Katerina Vichova
ABSTRACT
Disruption of the critical infrastructure element can seriously impact the security of the state, the necessities of the population, and the state's economy. One essential element of infrastructure is healthcare. Due to the large concentration of inhabitants, the healthcare system can target terrorist attacks. These attacks may be by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. The aim of the paper is to assess the hospital's preparedness to solve terrorist attacks. Secondly, the case study for the selected hospital in the Czech Republic was prepared. Heuristic preparedness analysis and TerEx software were selected for the preparing results. Based on the analytical method, we get an idea of the preparedness system to solve terrorist attacks in hospitals and vulnerabilities. TerEx software is used for the mathematical model of the case study. The preparedness of individual hospitals varies in the Czech Republic. Therefore, it is essential that hospitals, as elements of critical infrastructure, reduce the risk of terrorist attacks using CBRN weapons.
- Babar, A. H. K., Ali, Y. (2022). „Framework construction for augmentation of resilience in critical infrastructure: Developing countries a case in point“. Technology in Society, 68: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101809Google Scholar
- Arlainis, A., Ornai, D., Levy, R., Vilnay, O., Shohet, I. M. (2022). „Loss and damage assessment in critical infrastructures due to extreme events“. Safety Science, 147: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105587Google Scholar
- Kampova, K., Lovecek, T., Rehak, D. (2020). „Quantitative approach to physical protection systems assessment of critical infrastructure elements: Use case in the Slovak Republic“. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 30: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2020.100376Google ScholarCross Ref
- Rehak, D., Markuci, J., Hromada, M., Barcova, K. (2016). „Quantitative evaluation of the synergistic effects of failures in a critical infrastructure system“. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 14: 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2016.06.002Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rehak, D., Hromada, M., Onderkova, V., Walker, N., Clemente, F. (2022). „Dynamic robustness modelling of electricity critical infrastructure elements as a part of energy security“. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 136: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107700Google ScholarCross Ref
- Rinaldi, S. M., Peerenboom, J. P., Kelly, T. K. (2001). „Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies“. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 21(6): 11-25. https://doi.org/10.1109/37.969131Google ScholarCross Ref
- Brabcova, V., Slivkova, S., Rehak, D., Toseroni, F., Havko, J. (2018). Assessing the Cascading Effect of Energy and Transport Critical Infrastructure Elements: Case Study“. Communications, 2(20): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2018.2.8-15Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cavaliere, G. A., Alfalasi, R., Jasani, G. N., Ciottone, G. R., Lawner, B. J. (2021). „Terrorist Attacks Against Healthcare Facilities: A Review“. Health Security, 19(5). https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2021.0004Google Scholar
- Gates, J. D. (2014). „The Initial Response to the Boston Marathon Bombing Lessons Learned to Prepare for the Next Disaster“. Annals of Surgery, 260(6): 960-966. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000000914Google ScholarCross Ref
- Splichalova, A., Rehak, D., Valasek, J., Paulus, F. (2020). „Measuring Resilience in Emergency Service Critical Infrastructure Elements in the Context of the Population Protection“. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 82: 61-66. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET2082011Google Scholar
- Morton, H., Johnson, Ch. (2021). „Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear major incidents“. Surgery (Oxford), 39(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2021.05.005Google Scholar
- Hu, X., Chen, H., Yu, M. (2020). „Exploring the non-technical competencies for on-scene public health responders in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear emergencies: a qualitative study“. Public Health, 183: 23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.015Google ScholarCross Ref
- Long, F., Bateman, G., Majumdar, A. (2020). „The impact of fire and rescue service first responders on participant behaviour during chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)/Hazmat incidents“. International Journal of Emergency Services, 9(3): 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-06-2019-0027Google ScholarCross Ref
- Choudary, S., Asghar, M. U. (2021). „CBRN Events and Crisis Communication: Analysis of Training Needs and Development of Curriculum for Communication Personnel“. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 11(4): 337-343. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.110406Google ScholarCross Ref
- Critical Infrastructure Protection: Risk Management in Hospital. (2008). Federal Office for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief. Bonn, Germany.Google Scholar
- Matousek, J., Linhart, P. (2005). CBRN Chemical Weapon. Ostrava, Czech Republic.Google Scholar
- Petersen, L., Havarneanu, G., McCrone, N., Markarian, G., Kolev, G. (2021). „Universal Design & the PROACTIVE Project CBRNe App“. In Proceedings of the 18th ISCRAM Conference – Blacksburg, VA, USA, 959-966.Google Scholar
Recommendations
Critical Infrastructure Awareness Required by Civil Emergency Planning
IWCIP '05: Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Critical Infrastructure ProtectionModern societies are increasingly dependent on a set of critical products and services which comprise the Critical Infrastructure (CI). This makes Critical infrastructures increasingly important as a planning factor in case of emergencies. For that ...
A survey SCADA of and critical infrastructure incidents
RIIT '12: Proceedings of the 1st Annual conference on Research in information technologyIn this paper, we analyze several cyber-security incidents involving critical infrastructure and SCADA systems. We classify these incidents based on Source Sector, Method of Operations, Impact, and Target Sector. Using this standardized taxonomy we can ...
Critical infrastructure protection: The vulnerability conundrum
Critical infrastructure and key resources (CIKR) refer to a broad array of assets which are essential to the everyday functionality of social, economic, political and cultural systems in the United States. The interruption of CIKR poses significant ...
Comments