research-article

Loki: a unified multiphysics simulation framework for production

Authors:

Alexey Stomakhin,

Eston Schweickart,

Andrew MoffatAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), Volume 41, Issue 4

Article No.: 50, Pages 1 - 20

https://doi.org/10.1145/3528223.3530058

Published: 22 July 2022 Publication History

Abstract

We introduce Loki, a new framework for robust simulation of fluid, rigid, and deformable objects with non-compromising fidelity on any single element, and capabilities for coupling and representation transitions across multiple elements. Loki adapts multiple best-in-class solvers into a unified framework driven by a declarative state machine where users declare 'what' is simulated but not 'when,' so an automatic scheduling system takes care of mixing any combination of objects. This leads to intuitive setups for coupled simulations such as hair in the wind or objects transitioning from one representation to another, for example bulk water FLIP particles to SPH spray particles to volumetric mist. We also provide a consistent treatment for components used in several domains, such as unified collision and attachment constraints across 1D, 2D, 3D deforming and rigid objects. Distribution over MPI, custom linear equation solvers, and aggressive application of sparse techniques keep performance within production requirements. We demonstrate a variety of solvers within the framework and their interactions, including FLIPstyle liquids, spatially adaptive volumetric fluids, SPH, MPM, and mesh-based solids, including but not limited to discrete elastic rods, elastons, and FEM with state-of-the-art constitutive models. Our framework has proven powerful and intuitive enough for voluntary artist adoption and has delivered creature and FX simulations for multiple major movie productions in the preceding four years.

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Index Terms

Loki: a unified multiphysics simulation framework for production
1. Computing methodologies
  1. Computer graphics
    1. Animation
      1. Physical simulation
  2. Modeling and simulation
    1. Simulation types and techniques

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cover image ACM Transactions on Graphics

ACM Transactions on Graphics Volume 41, Issue 4

July 2022

1978 pages

ISSN:0730-0301

EISSN:1557-7368

DOI:10.1145/3528223

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Published: 22 July 2022

Published in TOG Volume 41, Issue 4

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Takahashi TBatty C(2025)A Primal-Dual Box-Constrained QP Pressure Poisson Solver With Topology-Aware Geometry-Inspired Aggregation AMGIEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics10.1109/TVCG.2024.337872531:4(2058-2072)Online publication date: Apr-2025
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https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641233.3664314
Xu LLiu ZDockhorn APerez-Liebana DWang JSong LBian J(2024)Higher Replay Ratio Empowers Sample-Efficient Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning2024 IEEE Conference on Games (CoG)10.1109/CoG60054.2024.10645658(1-8)Online publication date: 5-Aug-2024
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