Action: Co-Located Collaboration among Deaf and Hearing Professionals. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 2, CSCW (Nov. 2018), 180:1--180:25. https://doi.org/10.1145/3274449Google ScholarDigital Library
- David R. Williams and Toni D. Rucker. 2000. Understanding and Addressing Racial Disparities in Health Care. Health Care Financing Review, Vol. 21, 4 (2000), 75--90. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4194634/Google Scholar
- Alice Wong and Nina G. 2019. Ep 57: Disabled Writers. https://disabilityvisibilityproject.com/2019/08/11/ep-57-disabled-writers/Google Scholar
- Shaomei Wu, Lindsay Reynolds, Xian Li, and Francisco Guzmán. 2019. Design and Evaluation of a Social Media Writing Support Tool for People with Dyslexia. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '19). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 516:1--516:14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300746 event-place: Glasgow, Scotland Uk.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Soobin Yim, Dakuo Wang, Judith Olson, Viet Vu, and Mark Warschauer. 2017. Synchronous Collaborative Writing in the Classroom: Undergraduates' Collaboration Practices and their Impact on Writing Style, Quality, and Quantity. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 468--479. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998356Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anon Ymous, Katta Spiel, Os Keyes, Rua M. Williams, Judith Good, Eva Hornecker, and Cynthia L. Bennett. 2020. "I am just terrified of my future" -- Epistemic Violence in Disability Related Technology Research. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '20). Association for Computing Machinery, Honolulu, HI, USA, 1--16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3381828Google ScholarDigital Library
- Christen Linke Young. 2020. There are clear, race-based inequalities in health insurance and health outcomes. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/usc-brookings-schaeffer-on-health-policy/2020/02/19/there-are-clear-race-based-inequalities-in-health-insurance-and-health-outcomes/Google Scholar
- Waganesh A. Zeleke, Tammy L. Hughes, and Natalie Drozda. 2019. Disparities in Diagnosis and Service Access for Minority Children with ASD in the United States. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 49, 10 (Oct. 2019), 4320--4331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04131--9Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yeshuang Zhu, Shichao Yue, Chun Yu, and Yuanchun Shi. 2017. CEPT: Collaborative Editing Tool for Non-Native Authors. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 273--285. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998306Google ScholarDigital Library
- Annuska Zolyomi, Anne Spencer Ross, Arpita Bhattacharya, Lauren Milne, and Sean A. Munson. 2018. Values, Identity, and Social Translucence: Neurodiverse Student Teams in Higher Education. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '18). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 499:1--499:13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174073Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zotero. [n.d.]. Zotero textbar Your personal research assistant. https://www.zotero.org/Google Scholar
Index Terms
- The Invisible Labor of Access in Academic Writing Practices: A Case Analysis with Dyslexic Adults
Recommendations
Text formats and web design for visually impaired and dyslexic readers-Clear Text for All
The Royal National Institute of the Blind (RNIB) has produced a Clear Print booklet, which contains recommendations for the production of Clear Print for the blind and partially sighted. The British Dyslexia Association (BDA) has produced a Dyslexia ...
Groupware Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities
UAHCI '09: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Applications and ServicesThe accessibility issues of Groupware applications prevent visually impaired and other persons with disabilities access to these highly graphical interfaces. To address the accessibility issues persons with disabilities have with Groupware, a recent ...
Testing web-based solutions for improving reading tasks in dyslexic and neuro-typical users
This study investigates the readability of web sites for users with dyslexia as well as neuro-typical readers. The aim of the paper is twofold: on the one hand, it is aimed at assessing whether and how we can improve the level of web pages accessibility ...
Comments