Ke Guan
ABSTRACT
Looking to 2030 and beyond, revolutionary enhancement of transmission rates in the sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) is required to meet the challenge of increasing communication traffic. The terahertz (THz) band providing ultra-wide bandwidth is promising to address the spectrum scarcity and capacity limitations of current wireless systems. However, when the frequency increases to the THz band, a surface that is considered smooth at low frequencies will become rough for THz waves. Then, scattering on rough surfaces is more dominant for wave propagation. The directive scattering (DS) model is widely used to characterize the scattering mechanism. Nevertheless, the DS model can only characterize the shape of the scattering lobe and cannot portray the effect of microstructures. Given the limitations of the existing DS model, there is an urgent need for an enhanced model to characterize the scattering mechanism in the THz band. In this paper,we first use the full-wave simulation method to obtain extensive data to support the modeling of the scattering mechanism. Then, based on full-wave simulations and the DS model, we propose a modified DS model to reconstruct the scattering distribution in the incidence plane. The modified DS model characterizes the scattering of rough surfaces and shows good agreement with the simulation results. In the future, the modified DS model, which only applies to the incidence plane in this paper, will be extended to a three-dimensional (3D) model with the magnitude, phase, and polarization incorporated. Finally, the modified 3D DS model will be integrated into ray-tracing simulation methods and further support the standardization of THz channel modeling.
- 3GPP. 2022. Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz. Technical Report (TR) 38.901. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=3173 Version 17.0.0.Google Scholar
- Christina Chaccour, Mehdi Naderi Soorki, Walid Saad, Mehdi Bennis, Petar Popovski, and Merouane Debbah. 2022. Seven Defining Features of Terahertz (THz) Wireless Systems: A Fellowship of Communication and Sensing. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 24, 2 (2022), 967--993. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yi Chen and Chong Han. 2019. Channel Modeling and Characterization for Wireless Networks-on-Chip Communications in the Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Bands. IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications 5, 1 (2019), 30--43. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Yi Chen, Yuanbo Li, Chong Han, Ziming Yu, and Guangjian Wang. 2021. Channel Measurement and Ray-Tracing-Statistical Hybrid Modeling for Low-Terahertz Indoor Communications. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 20, 12 (2021), 8163--8176. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Zhi Chen, Xinying Ma, Bo Zhang, Yaxin Zhang, Zhongqian Niu, Ningyuan Kuang, Wenjie Chen, Lingxiang Li, and Shaoqian Li. 2019. A survey on terahertz communications. China Communications 16, 2 (2019), 1--35. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vittorio Degli-Esposti, Franco Fuschini, Enrico M. Vitucci, and Gabriele Falciasecca. 2007. Measurement and Modelling of Scattering From Buildings. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, 1 (2007), 143--153. Google ScholarCross Ref
- M. Ebrahimkhani and M. H. Arbab. 2018. Extraction of THz Absorption Signatures Obscured by Rough Surface Scattering Using Discrete Wavelet Transform. In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). 1--2. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hadeel Elayan, Osama Amin, Basem Shihada, Raed M. Shubair, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. 2020. Terahertz Band: The Last Piece of RF Spectrum Puzzle for Communication Systems. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 1 (2020), 1--32. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Xiang Gao, Saqlain Muhammad, Xiaoxiao Cao, Shiwei Wang, Kexin Liu, Hangkai Zhang, and Xianbin Yu. 2020. Towards Converged Millimeter-Wave/TerahertzWireless Communication and Radar Sensing. ZTE Communications 18, 1, Article 73 (2020), 9 pages. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ke Guan, Danping He, and Zhangdui Zhong. 2021. CloudRT: A Chinese example of open science infrastructure and services. Cultures of Science 4, 4 (2021).Google Scholar
- Ke Guan, Haofan Yi, Danping He, Bo Ai, and Zhangdui Zhong. 2021. Towards 6G: Paradigm of realistic terahertz channel modeling. China Communications 18, 5 (2021), 1--18. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Chong Han, YiqinWang, Yuanbo Li, Yi Chen, Naveed A. Abbasi, Thomas Kurner, and Andreas F. Molisch. 2022. Terahertz Wireless Channels: A Holistic Survey on Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials (2022), 1--1. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Danping He, Bo Ai, Ke Guan, Longhe Wang, Zhangdui Zhong, and Thomas Kurner. 2019. The Design and Applications of High-Performance Ray-Tracing Simulation Platform for 5G and Beyond Wireless Communications: A Tutorial. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 21, 1 (2019), 10--27. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Md Tanvir Hossan and Hina Tabassum. 2022. Mobility-Aware Performance in Hybrid RF and Terahertz Wireless Networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications 70, 2 (2022), 1376--1390. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Altair Engineering Inc. 2022. Overview of Feko. https://www.altair.com/feko/Google Scholar
- Joonas Kokkoniemi, Josep M. Jornet, Vitaly Petrov, Yevgeni Koucheryavy, and Markku Juntti. 2021. Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of Airplane-Satellite Terahertz Band Communications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, 3 (2021), 2047--2061. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shanyun Liu, Xianbin Yu, Rongbin Guo, Yajie Tang, and Zhifeng Zhao. 2021. THz channel modeling: Consolidating the road to THz communications. China Communications 18, 5 (2021), 33--49. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gianni Pasolini and Davide Dardari. 2015. Secret Information of Wireless Multi-Dimensional Gaussian Channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 14, 6 (2015), 3429--3442. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Theodore S. Rappaport, Yunchou Xing, Ojas Kanhere, Shihao Ju, Arjuna Madanayake, Soumyajit Mandal, Ahmed Alkhateeb, and Georgios C. Trichopoulos. 2019. Wireless Communications and Applications Above 100 GHz: Opportunities and Challenges for 6G and Beyond. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 78729--78757. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hadi Sarieddeen, Mohamed-Slim Alouini, and Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri. 2021. An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Terahertz Communications. Proc. IEEE 109, 10 (2021), 1628--1665. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Hadi Sarieddeen, Nasir Saeed, Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri, and Mohamed-Slim Alouini. 2020. Next Generation Terahertz Communications: A Rendezvous of Sensing, Imaging, and Localization. IEEE Communications Magazine 58, 5 (2020), 69--75. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Javad Sayehvand and Hina Tabassum. 2020. Interference and Coverage Analysis in Coexisting RF and Dense TeraHertz Wireless Networks. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 9, 10 (2020), 1738--1742. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fawad Sheikh, Yamen Zantah, Ismail Ben Mabrouk, Mai Alissa, Jan Barowski, Ilona Rolfes, and Thomas Kaiser. 2021. Scattering and Roughness Analysis of Indoor Materials at Frequencies from 750 GHz to 1.1 THz. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 69, 11 (2021), 7820--7829. Google ScholarCross Ref
- Pengxiang Xie, Jianw Dou, Ke Guan, Haofan Yi, and Danping He. 2022. A Modified Directional Scattering Model for Rough Surfaces in the Terahertz Band. In Special Session 2: Channel Modeling and Signal Processing for Terahertz Communications, Sensing and Localization of 2022 Joint European Conference on Networks and Communications & 6G Summit (EuCNC/6G Summit SS2).Google Scholar
- Pengxiang Xie, Ke Guan, Danping He, Haofan Yi, Jianwu Dou, and Zhangdui Zhong. 2022. Terahertz Wave Propagation Characteristics on Rough Surfaces Based on Full-Wave Simulations. Radio Science 57, 6 (2022). Google ScholarCross Ref
- Haofan Yi, Ke Guan, Danping He, Bo Ai, Jianwu Dou, Zhengrong Lai, and Zhangdui Zhong. 2021. Terahertz Channel Measurement and Characterization on a Desktop from 75 to 400 GHz. In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT). 756--761. Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- On the modeling of scattering mechanisms of rough surfaces at the terahertz band: invited paper
Recommendations
Integrated Si Lens Antenna with Planar Log Spiral Feed for THz Band
ICCCE '14: Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Computer and Communication EngineeringA hybrid antenna is used to design a mixer in the heterodyne receiver for THz range application to increase the system efficiency. Design of a high precision THz range antenna for a constant far-field beam pattern is always a challenging task to the ...
Uniqueness for Elastic Wave Scattering by Rough Surfaces
We consider a two-dimensional elastic wave scattering problem for an unbounded surface represented as the graph of a $C^{1,\alpha}$ function. The total displacement is assumed to vanish on the surface. We present a new radiation condition, the upwards ...
Stochastic noise model for intra-body terahertz nanoscale communication
NANOCOM '18: Proceedings of the 5th ACM International Conference on Nanoscale Computing and CommunicationThe development of miniature plasmonic signal sources, antennas and detectors are paving the way towards advanced healthcare networks, namely, in-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks (iWNSNs). These networks are expected to enable a plethora of ...
Comments