skip to main content
10.1145/3524501.3527608acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicseConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Gender equality in tech entrepreneurship: a systematic mapping study

Published: 23 December 2022 Publication History

Abstract

The largest gender gaps within entrepreneurship today are in the Information Technology (IT) sector, where male entrepreneurs are more than twice as likely as women to operate. The current gender gap in tech society needs to decrease, and more women who are involved in computer science through study or labor should consider tech entrepreneurship as a career path. This is crucial for developing technology suitable for the whole society.
That is why the research objective of this study is to provide information about the relation between IT and gender from the entrepreneurship point of view, using the Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) methodology for this purpose. The results obtained show the original research that exist on gender equality and tech entrepreneurship, in addition to a coverage of various challenges and success factors connected to female tech entrepreneurs. Likewise, they also revealed that there is still a lack of existing studies on the intersection of gender equality and tech entrepreneurship, but it is slowly increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to continue working in this area and the current success factors obtained from female tech entrepreneurs should work as guidelines to help women pursue a career within tech entrepreneurship.

References

[1]
Ruta Aidis. 2016. Business and occupational crowding: implications for female entrepreneurship development and success. In Cristina Díaz-García, Candida G. Brush, Elizabeth G. Gatewood, and Friederike Welter (Ed.). 2016. Women's Entrepreneurship in Global and Local Contexts. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK. 43--62.
[2]
Vebjørn Berg, Jørgen Birkeland, Anh Nguyen-Duc, Ilias O. Pappas, and Letizia Jaccheri. 2018. Software startup engineering: A systematic mapping study. Journal of Systems and Software 144, (Oct. 2018), 255--274.
[3]
Mark V. Cannice. 2019. Confidence among Silicon Valley Venture Capitalists Q3 2017--Q4 2018: Trends, Insights, and Tells. The Journal of Private Equity 22, 3 (Jun. 2019), 18--24.
[4]
Vinh Sum Chau and Chanell Quire. 2018. Back to the future of women in technology: insights from understanding the shortage of women in innovation sectors for managing corporate foresight. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 30, 6 (Sep. 2017), 747--764.
[5]
J. McGrath Cohoon, Vivek Wadhwa, and Lesa Mitchell. 2010. The Anatomy of an Entrepreneur: Are Successful Women Entrepreneurs Different from Men?. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Kansas City, MO, USA.
[6]
Orges Cico, Renata Souza, Letizia Jaccheri, Anh Nguyen Duc, and Ivan Machado. 2020. Startups Transitioning from Early to Growth Phase - A Pilot Study of Technical Debt Perception. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Software Business (ICSOB 2020). Springer, 102--117.
[7]
Kirsti Dautzenberg. 2012. Gender differences of business owners in technology-based firms. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4, 1 (Mar. 2012), 79--98.
[8]
Amanda B. Elam, Candida G. Brush, Patricia G. Greene, Benjamin Baumer, Monica Dean, René Heavlow, Babson College, Smith College, and Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA). 2019. Women's Entrepreneurship Report 2018/2019. Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA.
[9]
Leo Grünfeld. 2020. Female Entrepreneurship in the Nordics 2020 - A comparative study. Nordic Innovation, Oslo, Norway.
[10]
Letizia Jaccheri, Cristina Pereira, and Swetlana Fast. 2020. Gender Issues in Computer Science: Lessons Learnt and Reflections for the Future. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2020). IEEE, 9--16.
[11]
Jennifer E. Jennings and Michelle Provorny Cash. 2006. Women's entrepreneurship in Canada: Progress, puzzles and priorities. In Candida G. Brush, Nancy M. Carter, Elizabeth J. Gatewood, Patricia G. Greene, and Myra M. Hart. (Ed.). 2006. Growth-oriented Women Entrepreneurs and Their Businesses: A Global Research Perspective, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK. 53--87.
[12]
Barbara A. Kitchenham, David Budgen, and O. Pearl Brereton. 2010. The value of mapping studies - A participant-observer case study. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2010). ACM, 1--9.
[13]
Yekaterina Kovaleva, Sonja Hyrynsalmi, Andrey Saltan, and Jussi Kasurinen. 2021. A Study of Factors on Women from the Tech Sector and Entrepreneurship. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Business (ICSOB 2021). Springer, 137--151.
[14]
Nan Langowitz and Maria Minniti. 2007. The Entrepreneurial Propensity of Women. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 31, 3 (May 2007), 341--364.
[15]
Max Marmer, Bjoern Lasse Herrmann, Ertan Dogrultan, Ron Berman, Chuck Eesley, and Steve Blank. 2011. Startup Genome Report Extra on Premature Scaling. Startup Genome 10, (Mar. 2012), 1--59.
[16]
Martina McDonnell and Chantal Morley. 2015. Men and women in IT entrepreneurship: consolidating and deconstructing gender stereotypes. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 24, 1 (Dec. 2014), 41--61.
[17]
Kai Petersen, Robert Feldt, Shahid Mujtaba, and Michael Mattsson. 2008. Systematic Mapping Studies in Software Engineering. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2008). ACM, 68--77.
[18]
Kai Petersen, Sairam Vakkalanka, and Ludwik Kuzniarz. 2015. Guidelines for conducting systematic mapping studies in software engineering: An update. Information and Software Technology 64, (Aug. 2015), 1--18.
[19]
Sara Poggesi, Michela Mari, Luisa De Vita, and Lene Foss. 2020. Women entrepreneurship in STEM fields: literature review and future research avenues. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, 1 (Oct. 2019), 17--41.
[20]
Eric Ries and Jim Euchner. 2013. What Large Companies Can Learn from Startups. Research-Technology Management 56, 4 (Dec. 2015), 12--16.
[21]
Aidin Salamzadeh and Hiroko Kawamorita Kesim. 2015. Startup Companies: Life Cycle and Challenges. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship (EEE 2015). Elsevier, 1--11.
[22]
Diane Stanley. 2016. Ada Lovelace, Poet of Science: The First Computer Programmer. Simon and Schuster, New York, NY, USA.
[23]
United Nations. 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In Seventieth Session of the United Nations General Assembly. Resolution A/RES/70/1. United Nations, New York, NY, USA.
[24]
Ricardo Vinuesa, Hossein Azizpour, Iolanda Leite, Madeline Balaam, Virginia Dignum, Sami Domisch, Anna Felländer, Simone Daniela Langhans, Max Tegmark, and Francesco Fuso Nerini. 2020. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Communications 11, 1 (Jan. 2020), 1--10.
[25]
Claes Wohlin. 2014. Guidelines for Snowballing in Systematic Literature Studies and a Replication in Software Engineering. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE 2014). ACM, 1--10.
[26]
[S01] Agnieszka Łopatka. 2021. Entrepreneurial competencies of women ICT startup. Procedia Computer Science 192, (Oct. 2021), 5122--5129.
[27]
[S02] R. Sandra Schillo and Hassan Ebrahimi. 2021. Gender dimensions of digitalisation: a comparison of Venture Capital backed start-ups across fields. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, (Jun. 2021), 1--13.
[28]
[S03] Wei-Loon Koe. 2020. Data on technopreneurial intention among male and female university students: A comparison. Data in Brief 33, (Oct. 2020), 106423.
[29]
[S04] Vasiliki Vamvaka, Chrysostomos Stoforos, Theodosios Palaskas, and Charalampos Botsaris. 2020. Attitude toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention: dimensionality, structural relationships, and gender differences. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 9, 1 (Jan. 2020), 1--26.
[30]
[S05] Myonghee Kim, Sophiana Chua Abdullah, Nguyen Thi Bich Thuy, and Irene Boey. 2020. Female Entrepreneurship in the ICT Sector: Success Factors and Challenges. Asian Women 36, 2 (Jun. 2020), 43--72.
[31]
[S06] Yonjoo Cho, Soo Jeoung Han, Jiwon Park, and Hyounju Kang. 2020. Business Startups and Development of South Korean Women Entrepreneurs in the IT Industry. Advances in Developing Human Resources 22, 2 (Mar. 2020), 176--188.
[32]
[S07] Shirly Bar-Lev, Dizza Beimel, and Amit Rechavi. 2019. To be or not to be an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial tendencies and future orientation among male and female information-systems students. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 22, 5 (Jan. 2019), 1--13.
[33]
[S08] Asma I Aleidi and Daniel Chandran. 2019. Key Drivers for Women in Technology Entrepreneurship: Insights from Saudi Arabia. In Proceedings of the 23rd Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems: Secure ICT Platform for the 4th Industrial Revolution (PACIS 2019). Association for Information Systems (AIS), 1--14.
[34]
[S09] Tracy Weru, Joseph Sevilla, Bernard Chiira, Linda Kwamboka, Alexander Kennedy, and Sarah Oyungu. 2018. Promoting Women ICT Start-Ups to Accelerate Women's Economic Empowerment: A Case of Strathmore University-@ iBizAfrica. In Proceedings of the 2018 IST-Africa Week Conference (IST-Africa 2018). IEEE, 1--6.
[35]
[S10] Ioannis Sitaridis and Fotis Kitsios. 2018. Entrepreneurial Intentions in the field of IT: The role of gender typed personality and entrepreneurship education. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON 2018). IEEE, 1854--1859.
[36]
[S11] Marios A. Pappas, Athanasios S. Drigas, Yannis Papagerasimou, Helen Dimitriou, Nadia Katsanou, Sofia Papakonstantinou, and Zoi Karabatzaki. 2018. Female Entrepreneurship and Employability in the Digital Era: The Case of Greece. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 4, 2 (May 2018), 1--15.
[37]
[S12] Lynn Martin, Lucy Wright, Zuleika Beaven, and Harry Matlay. 2015. An unusual job for a woman? Female entrepreneurs in scientific, engineering and technology sectors. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, 4 (Jun. 2015), 539--556.
[38]
[S13] Martina McDonnell and Chantal Morley. 2015. Men and women in IT entrepreneurship: consolidating and deconstructing gender stereotypes. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 24, 1 (Dec. 2014), 41--61.
[39]
[S14] Elin Kubberød, Sally Jones, and Inger Beate Pettersen, I. B. (2021). Learning to not belong: entrepreneurial learning experiences of women high-tech entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 27, 8 (Sep. 2021), 1983--2008.
[40]
[S15] Yekaterina Kovaleva, Sonja Hyrynsalmi, Andrey Saltan, and Jussi Kasurinen. 2021. A Study of Factors on Women from the Tech Sector and Entrepreneurship. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Business (ICSOB 2021). Springer, 137--151.
[41]
[S16] Kirsti Dautzenberg. 2012. Gender differences of business owners in technology-based firms. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4, 1 (Mar. 2012), 79--98.
[42]
[S17] Sara Poggesi, Michela Mari, Luisa De Vita, and Lene Foss. 2020. Women entrepreneurship in STEM fields: literature review and future research avenues. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, 1 (Oct. 2019), 17--41.
[43]
[S18] Susan Marlow and Maura McAdam. 2015. Incubation or Induction? Gendered Identity Work in the Context of Technology Business Incubation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 39, 4 (Jul. 2015), 791--816.
[44]
[S19] Souha R. Ezzedeen and Jelena Zikic. 2012. Entrepreneurial experiences of women in Canadian high technology. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 4, 1 (Mar. 2012), 44--64.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Analysis of Strategies to Attract Female Talent in the Software Development IndustrySustainability10.3390/su1616676116:16(6761)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
  • (2024)Exploring Students’ Perceived Values, Cost, and Barriers for Inclusive and Diverse Entrepreneurial EcosystemsEntrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy10.1177/25151274241263070Online publication date: 23-Jun-2024
  • (2024)Massive Online Course on Entrepreneurship. Case StudyProcedia Computer Science10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.269246(226-235)Online publication date: 2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Gender equality in tech entrepreneurship: a systematic mapping study

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      GE@ICSE '22: Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Gender Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion in Software Engineering
      May 2022
      95 pages
      ISBN:9781450392945
      DOI:10.1145/3524501
      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Sponsors

      In-Cooperation

      • IEEE CS

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 23 December 2022

      Permissions

      Request permissions for this article.

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. entrepreneurship
      2. gender equality
      3. sustainability
      4. systematic mapping study
      5. technology

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article

      Funding Sources

      • Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union
      • Research Council of Norway

      Conference

      ICSE '22
      Sponsor:

      Upcoming Conference

      ICSE 2025

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)96
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)9
      Reflects downloads up to 16 Feb 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2024)Analysis of Strategies to Attract Female Talent in the Software Development IndustrySustainability10.3390/su1616676116:16(6761)Online publication date: 7-Aug-2024
      • (2024)Exploring Students’ Perceived Values, Cost, and Barriers for Inclusive and Diverse Entrepreneurial EcosystemsEntrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy10.1177/25151274241263070Online publication date: 23-Jun-2024
      • (2024)Massive Online Course on Entrepreneurship. Case StudyProcedia Computer Science10.1016/j.procs.2024.09.269246(226-235)Online publication date: 2024
      • (2024)Woven NarrativesEncyclopedia of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Spirituality10.1007/978-3-031-32257-0_129-1(1-11)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
      • (2023)GE@ICSEACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes10.1145/3573074.357309748:1(90-90)Online publication date: 17-Jan-2023

      View Options

      Login options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media