Quanwei Cai
ABSTRACT
Varicose veins in the lower extremities are enlarged and tortuous veins in the lower extremities and are a common surgical condition, affecting people over a wide age range. Venous tortuosity caused by varicose veins in lower extremities would alter the local wall shear stress (WSS) and may become a risk factor for venous thrombosis. In this study, a realistic model of lower limb veins was reconstructed based on denoised and enhanced ABUS images. Mimics Research 21.0 and Geomagic Wrap 2017 were used to perform a 3D reconstruction of the Preprocessed images. The time-averaged WSS (TAWSS), the oscillatory shear index (OSI), the transverse WSS (transWSS), and the relative residence time (RRT) of the reconstructed 3D model were investigated in Ansys Fluent 2021R1 (Ansys Inc.) using computational fluid dynamics methods(CFD). We relate the centerline radius (CLR) of the morphological parameters to the above four parameters. From the results, it is clear that CLR has a great impact on the distributions of the WSS-derived parameters. In regions with smaller CLR, low TAWSS, and high OSI abnormal regions appear in the inner wall of the curved segment. It is also evident in the RRT plots that flow disturbances are seen in small CLR region. Compared with OSI and TAWSS, transWSS is more sensitive to abnormal regions. TransWSS has basically the same distribution as RRT distribution. The results showed that regions accompanied by small CLR would lead to the formation of abnormal MASS regions at the bend sections and provide these regions with favorable conditions for the onset and/or progression of venous thrombosis. It could help advance the use and promotion of hemodynamics in the clinical setting through this analysis process. Due to the limitations of ultrasound technology, in some cases the ultrasound image may not directly reveal the lesion, but the presence and location of the lesion can be determined by haemodynamics. The diagnostic method proposed in this paper has great potential in the diagnosis of varicose veins in the lower limbs. It can help the practitioner to better understand the patient's condition.
- WANG, M. and SHARMA, A.K., 2019. Varicose Veins. Journal of Radiology Nursing 38, 3, 150-154. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradnu.2019.04.004.Google Scholar
Cross Ref
- RAFFETTO, J.D. and KHALIL, R.A., 2008. Mechanisms of varicose vein formation: valve dysfunction and wall dilation. Phlebology 23, 2, 85-98.Google ScholarCross Ref
- MOREWOOD, S., 2005. Present of varicose veins of the legs'treatment. Journal of Jilin Military Medical College Fourth Military Medical University.Google Scholar
- YANG, H.X., ZHANG, H., TIAN, L., and ULTRASOUND, D.O., 2018. Application Value of Ultrasound Automatic Volumetric Tomography in Varicose Veins of Lower Extremities. Biped and Health.Google Scholar
- CHEN, Y., CHEN, L., ZHU, J., PANG, Y., and ZHAN, W.W., 2011. Expanding application of automated breast volume scanner of ultrasound in superficial tissues. Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology 27, 9, 1734-1738.Google Scholar
- ZHU, J., CHEN, Y., ZHU, L.L., PANG, Y., and CHAI, Q.L., 2011. Application of automated volume scanner system in varicose vein of lower limbs. Chinese Journal of Medical Imaging Technology 27, 9, 1743-1746.Google Scholar
- DIAO, X., CHEN, Y., CHEN, L., PANG, Y., and ZHU, J., 2012. Automated Volume Scanner System Ultrasonography for Evaluation of Varicose Veins of the Lower Extremities. Journal of International Medical Research 40, 6, 2160-2166. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030006051204000614.Google ScholarCross Ref
- CAI- FENG , S.I., CUI, K.F., CHAO, F.U., XIAO-FANG, Y.U., HUANG, Y.J., and ULTRASOUND, D.O., 2014. The role of automated breast volume scanner in the diagnosis of calf muscular venous thrombosis. Journal of China Clinic Medical Imaging.Google Scholar
- XIE, X., WANG, Y., ZHU, H., and ZHOU, J., 2014. Computation of hemodynamics in tortuous left coronary artery: a morphological parametric study. J Biomech Eng 136, 10 (Oct), 101006. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4028052.Google ScholarCross Ref
- CARRIZO, S., XIE, X., PEINADO-PEINADO, R., SáNCHEZ-RECALDE, A., JIMéNEZ-VALERO, S., GALEOTE-GARCIA, G., and MORENO, R., 2014. Functional assessment of coronary artery disease by intravascular ultrasound and computational fluid dynamics simulation. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia 33, 10, 645.e641-645.e644. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2014.03.013.Google ScholarCross Ref
- HSU, C.-P.D., HUTCHESON, J.D., and RAMASWAMY, S., 2020. Oscillatory fluid-induced mechanobiology in heart valves with parallels to the vasculature. Vascular Biology 2, 1, R59-R71. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/vb-19-0031.Google ScholarCross Ref
- MOHAMIED, Y., ROWLAND, E.M., BAILEY, E.L., SHERWIN, S.J., SCHWARTZ, M.A., and WEINBERG, P.D., 2015. Change of Direction in the Biomechanics of Atherosclerosis. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 43, 1, 16-25. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-014-1095-4.Google ScholarCross Ref
- SOULIS, J.V., LAMPRI, O.P., FYTANIDIS, D.K., and GIANNOGLOU, G.D., Relative residence time and oscillatory shear index of non-Newtonian flow models in aorta IEEE. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwbe.2011.6079011.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Three dimensional numerical analysis of hemodynamic of stenosed artery considering realistic outlet boundary conditions
Highlights- The outlets LSA and LCCA greatly influence the flow dynamic structure within the stenosed aortic arch.
Abstract Background and objectiveMortality rate increases globally among which one third is due to diseased blood vessels. Due to late diagnoses of the disease in vessels (severe stenoses), qualitative and rapid assessment becomes ...
Dynamic variation of hemodynamic shear stress on the walls of developing chick hearts: computational models of the heart outflow tract
Heart morphogenesis and growth are influenced by hemodynamic forces (wall shear stress and blood pressure) acting on the walls of the heart. Mechanisms by which hemodynamic forces affect heart development are not well understood, in part because of ...
Hemodynamic alternations following stent deployment and post-dilation in a heavily calcified coronary artery: In silico and ex-vivo approaches
AbstractIn this work, hemodynamic alterations in a patient-specific, heavily calcified coronary artery following stent deployment and post-dilations are quantified using in silico and ex-vivo approaches. Three-dimensional artery models were ...
Highlights- CFD, integrated with FEM, were adopted to study the hemodynamic alternations following stenting and post-dilations.
Comments