Salsabila Annisa Arista
ABSTRACT
Aging population is currently rising in the world, where the elderly population exceeds 7 percent of the total population. Elderly population, those who have reached the age of 60 or above, are continually increasing from year to year, which occurs globally, including in Indonesia. In general, elderly experience changes in their physical conditions, one of them is instability or falls. There are several studies stated that falls are one of the main causes of death due to accidents among the elderly and most likely happens in home environment, especially bathrooms. Previous studies conducted in several countries that studied about elderly friendly bathroom are found. However, research related to bathroom design for elderly in Indonesia is still considerably limited. This research aims to produce public bathroom design guidelines for elderly women based on anthropometric considerations. Posture analysis using RULA, LBA, and OWAS are performed to evaluate the design guidelines. The posture evaluation results show that all postures when conducting several activities in the bathroom are acceptable, thus it can be concluded that the public bathroom design guidelines are suitable to be used by Indonesian elderly women. The results of this research are expected to be a guide for designing elderly-friendly public bathroom, especially for older women, that can be implemented in nursing homes in Indonesia.
- Badan Pusat Statistik, “Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia,” 2020.Google Scholar
- D. Dekker, S. N. Buzink, J. F. M. Molenbroek, and R. de Bruin, “Hand supports to assist toilet use among the elderly,” Appl. Ergon., vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 109–118, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2005.07.010.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. S. Jones, C. L. Dunn, D. S. Wu, J. C. Joseph, D. Kile, and T. N. Robinson, “Relationship between asking an older adult about falls and surgical outcomes,” JAMA Surg., vol. 148, no. 12, pp. 1132–1138, 2013, doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.2741.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. Rosen, K. A. Mack, and R. K. Noonan, “Slipping and tripping: fall injuries in adults associated with rugs and carpets,” J. Inj. Violence Res., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 61–65, 2013, doi: 10.5249/jivr.v5i1.177.Google ScholarCross Ref
- World Health Organization, “Falls,” World Health Organization, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls. [Accessed: 06-Jun-2021].Google Scholar
- U. Y. Yeong, S. Y. Tan, J. F. Yap, and W. Y. Choo, “Prevalence of falls among community-dwelling elderly and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study in Perak, Malaysia,” Malaysian Fam. Physician, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 7–14, 2016.Google Scholar
- N. Sahril, T. Aris, and A. Roslinah, “Home injury among elderly population in Malaysia,” Int. J. Curr. Res., vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 38820–38824, 2016.Google Scholar
- K. H. Lim , “Risk factors of home injury among elderly people in Malaysia,” Asian J. Gerontol. Geriatr., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 16–20, 2013.Google Scholar
- C. R. Gale, L. D. Westbury, C. Cooper, and E. M. Dennison, “Risk factors for incident falls in older men and women: The English longitudinal study of ageing,” BMC Geriatr., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2018, doi: 10.1186/s12877-018-0806-3.Google ScholarCross Ref
- V. C. Chang and M. T. Do, “Risk factors for falls among seniors: Implications of gender,” Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 181, no. 7, pp. 521–531, 2015, doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu268.Google ScholarCross Ref
- World Health Organization, “World report and Ageing on Health,” 2015.Google Scholar
- P. M. Cawthon, “Gender differences in osteoporosis and fractures,” Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res., vol. 469, no. 7, pp. 1900–1905, 2011, doi: 10.1007/s11999-011-1780-7.Google ScholarCross Ref
- World Health Organization, “WHO Global Report on Falls Prevention in Older Age,” 2007.Google Scholar
- T. Kaewdok, S. Sirisawasd, S. Norkaew, and S. Taptagaporn, “Application of anthropometric data for elderly-friendly home and facility design in Thailand,” Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 80, no. September, p. 103037, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2020.103037.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. H. Romli, M. P. Tan, L. Mackenzie, M. Lovarini, P. Suttanon, and L. Clemson, “Falls amongst older people in Southeast Asia: a scoping review,” Public Health, vol. 145, pp. 96–112, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.035.Google ScholarCross Ref
- I. H. Susilowati, B. P. Hasiholan, and C. Satrya, “Environmental hazards in elderly nursing homes in Jakarta, Indonesia,” ASM Sci. J., vol. 13, no. Specialissue5, pp. 142–148, 2020.Google Scholar
- J. A. Stevens, J. E. Mahoney, and H. Ehrenreich, “Circumstances and outcomes of falls among high risk community-dwelling older adults,” Inj. Epidemiol., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2014, doi: 10.1186/2197-1714-1-5.Google ScholarCross Ref
- R. Han, D. Shao, and Y. X. Wang, “Design of senior family bathroom system based on demand theory,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 179, pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202017902080.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Wang, J. Wu, and Q. Lin, “A novel method for designing and optimizing the layout of facilities in bathroom for the elderly in home-based rehabilitation,” Disabil. Rehabil. Assist. Technol., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 333–341, 2018, doi: 10.1080/17483107.2017.1319426.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Afifi, M. Al-Hussein, and A. Bouferguene, “Geriatric bathroom design to minimize risk of falling for older adults- A systematic review,” Eur. Geriatr. Med., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 598–603, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.eurger.2015.05.004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Rashid, M. Hussain, R. Yusuff, and S. Norazizan Syed Abd Rashid, “Designing homes for the elderly based on the anthropometry of older Malaysians,” Asian J Gerontol Geriatr Asian J. Gerontol. Geriatr., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 75–83, 2008.Google Scholar
- M. J. Kennedy, A. Arcelus, P. Guitard, R. A. Goubran, and H. Sveistrup, “Toilet grab-bar preference and center of pressure deviation during toilet transfers in healthy seniors, seniors with hip replacements, and seniors having suffered a stroke,” Assist. Technol., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 78–87, 2015, doi: 10.1080/10400435.2014.976799.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. S. Nagananda , “Design and pragmatic studies of bathroom for elderly people in India,” WSEAS Trans. Biol. Biomed., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 287–305, 2010.Google Scholar
- S. Annisa Arista and B. Muhamad Iqbal, “Designing an Ergonomic Bathroom for Elderly,” PervasiveHealth Pervasive Comput. Technol. Healthc., pp. 208–214, 2020, doi: 10.1145/3429551.3429574.Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. R. Octavia and S. Gunawan, “Participatory Redesign of Bathrooms for Elderly People Living in Indonesian Retirement Homes,” in 3rd South East Asia Network of Ergonomics Society International Conference, Singapore, 2014.Google Scholar
- N. Rahmawati, A. Widyanti, and B. C. Jiang, “Daily life, anthropometry and bedroom design of Indonesian elderly,” J. Access. Des. All, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 161–179, 2020, doi: 10.17411/jacces.v10i1.217.Google ScholarCross Ref
- B. P. Hasiholan, I. H. Susilowati, and C. Satrya, “The conformity of anthropometric measurements of bathroom and bedroom designs for independent elderly at panti sosial tresna werdha (PSTW)* Budi mulia i Jakarta in 2018,” J. Access. Des. All, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25–40, 2019, doi: 10.17411/jacces.v9i1.200.Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Hartono, “Indonesian anthropometry update for special populations incorporating Drillis and Contini revisited,” Int. J. Ind. Ergon., vol. 64, pp. 89–101, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2018.01.004.Google ScholarCross Ref
- J. P. Higgins, T. Li, and J. J. Deeks, Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect, 2nd Editio. Chichester (UK): John Wiley & Sons, 2019.Google Scholar
- J. F. M. Molenbroek and R. De Bruin, “Anthropometrical aspects of a friendly rest room,” Assist. technol. Res. Ser., vol. 27, no. January, pp. 228–241, 2011, doi: 10.3233/978-1-60750-752-9-228.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Penn State Eberly College of Science, “Bootstrapping,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://online.stat.psu.edu/stat555/node/119/.Google Scholar
- C. Y. Wang and D. C. Cai, “Hand tool handle design based on hand measurements,” MATEC Web Conf., vol. 119, pp. 1–5, 2017, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201711901044.Google ScholarCross Ref
- F. Rebelo and M. Soares, Advances in Ergonomics In Design, Usability & Special Populations: Part II. AHFE Conference, 2014, 2014.Google Scholar
- Scooms, “Towel size guide.” [Online]. Available: https://scooms.com/blogs/towels/towel-size-guide.Google Scholar
- Schiesser, “Shower Towels.” [Online]. Available: https://www.schiesser.com/en/living-towels-shower-towels/.Google Scholar
- Bathrobe Depot, “The Ultimate Towel Size Chart to Help You Buy The Best Towels,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.bathrobedepot.com/blogs/guides/the-ultimate-towel-size-chart.Google Scholar
- National Kitchen & Bath Association, “Bathroom Planning Guidelines,” 2012.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Designing an Ergonomic Bathroom for Elderly
ICIBE '20: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Industrial and Business EngineeringGenerally, the elderly face a decline in physical, psychomotor, and sensory abilities. As a result of those changing conditions, the elderly have different needs compared to those who are younger. Most of the facilities in elderly homes still use the ...
Evolution of Smart Homes for the Elderly
WWW '17 Companion: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web CompanionSmart home technology provides benefits for the elderly in six primary categories: safety, health and nutrition, physical activity, personal hygiene and care, social engagement, and leisure. Safety is about detecting and mitigating, if not removing, ...
An ontology-based approach to ADL recognition in smart homes
This paper presents a method for recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in smart homes. Recognition of activities of daily living and tracking them can provide unprecedented opportunities for health monitoring and assisted living applications, ...
Comments