skip to main content
10.1145/3524010.3539499acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageshtConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Endorsement Analysis of Migrant-related Deliberations on YouTube: Prior to and During 2022 Ukrainian crisis

Published: 28 June 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Extant literature has noted that migrant-related deliberations on social media platforms are primarily associated with negative sentiments. However, the literature has rarely probed – whether these negative sentiments get endorsed by other users? If yes, does it depend on who the migrants are – especially if they are cultural others? The 2022 Ukrainian refugee crisis allows probing these intricate issues. We have analyzed 110,803 (prior to this 2022 crisis) and 21,453 (during this crisis) migrant-related comments on the YouTube platform. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between user endorsement and sentiments of these comments. Both datasets indicate that users endorse comments with positive sentiments and reveal a negative propensity to endorse hate speeches, i.e., comments that use swear words. However, the analysis of the recent dataset reveals a negative propensity to endorse comments with negative sentiments, but the earlier dataset indicates a positive propensity. Thus, the endorsement pattern of comments with negative sentiments may depend on who the migrants are!

References

[1]
Luis Aguirre and Emese Domahidi. 2021. Problematic Content in Spanish Language Comments in YouTube Videos about Venezuelan Refugees and Migrants. JQD 1, (September 2021).
[2]
Valerio Basile, Cristina Bosco, Elisabetta Fersini, Debora Nozza, Viviana Patti, Francisco Manuel Rangel Pardo, Paolo Rosso, and Manuela Sanguinetti. 2019. SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter. In Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation, Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 54–63.
[3]
Alexandre Bovet and Hernán A. Makse. 2019. Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nat Commun 10, 1 (December 2019), 7.
[4]
Carlos Arcila Calderón, Gonzalo de la Vega, and David Blanco Herrero. 2020. Topic Modeling and Characterization of Hate Speech against Immigrants on Twitter around the Emergence of a Far-Right Party in Spain. Social Sciences 9, 11 (October 2020), 188.
[5]
Erik Cambria, Yang Li, Frank Z. Xing, Soujanya Poria, and Kenneth Kwok. 2020. SenticNet 6: Ensemble Application of Symbolic and Subsymbolic AI for Sentiment Analysis. In Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management, ACM, Virtual Event Ireland, 105–114.
[6]
Laura Ceci. 2022. YouTube penetration in selected countries and territories 2022. Statista. Retrieved April 25, 2022 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1219589/youtube-penetration-worldwide-by-country/
[7]
Nathaniel Ming Curran and Hyun Tae. 2020. Digital Feminism and Affective Splintering: South Korean Twitter Discourse on 500 Yemeni Refugees. International Journal of Communication (2020), 14–19.
[8]
Marianne Hattar‐Pollara. 2019. Barriers to Education of Syrian Refugee Girls in Jordan: Gender‐Based Threats and Challenges. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 51, 3 (May 2019), 241–251.
[9]
Grace Hauck. Ukraine refugee crisis highlights racism in Europe, Poland. Retrieved April 25, 2022 from https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2022/03/03/ukraine-refugee-crisis-racism-european-union/9329667002/
[10]
Jennifer Hoewe, Cynthia Peacock, Bumsoo Kim, and Matthew Barnidge. 2020. The Relationship Between Fox News Use and Americans’ Policy Preferences Regarding Refugees and Immigrants. International Journal of Communication (2020).
[11]
Sylvia Jaki and Tom De Smedt. Right-wing German Hate Speech on Twitter: Analysis and Automatic Detection. 31.
[12]
Serhat Karakayali. 2018. The Flüchtlingskrise in Germany: Crisis of the Refugees, by the Refugees, for the Refugees. Sociology 52, 3 (June 2018), 606–611.
[13]
Saif Khalid. Q&A: Understanding Europe's response to Ukrainian refugee crisis | Russia-Ukraine war News | Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 25, 2022 from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/10/qa-why-europe-welcomed-ukrainian-refugees-but-not-syrians
[14]
Aparup Khatua and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2021. Analyzing European Migrant-related Twitter Deliberations. In Companion Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021, ACM, Ljubljana Slovenia, 166–170.
[15]
Aparup Khatua and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2021. Struggle to Settle down! Examining the Voices of Migrants and Refugees on Twitter Platform. In Companion Publication of the 2021 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ACM, Virtual Event USA, 95–98.
[16]
Aparup Khatua and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2022. Unraveling Social Perceptions & Behaviors towards Migrants on Twitter. 16th International Conference On Web And Social Media ICWSM (2022).
[17]
Aparup Khatua and Wolfgang Nejdl. 2022. Rites de Passage: Elucidating Displacement to Emplacement of Refugees on Twitter. 33rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media (HT ’22) (2022).
[18]
Ramona Kreis. 2017. #refugeesnotwelcome: Anti-refugee discourse on Twitter. Discourse & Communication 11, 5 (October 2017), 498–514.
[19]
Juan Pablo Latorre and Javier J. Amores. 2021. Topic modelling of racist and xenophobic YouTube comments. Analyzing hate speech against migrants and refugees spread through YouTube in Spanish. In Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM’21), ACM, Barcelona Spain, 456–460.
[20]
Douglas R. Leasure, Ridhi Kashyap, Francesco Rampazzo, Benjamin Elbers, Claire Dooley, Ingmar Weber, Masoomali Fatehkia, Maksym Bondarenko, Mark D. Verhagen, Arun Frey, Jiani Yan, Evelina Akimova, Alessandro Sorichetta, Andrew Tatem, and Melinda C. Mills. 2022. Ukraine Crisis: Monitoring population displacement through social media activity. SocArXiv.
[21]
Ju-Sung Lee and Adina Nerghes. 2018. Refugee or Migrant Crisis? Labels, Perceived Agency, and Sentiment Polarity in Online Discussions. Social Media + Society 4, 3 (July 2018), 205630511878563.
[22]
Raphael Ottoni, Evandro Cunha, Gabriel Magno, Pedro Bernardina, Wagner Meira Jr., and Virgílio Almeida. 2018. Analyzing Right-wing YouTube Channels: Hate, Violence and Discrimination. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science, ACM, Amsterdam Netherlands, 323–332.
[23]
Nazan Öztürk and Serkan Ayvaz. 2018. Sentiment analysis on Twitter: A text mining approach to the Syrian refugee crisis. Telematics and Informatics 35, 1 (April 2018), 136–147.
[24]
Shriphani Palakodety, Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh, and Jaime G. Carbonell. 2020. Voice for the Voiceless: Active Sampling to Detect Comments Supporting the Rohingyas. In Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence (2020), 454–462.
[25]
Endang Wahyu Pamungkas, Valerio Basile, and Viviana Patti. 2020. Do You Really Want to Hurt Me? Predicting Abusive Swearing in Social Media. In The 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (2020), 6237–6246.
[26]
Michelle Peterie and David Neil. 2020. Xenophobia towards asylum seekers: A survey of social theories. Journal of Sociology 56, 1 (March 2020), 23–35.
[27]
David Pope and Josephine Griffith. 2016. An Analysis of Online Twitter Sentiment Surrounding the European Refugee Crisis: In Proceedings of the 8th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Porto, Portugal, 299–306.
[28]
Manoel Horta Ribeiro, Raphael Ottoni, Robert West, Virgílio A. F. Almeida, and Wagner Meira. 2020. Auditing radicalization pathways on YouTube. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, ACM, Barcelona Spain, 131–141.
[29]
Luis N. Rivera-Pagán. 2012. Xenophilia or Xenophobia: Towards a Theology of Migration. The Ecumenical Review 64, 4 (December 2012), 575–589.
[30]
Christos Sagredos and Evelin Nikolova. 2022. ‘Slut I hate you’: A critical discourse analysis of gendered conflict on YouTube. JLAC (2022).
[31]
Manuela Sanguinetti, Fabio Poletto, Cristina Bosco, Viviana Patti, and Marco Stranisci. 2018. An italian twitter corpus of hate speech against immigrants. In Proceedings of the eleventh international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC) (2018).
[32]
Stefan Siersdorfer, Sergiu Chelaru, Wolfgang Nejdl, and Jose San Pedro. 2010. How useful are your comments?: analyzing and predicting youtube comments and comment ratings. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web - WWW ’10, ACM Press, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, 891.
[33]
Christoph Spörlein and Elmar Schlueter. 2021. Ethnic Insults in YouTube Comments: Social Contagion and Selection Effects During the German “Refugee Crisis.” European Sociological Review 37, 3 (May 2021), 411–428.
[34]
Lu Tang, Kayo Fujimoto, Muhammad (Tuan) Amith, Rachel Cunningham, Rebecca A Costantini, Felicia York, Grace Xiong, Julie A Boom, and Cui Tao. 2021. “Down the Rabbit Hole” of Vaccine Misinformation on YouTube: Network Exposure Study. J Med Internet Res 23, 1 (January 2021), e23262.
[35]
Yla R. Tausczik and James W. Pennebaker. 2010. The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 29, 1 (March 2010), 24–54.
[36]
Maximiliano Frías Vázquez and Francisco Seoane Pérez. 2019. Hate Speech in Spain Against Aquarius Refugees 2018 in Twitter. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality, ACM, León Spain, 906–910.
[37]
Bertie Vidgen, Tristan Thrush, Zeerak Waseem, and Douwe Kiela. 2021. Learning from the Worst: Dynamically Generated Datasets to Improve Online Hate Detection. arXiv:2012.15761 [cs] (June 2021). Retrieved December 16, 2021 from http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.15761
[38]
Fabio Del Vigna, Andrea Cimino, Felice Dell'Orletta, Marinella Petrocchi, and Maurizio Tesconi. 2017. Hate me, hate me not: Hate speech detection on Facebook. In Proceedings of the First Italian Conference on Cybersecurity (ITASEC17) (2017), 86–95.
[39]
Zeerak Waseem and Dirk Hovy. 2016. Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter. In Proceedings of the NAACL Student Research Workshop, Association for Computational Linguistics, San Diego, California, 88–93.
[40]
Greene William H. 2003. Econometric analysis.
[41]
n.d. Media Bias/Fact Check News. Media Bias/Fact Check. Retrieved April 25, 2022 from https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Ukrainian Refugees’ Differentiated Treatment: A Critical and Systematic ReviewGlobal Networks10.1111/glob.1250225:1Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
  • (2023)Why do we Hate Migrants?Proceedings of the 34th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media10.1145/3603163.3609040(1-10)Online publication date: 4-Sep-2023

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
OASIS '22: Proceedings of the 2022 Workshop on Open Challenges in Online Social Networks
June 2022
49 pages
ISBN:9781450392792
DOI:10.1145/3524010
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 28 June 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Funding Sources

  • European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program

Conference

HT '22
Sponsor:
HT '22: 33rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
June 28 - July 1, 2022
Barcelona, Spain

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)71
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)15
Reflects downloads up to 16 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Ukrainian Refugees’ Differentiated Treatment: A Critical and Systematic ReviewGlobal Networks10.1111/glob.1250225:1Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
  • (2023)Why do we Hate Migrants?Proceedings of the 34th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media10.1145/3603163.3609040(1-10)Online publication date: 4-Sep-2023

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Login options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media