Raymond Lister
ABSTRACT
I first describe my three-stage model of how novices understand code. In the first stage, the novice cannot trace code. In the second stage, the novice has mastered tracing, but, crucially, that is the only skill they have mastered. It is only when novices reach the third stage that they begin to reason about code in a more general, abstract way. Most programming instructors mistakenly assume that all students begin at the third stage. Having described the three-stage model, I then explore implications of the model for the design of eye movement studies. I also provide some pieces of code that would make for interesting eye movement studies.
- Raymond Lister, Elizabeth S. Adams, Sue C. Fitzgerald, William Fone, John Hamer, Morten Lindholm, Robert McCartney, Jan Erik Moström, Kate E Sanders, Otto Seppälä, Beth Simon, Lynda A Thomas (2004). A Multi-National Study of Reading and Tracing Skills in Novice Programmers. SIGSCE Bulletin, 36(4), 119--150. Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Raymond Lister, Beth Simon, Errol Thompson, Jacqueline L. Whalley, Christine Prasad (2006) Not seeing the forest for the trees: novice programmers and the SOLO taxonomy. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 38 (3), 118--122. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raymond Lister (2011). Concrete and Other Neo-Piagetian Forms of Reasoning in the Novice Programmer. Thirteenth Australasian Computer Education Conference, Perth. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raymond Lister (2016) Toward a Developmental Epistemology of Computer Programming. Keynote paper/address at Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education (WiPSCE), Münster, Germany, 13 - 15 Oct 2016. pp. 5--16. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Raymond Lister (2020) On the cognitive development of the novice programmer: and the development of a computing education researcher. Keynote paper/address at the 9th Computer Science Education Research Conference (CSERC '20). pp. 1--15. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Mike Lopez, Jacqueline L. Whalley, Phil Robbins, Raymond Lister (2008) Relationships between reading, tracing and writing skills in introductory programming. Fourth International Workshop on Computing Education Research (Sydney, Australia, September 6 - 7). ICER '08. ACM, New York, NY, 101--112. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Laurie Murphy, Sue Fitzgerald, Raymond Lister, and Renée McCauley. (2012). Ability to 'explain in plain english' linked to proficiency in computer-based programming. In Proceedings of the ninth annual international conference on computing education research (ICER '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 111--118. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Thomas Pelchen and Raymond Lister. 2019. On the Frequency of Words Used in Answers to Explain in Plain English Questions by Novice Programmers. In Proceedings of the Twenty-First Australasian Computing Education Conference (ACE '19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 11--20. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Juha Sorva. 2012. Visual program simulation in introductory programming education. (Doctoral dissertation). Aalto University, Espoo, Finland. ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-4625-9. https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/3534Google Scholar
- Donna Teague. 2015. Neo-Piagetian Theory and the Novice Programmer. Ph.D Thesis. Queensland University of Technology. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/86690/1/Donna_Teague_Thesis.pdfGoogle Scholar
- Lynda Thomas, Mark Ratcliffe, Benjy Thomasson. 2004 Scaffolding with object diagrams in first year programming classes: some unexpected results. SIGCSE Bull. 36, 1, pp 250--254. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Maarten W. van Someren, Yvonne F. Barnard, and Jacobijn A.C. Sandberg (1994). The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modelling Cognitive Processes. Academic Press.Google Scholar
- Anne Venables, Grace Tan, Raymond Lister. 2009. A Closer Look at Tracing, Explaining and Code Writing Skills in the Novice Programmer. International Computing Education Research Workshop (ICER), Berkeley, California, August 10--11, 117--128. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jacqueline L. Whalley, Raymond Lister, Errol Thompson, Tony Clear, Phil Robbins Phil, P K Ajith Kumar, Christine Prasad. 2006. An Australasian study of reading and comprehension skills in novice programmers, using the bloom and SOLO taxonomies. Proceedings of the 8th Australasian Conference on Computing Education, 243--252. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Wikipedia. 2022. Cargo cult programming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cargo_cult_programming [Accessed March 2022].Google Scholar
- Wikipedia. 2022. Programming by permutation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_by_permutation [Accessed March 2022].Google Scholar
- Wikipedia. 2022. Shotgun debugging. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_debugging [Accessed March 2022].Google Scholar
- Wikipedia. 2022. Voodoo programming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodoo_programming [Accessed March 2022].Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Some thoughts on designing eye movement studies for novice programmers
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