skip to main content
10.1145/3534678.3539433acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageskddConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

A Spectral Representation of Networks: The Path of Subgraphs

Published:14 August 2022Publication History

ABSTRACT

Network representation learning has played a critical role in studying networks. One way to study a graph is to focus on its spectrum, i.e., the eigenvalue distribution of its associated matrices. Recent advancements in spectral graph theory show that spectral moments of a network can be used to capture the network structure and various graph properties. However, sometimes networks with different structures or sizes can have the same or similar spectral moments, not to mention the existence of the cospectral graphs. To address such problems, we propose a 3D network representation that relies on the spectral information of subgraphs: the Spectral Path, a path connecting the spectral moments of the network and those of its subgraphs of different sizes. We show that the spectral path is interpretable and can capture relationship between a network and its subgraphs, for which we present a theoretical foundation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the spectral path in applications such as network visualization and network identification.

References

  1. Béla Bollobás. 1990. Almost every graph has reconstruction number three. Journal of Graph Theory 14, 1 (1990), 1--4.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  2. Steve Butler and Jason Grout. 2010. A construction of cospectral graphs for the normalized Laplacian. arXiv preprint arXiv:1008.3646 (2010).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Steven Kay Butler. 2008. Eigenvalues and structures of graphs. Ph.D. Dissertation. UC San Diego.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Deepayan Chakrabarti, Yang Wang, Chenxi Wang, Jurij Leskovec, and Christos Faloutsos. 2008. Epidemic thresholds in real networks. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) 10, 4 (2008), 1--26.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Jeff Cheeger. 2015. A lower bound for the smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian. In Problems in analysis. Princeton University Press, 195--200.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Fan RK Chung and Fan Chung Graham. 1997. Spectral graph theory. Number 92. American Mathematical Soc.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. David Cohen-Steiner, Weihao Kong, Christian Sohler, and Gregory Valiant. 2018. Approximating the Spectrum of a Graph. In SIGKDD. ACM, 1263--1271.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Kun Dong, Austin R Benson, and David Bindel. 2019. Network density of states. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM SIGKDD. 1152--1161.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Shengmin Jin, Vir V Phoha, and Reza Zafarani. 2019. Network Identification and Authentication. In 2019 International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Shengmin Jin and Reza Zafarani. 2020. The Spectral Zoo of Networks: Embedding and Visualizing Networks with Spectral Moments. In Proceedings of the SIGKDD.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  11. Paul J Kelly et al. 1957. A congruence theorem for trees. Pacific J. Math. 7, 1 (1957), 961--968.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Jure Leskovec and Christos Faloutsos. 2006. Sampling from large graphs. In Proceedings of the SIGKDD. ACM, 631--636.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  13. Jure Leskovec and Andrej Krevl. 2014. SNAP Datasets: Stanford Large Network Dataset Collection. http://snap.stanford.edu/data.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Jan R Magnus and Heinz Neudecker. 2019. Matrix differential calculus with applications in statistics and econometrics. John Wiley & Sons.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Annamalai Narayanan, Mahinthan Chandramohan, Rajasekar Venkatesan, Lihui Chen, Yang Liu, and Shantanu Jaiswal. 2017. graph2vec: Learning distributed representations of graphs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.05005 (2017).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Peter V O'Neil. 1970. Ulam's conjecture and graph reconstructions. The American Mathematical Monthly 77, 1 (1970), 35--43.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  17. Edouard Pineau. 2019. Using Laplacian Spectrum as Graph Feature Representation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.00735 (2019).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. Ryan Rossi and Nesreen Ahmed. 2015. The Network Data Repository with Interactive Graph Analytics and Visualization.. In AAAI, Vol. 15. 4292--4293.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Allen J Schwenk. 1973. Almost all trees are cospectral. New directions in the theory of graphs (1973), 275--307.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Anton Tsitsulin, Davide Mottin, Panagiotis Karras, Alexander Bronstein, and Emmanuel Müller. 2018. Netlsd: hearing the shape of a graph. In KDD. 2347--2356.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. StanislawMUlam. 1960. A collection of mathematical problems. Vol. 8. Interscience Publishers.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. Saurabh Verma and Zhi-Li Zhang. 2017. Hunt for the unique, stable, sparse and fast feature learning on graphs. In NeurIPS. 88--98.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Richard C Wilson and Ping Zhu. 2008. A study of graph spectra for comparing graphs and trees. Pattern Recognition 41, 9 (2008), 2833--2841.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. R. Zafarani and H. Liu. 2009. Social Computing Data Repository at ASU. http://socialcomputing.asu.eduGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Yutao Zhang, Jie Tang, Zhilin Yang, Jian Pei, and Philip S Yu. 2015. Cosnet: Connecting heterogeneous social networks with local and global consistency. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD. ACM, 1485--1494.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library

Index Terms

  1. A Spectral Representation of Networks: The Path of Subgraphs

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        KDD '22: Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
        August 2022
        5033 pages
        ISBN:9781450393850
        DOI:10.1145/3534678

        Copyright © 2022 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 14 August 2022

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article

        Acceptance Rates

        Overall Acceptance Rate1,133of8,635submissions,13%

        Upcoming Conference

        KDD '24

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader