skip to main content
survey

Emotion Ontology Studies: A Framework for Expressing Feelings Digitally and its Application to Sentiment Analysis

Published: 16 January 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Emotion ontologies have been developed to capture affect, a concept that encompasses discrete emotions and feelings, especially for research on sentiment analysis, which analyzes a customer's attitude towards a company or a product. However, there have been limited efforts to adapt and employ these ontologies. This research surveys and synthesizes emotion ontology studies to develop a Framework of Emotion Ontologies that can be used to help a user select or design an appropriate emotion ontology to support sentiment analysis and increase the user's understanding of the roles of affect, context, and behavioral information with respect to sentiment. The framework, which is derived from research on emotion ontologies, psychology, and sentiment analysis, classifies emotion ontologies as discrete emotion or one of two hybrid ontologies that are combinations of the discrete, dimensional, or componential process emotion paradigms. To illustrate its usefulness, the framework is applied to the development of an emotion ontology for a sentiment analysis application.

Supplementary Material

3555719-app (3555719-app.pdf)
Supplementary material

References

[1]
O. Oh, C. Eom, and H. Rao. 2015. Research note—role of social media in social change: An analysis of collective sense making during the 2011 egypt revolution. Information Systems Research 26, 1 (2015), 210–223.
[2]
M. Chau, M. H. Li, P. W. C. Wong, J. Xu, P. S. F. Yip, and H. Chen. 2020. Finding people with emotional distress in online social media: A design combining machine learning and rule-based classification. MIS Quarterly 44, 2 (2020), 933–956.
[3]
C. C. Yang, X. Tang, Y. Wong, and C. Wei. 2010. Understanding online consumer review opinions with sentiment analysis using machine learning. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems 2, 3 (2010), 73–89.
[4]
P. Zhang. 2013. The affective response model: A theoretical framework of affective concepts and their relationships in the ICT context. MIS Quarterly 37, 1 (2013), 247–274.
[5]
S. Barsade and D. Gibson. 2007. Why does affect matter in organizations? The Academy of Management Perspectives ARCHIVE 21, 1 (2007), 36–59.
[6]
M. Baldoni, C. Baroglio, V. Patti, and P. Rena. 2012. From tags to emotions: Ontology-driven sentiment analysis in the social semantic web. Intelligenza Artificiale 6, 1 (2012), 41–54.
[7]
M. Grassi. 2009. Developing HEO Human Emotions Ontology, In Biometric ID Management and Multimodal Communication. J. Fierrez (Ed.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 244–251.
[8]
E. Cambria, M. Grassi, A. Hussain, and C. Havasi. 2012. Sentic computing for social media marketing. Multimedia Tools and Applications 59, 2 (2012), 557–577.
[9]
A. Balahur, J. M. Hermida, and A. Montoyo. 2012. Detecting implicit expressions of emotion in text: A comparative analysis. Decision Support Systems 53, 4 (2012), 742–753.
[10]
J. M. Lopez, R. Gil, R. García, I. Cearreta, and N. Garay. 2008. Towards an ontology for describing emotions, In Emerging Technologies and Information Systems for the Knowledge Society, M. D. Lytras, et al. (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 96–104.
[11]
H. M. Kim and M. Laskowski. 2018. Toward an ontology-driven blockchain design for supply-chain provenance. Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management 25, 1 (2018), 18–27.
[12]
L. Zhou and P. Chaovalit. 2008. Ontology-supported polarity mining. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59, 1 (2008), 98–110.
[13]
A. Garcia-Crespo, R. Colomo-Palacios, J. M. Gomez-Berbis, and B. Ruiz-Mezcua. 2010. lSEMO: A framework for customer social networks analysis based on semantics. Journal of Information Technology 25, 2 (2010), 178–188.
[14]
A. Al-Arfaj and A. Al-Salman. 2015. Ontology construction from text: Challenges and trends. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (IJAE) 6, 2 (2015), 15–26.
[15]
C. Clavel and Z. Callejas. 2016. Sentiment analysis: From opinion mining to human-agent interaction. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 7, 1 (2016), 74–93.
[16]
E. Cambria, B. Schuller, Y. Xia, and C. Havasi. 2013. New avenues in opinion mining and sentiment analysis. IEEE Intelligent Systems 28, 2 (2013), 15–21.
[17]
D. Gefen, J. Endicott, J. Fresneda, J. Miller, and K. R. Larsen. 2017. A guide to text analysis with latent semantic analysis in R with annotated code studying online reviews and the Stack Exchange community. Communications of the Association for Information Systems 41, 21 (2017), 450–496.
[18]
D. Cavaliere and S. Senatore. 2019. Emotional concept extraction through ontology-enhanced classification. In Proceedings of the Research Conference on Metadata and Semantics Research. Rome, Italy, Springer, 52–63.
[19]
J. Webster and R. T. Watson. 2002. Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, (2002), xiii–xxiii.
[20]
T. R. Gruber. 1993. A translation approach to portable ontology specifications. Knowledge Acquisition 5, 2 (1993), 199–220.
[21]
D. E. Leidner and T. Kayworth. 2006. A review of culture in information systems research: Toward a theory of information technology culture conflict. MIS Quarterly 30, 2 (2006), 357–399.
[22]
M. Wiener, M. Mähring, U. Remus, and C. Saunders. 2016. Control configuration and control enactment in information systems projects: Review and expanded theoretical framework. MIS Quarterly 40, 3 (2016), 741–774.
[23]
N. H. Frijda. 2007. The Laws of Emotion. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
[24]
N. H. Frijda, P. Kuipers, and E. ter Schure. 1989. Relations among emotion, appraisal, and emotional action readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57, 2 (1989), 212–228.
[25]
K. Ravi and V. Ravi. 2015. A survey on opinion mining and sentiment analysis: Tasks, approaches and applications. Knowledge-Based Systems 89 (November 2015), 14–46.
[26]
M. D. Munezero, C. S. Montero, E. Sutinen, and J. Pajunen. 2014. Are they different? Affect, feeling, emotion, sentiment, and opinion detection in text. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 5, 2 (2014), 101–111.
[27]
B. Liu. 2012. Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool Publishers.
[28]
B. Pang and L. Lee. 2008. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval 2, 1-2 (2008), 1–135.
[29]
A. L. I. Yadollahi, A. G. Shahraki, and O. R. Zaiane. 2017. Current state of text sentiment analysis from opinion to emotion mining. ACM Computing Surveys 50, 2 (2017), 1–33.
[30]
E. Kontopoulos, C. Berberidis, T. Dergiades, and N. Bassiliades. 2013. Ontology-based sentiment analysis of Twitter posts. Expert Systems with Applications 40, 10 (2013), 4065–4074.
[31]
S. Akhtar, D. Ghosal, A. Ekbal, P. Bhattacharyya, and S. Kurohashi. 2019. All-in-one: Emotion, sentiment and intensity prediction using a multi-task ensemble framework. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 13, 1 (2019), 285–297.
[32]
A. Valdivia, M. V. Luzón, E. Cambria, and F. Herrera. 2018. Consensus vote models for detecting and filtering neutrality in sentiment analysis. Information Fusion 44 (2018), 126–135.
[33]
Z. Wang, S. B. Ho, and E. Cambria. 2020. Multi-level fine-scaled sentiment sensing with ambivalence handling. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 28, 4 (2020), 683–697.
[34]
G. Xu, Z. Zhang, T. Zhang, S. Yu, Y. Meng, and S. Chen. 2022. Aspect-level sentiment classification based on attention-BiLSTM model and transfer learning. Knowledge-Based Systems 245 (2022), 108586.
[35]
S. A. Farimani, M. V. Jahan, A. M. Fard, and S. R. K. Tabbakh. 2022. Investigating the informativeness of technical indicators and news sentiment in financial market price prediction. Knowledge-Based Systems 247 (2022), 108742.
[36]
V. C. Storey and D. E. O'Leary. 2022. Text analysis of evolving emotions and sentiments in COVID-19 Twitter communication. Cognitive Computation, (2022). Forthcoming.
[37]
K. Zhang, Y. Li, J. Wang, E. Cambria, and X. Li. 2021. Real-time video emotion recognition based on reinforcement learning and domain knowledge. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 32, 3 (2021), 1034–1047.
[38]
S. Latif, H. Cuayáhuitl, F. Pervez, F. Shamshad, H. S. Ali, and E. Cambria. 2021. A survey on deep reinforcement learning for audio-based applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.00240, (2021), 1–20.
[39]
P. Koratamaddi, K. Wadhwani, M. Gupta, and S. G. Sanjeevi. 2021. Market sentiment-aware deep reinforcement learning approach for stock portfolio allocation. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 24, 4 (2021), 848–859.
[40]
M. Yang, Q. Jiang, Y. Shen, Q. Wu, Z. Zhao, and W. Zhou. 2019. Hierarchical human-like strategy for aspect-level sentiment classification with sentiment linguistic knowledge and reinforcement learning. Neural Networks 117 (2019), 240–248.
[41]
M. Yang, Q. Qu, Y. Shen, K. Lei, and J. Zhu. 2020. Cross-domain aspect/sentiment-aware abstractive review summarization by combining topic modeling and deep reinforcement learning. Neural Computing and Applications 32, 11 (2020), 6421–6433.
[42]
J. C. Reis, A. Correia, F. Murai, A. Veloso, and F. Benevenuto. 2019. Supervised learning for fake news detection. IEEE Intelligent Systems 34, 2 (2019), 76–81.
[43]
N. Majumder, S. Poria, A. Gelbukh, and E. Cambria. 2017. Deep learning-based document modeling for personality detection from text. IEEE Intelligent Systems 32, 2 (2017), 74–79.
[44]
A. Yadav and D. K. Vishwakarma. 2020. Sentiment analysis using deep learning architectures: A review. Artificial Intelligence Review 53, 6 (2020), 4335–4385.
[45]
S. Minaee, N. A. L. Kalchbrenner, E. Cambria, N. Nikzad, M. Chenaghlu, and G. A. O. 2021. Jianfeng, deep learning-based text classification: A comprehensive review. ACM Computing Surveys 54, 3 (2021), 1–40.
[46]
E. Cambria, S. Poria, A. Hussain, and B. Liu. 2019. Computational intelligence for affective computing and sentiment analysis [guest editorial]. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine 14, 2 (2019), 16–17.
[47]
E. Cambria. 2016. Affective computing and sentiment analysis. IEEE Intelligent Systems 31, 2 (2016), 102–107.
[48]
SenticNet. IEEE ACSA. 2022 [cited 2022 June 16]; Available from https://sentic.net/acsa/.
[49]
P. Koromilas and T. Giannakopoulos. 2021. Deep multimodal emotion recognition on human speech: A review. Applied Sciences 11, 17 (2021), 7962.
[50]
A. Zadeh, R. Zellers, E. Pincus, and L. P. Morency. 2016. Multimodal sentiment intensity analysis in videos: Facial gestures and verbal messages. IEEE Intelligent Systems 31, 6 (2016), 82–88.
[51]
K. Patel, D. Mehta, C. Mistry, R. Gupta, S. Tanwar, N. Kumar, and M. Alazab. 2020. Facial sentiment analysis using AI techniques: State-of-the-art, taxonomies, and challenges. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 90495–90519.
[52]
S. Poria, N. Majumder, D. Hazarika, E. Cambria, A. Gelbukh, and A. Hussain. 2018. Multimodal sentiment analysis: Addressing key issues and setting up the baselines. IEEE Intelligent Systems 33, 6 (2018), 17–25.
[53]
J. Zhang, Z. Yin, P. Chen, and S. Nichele. 2020. Emotion recognition using multi-modal data and machine learning techniques: A tutorial and review. Information Fusion 59 (2020), 103–126.
[54]
A. Weichselbraun, S. Gindl, F. Fischer, S. Vakulenko, and A. Scharl. 2017. Aspect-based extraction and analysis of affective knowledge from social media streams. IEEE Intelligent Systems 32, 3 (2017), 80–88.
[55]
J. Z. Maitama, N. Idris, A. Abdi, L. Shuib, and R. Fauzi. 2020. A systematic review on implicit and explicit aspect extraction in sentiment analysis. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 194166–194191.
[56]
A. Nazir, Y. Rao, L. Wu, and L. Sun. 2022. Issues and challenges of aspect-based sentiment analysis: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 13, 2 (2022), 845–863.
[57]
M. Thelwall. 2021. This! Identifying new sentiment slang through orthographic pleonasm online: Yasss slay gorg queen ilysm. IEEE Intelligent Systems 36, 4 (2021), 114–120.
[58]
N. Majumder, S. Poria, H. Peng, N. Chhaya, E. Cambria, and A. Gelbukh. 2019. Sentiment and sarcasm classification with multitask learning. IEEE Intelligent Systems 34, 3 (2019), 38–43.
[59]
A. Joshi, P. Bhattacharyya, and M. J. Carman. 2017. Automatic sarcasm detection: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys 50, 5 (2017), 1–22.
[60]
M. Wankhade, A. C. S. Rao, and C. Kulkarni. 2022. A survey on sentiment analysis methods, applications, and challenges. Artificial Intelligence Review, (2022), 1–50.
[61]
M. A. Alonso, D. Vilares, C. Gómez-Rodríguez, and J. Vilares. 2021. Sentiment analysis for fake news detection. Electronics 10, 11 (2021), 1348.
[62]
M. S. Akhtar, A. Ekbal, S. Narayan, and V. Singh. 2018. No, that never happened!! Investigating rumors on Twitter. IEEE Intelligent Systems 33, 5 (2018), 8–15.
[63]
N. Rani, P. Das, and A. K. Bhardwaj. 2022. Rumor, misinformation among web: A contemporary review of rumor detection techniques during different web waves. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 34, 1 (2022), e6479.
[64]
D. KÜÇÜK and C. A. N. Fazli. 2020. Stance detection: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys 53, 1 (2020), 1–37.
[65]
D. Mahata, J. Friedrichs, R. R. Shah, and J. Jiang. 2018. Detecting personal intake of medicine from Twitter. IEEE Intelligent Systems 33, 4 (2018), 87–95.
[66]
B. Liu. 2010. Sentiment analysis and subjectivity. In Handbook of Natural Language Processing, N. Indurkhya and F. J. Damerau (Eds.). CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 627–666.
[67]
O. Larue, P. Poirier, and R. Nkambou. 2013. The emergence of (artificial) emotions from cognitive and neurological processes. Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 4 (2013), 54–68.
[68]
Y. Susanto, A. G. Livingstone, B. C. Ng, and E. Cambria. 2020. The hourglass model revisited. IEEE Intelligent Systems 35, 5 (2020), 96–102.
[69]
J. A. Russell. 2003. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review 110, 1 (2003), 145–172.
[70]
L. F. Barrett. 1998. Discrete emotions or dimensions? The role of valence focus and arousal focus. Cognition and Emotion 12, 4 (1998), 579–599.
[71]
L. A. Feldman. 1995. Valence-focus and arousal-focus: Individual differences in the structure of affective experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69, 1 (1995), 153–166.
[72]
F. Hemmatian and M. K. Sohrabi. 2019. A survey on classification techniques for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Artificial Intelligence Review (2019), 1–51.
[73]
S. Stieglitz and L. Dang-Xuan. 2013. Emotions and information diffusion in social media—sentiment of microblogs and sharing behavior. Journal of Management Information Systems 29, 4 (2013), 217–248.
[74]
D. Zeng, H. Chen, R. Lusch, and S.-H. Li. 2010. Social media analytics and intelligence. IEEE Intelligent Systems 25, 6 (2010), 13–16.
[75]
F. Ali, D. Kwak, P. Khan, S. El-Sappagh, A. Ali, S. Ullah, K. H. Kim, and K.-S. Kwak. 2019. Transportation sentiment analysis using word embedding and ontology-based topic modeling. Knowledge-Based Systems 174 (2019), 27–42.
[76]
M. Dragoni, I. Donadello, and E. Cambria. 2022. OntoSenticNet 2: Enhancing reasoning within sentiment analysis. IEEE Intelligent Systems 37, 2 (2022), 103–110.
[77]
E. Park, V. Storey, and S. Givens. 2013. An ontology artifact for information systems sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems. Orlando, FL, 1–19.
[78]
N. Bianchi-Berthouze and C. L. Lisetti. 2002. Modeling multimodal expression of user's affective subjective experience. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 12, 1 (2002), 49–84.
[79]
A. Ortony and T. J. Turner. 1990. What's basic about basic emotions? Psychological Review 97, 3 (1990), 315–331.
[80]
N. H. Frijda. 1986. The Emotions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
[81]
K. R. Scherer. 2009. The dynamic architecture of emotion: Evidence for the component process model. Cognition and Emotion 23, 7 (2009), 1307–1351.
[82]
H. Leventhal and K. Scherer. 1987. The relationship of emotion to cognition: A functional approach to a semantic controversy. Cognition and Emotion 1, 1 (1987), 3–28.
[83]
R. S. Lazarus. 1991. Emotion and Adaptation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
[84]
N. H. Frijda. 1996. Passions: Emotion and socially consequential behavior. In Emotion: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, R. D. Kavanaugh, B. Zimmerberg, and S. Fein (Eds.). (1996). Lawrence Erlbaum: Mahwah, NJ, 1–27.
[85]
X. Hu and H. Liu. 2012. Text Analytics in Social Media, in Mining Text Data, C. C. Aggarwal and C. Zhai (Eds). Springer: New York, 385–414.
[86]
J. L. Tracy and R. W. Robins. 2004. Show your pride: Evidence for a discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science 15, 3 (2004), 194–197.
[87]
S. S. Tomkins. 1962. Affect, Imagery, Consciousness: Vol. 1. The Positive Affects. New York, NY, Springer (1962).
[88]
C. E. Izard. 1971. The Face of Emotion. New York, NY, Appleton-Century-Crofts.
[89]
J. Panksepp. 1982. Toward a general psychobiological theory of emotions. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5, 3 (1982), 407–422.
[90]
J. A. Russell and A. Mehrabian. 1977. Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions. Journal of Research in Personality 11, 3 (1977), 273–294.
[91]
C. M. Whissell. 1989. The dictionary of affect in language. In The Measurement of Emotions, P. R and K. H. (Eds.). Academic Press, New York, NY, 113–131.
[92]
J. Pestian, H. Nasrallah, P. Matykiewicz, A. Bennett, and A. Leenaars. 2010. Suicide note classification using natural language processing: A content analysis. Biomedical Informatics Insights 3 (2010), 19–28.
[93]
M. B. Arnold. 1960. The Emotion and Personality. New York: Columbia University Press.
[94]
B. Weiner and S. Graham. 1984. An attributional approach to emotional development. In Emotions, Cognition, and Behavior, C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, and R. B. Zajonc (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 167–191.
[95]
A. Balahur, J. M. Hermida, and A. Montoyo. 2012. Building and exploiting emotinet, a knowledge base for emotion detection based on the appraisal theory model. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 3, 1 (2012), 88–101.
[96]
E. Dellandréa, N. Liu, and L. Chen. 2010. Classification of affective semantics in images based on discrete and dimensional models of emotions. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing 2010. Grenoble, France, 1–6.
[97]
Q. Li, C. Wei, J. Dang, L. Cao, and L. Liu. 2020. Tracking and analyzing public emotion evolutions during COVID-19: A case study from the event-driven perspective on microblogs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 18 (2020), 6888.
[98]
P. Ekman, W. V. Friesen, M. O'Sullivan, A. Chan, I. Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, K. Heider, R. Krause, W. A. LeCompte, T. Pitcairn, and P. E. Ricci-Bitti. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53, 4 (1987), 712–717.
[99]
J. Brank, M. Grobelnik, and D. Mladenić. 2005. A survey of ontology evaluation techniques. In Proceedings of the Conference on Data Mining and Data Warehouses. 2005. Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1–4.
[100]
F. J. M. Laros and J. E. M. Steenkamp. 2005. Emotions in consumer behavior: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Business Research 58, 10 (2005), 1437–1445.
[101]
A. Ortony, G. Clore, and A. Collins. 1988. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
[102]
R. Plutchik. 2001. The nature of emotions. American Scientist 89, 4 (2001), 344–350.
[103]
T. Danisman and A. Alpkocak. 2008. Feeler: Emotion classification of text using vector space model. In Proceedings of the AISB 2008 Symposium on Affective Language in Human and Machine. Aberdeen, UK, 53–59.
[104]
C. E. Izard. 1993. Organizational and motivational functions of discrete emotions. In Handbook of Emotions, M. Lewis and J. M. Haviland (Eds.). The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 631–641.
[105]
P. D. Lang. 1984. Cognition in emotion: Cognition in action. In Emotions, Cognition, and Behavior. C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, and R. B. Zajonc (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, New York, 192–226.
[106]
K. Benta, A. Rarau, and M. Cremene. 2007. Ontology based affective context representation. In Proceedings of the Euro American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems. Faro, Portugal, 1–5.
[107]
M. Ptaszynski, R. Rzepka, K. Araki, and Y. Momouchi. 2012. A robust ontology of emotion objects. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing. Japan, 719–722.
[108]
E. Cambria, A. Livingstone, and A. Hussain. 2012. The hourglass of emotions. In Cognitive Behavioural Systems, A. M. E. Anna Esposito, Alessandro Vinciarelli, Rüdiger Hoffmann, Vincent C. Müller (Eds.). Springer, Dresden, Germany, 144–157.
[109]
M. L. Richins. 1997. Measuring emotions in the consumption experience. Journal of Consumer Research 24, 2 (1997), 127–146.
[110]
Z. Obrenovic, N. Garay, J. M. López, I. Fajardo, and I. Cearreta. 2005. An ontology for description of emotional cues. In Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, J. Tao, T. Tan, and R. W. Picard (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 505–512.
[111]
K. R. Scherer. 2005. What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information 44, 4 (2005), 695–729.
[112]
A. García-Rojas, F. Vexo, D. Thalmann, A. Raouzaiou, K. Karpouzis, S. Kollias, L. Moccozet, and N. Magnenat-Thalmann. 2006. Emotional face expression profiles supported by virtual human ontology. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 17, 3-4 (2006), 259–269.
[113]
W. Graterol, J. Diaz-Amado, Y. Cardinale, I. Dongo, E. Lopes-Silva, and C. Santos-Libarino. 2021. Emotion detection for social robots based on NLP transformers and an emotion ontology. Sensors 21, 4 (2021), 1322.
[114]
E. Cambria, Y. Li, F. Z. Xing, S. Poria, and K. Kwok. 2020. SenticNet 6: Ensemble application of symbolic and subsymbolic AI for sentiment analysis. In The Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. Ireland, 105–114.
[115]
E. Cambria, R. Speer, C. Havasi, and A. Hussain. 2010. SenticNet: A publicly available semantic resource for *opinion mining. In Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium: Commonsense Knowledge, (2010), 14–18.
[116]
V. Francisco, P. Gervás, and F. Peinado. 2010. Ontological reasoning for improving the treatment of emotions in text. Knowledge and Information Systems 25, 3 (2010), 421–443.
[117]
E. Cambria, Q. Liu, S. Decherchi, F. Xing, and K. Kwok. 2022. SenticNet 7: A commonsense-based neurosymbolic AI framework for explainable sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Marseille, France, 3829–3839.
[118]
M. Dragoni, S. Poria, and E. Cambria. 2018. OntoSenticNet: A commonsense ontology for sentiment analysis. IEEE Intelligent Systems 33, 3 (2018), 77–85.
[119]
Y. Susanto, E. Cambria, B. C. Ng, and A. Hussain. 2022. Ten years of sentic computing. Cognitive Computation 14, 1 (2022), 5–23.
[120]
D. J. Sollenberger and M. P. Singh. 2009. Architecture for affective social games. In Agents for Games and Simulations, F. Dignum, et al. (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 79–94.
[121]
X. Zhang, B. Hu, J. Chen, and P. Moore. 2013. Ontology-based context modeling for emotion recognition in an intelligent web. World Wide Web 16, 4 (2013), 497–513.
[122]
P. Ekman. 1992. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion 6, 3-4 (1992), 169–200.
[123]
W. Parrot. 2001. Emotions in Social Psychology. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
[124]
D. J. Sollenberger and M. P. Singh. 2011. Methodology for engineering affective social applications. In Agent-oriented Software Engineering, M. Gleizes and J. J. Gomez-Sanz (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, Germany, 97–109.
[125]
J. A. Russell. 1980. A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, 6 (1980), 1161–1178.
[126]
E. Cambria and A. Hussain. 2012. Sentic album: Content-, concept-, and context-based online personal photo management system. Cognitive Computation 4, 4 (2012), 477–496.
[127]
P. J. Lang. 1979. A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology 16, 6 (1979), 495–512.
[128]
B. Mesquita, N. H. Frijda, and K. R. Scherer. 1997. Culture and emotion. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Basic Processes and Human Development, J. W. Berry, P. R. Dasen, and T. S. Saraswathi (Eds.). Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA, 255–297.
[129]
K. R. Scherer, A. E. Schorr, and T. E. Johnstone. 2001. Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
[130]
P. Ekman. 2003. The Face Revealed. London, England: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
[131]
M. Grassi, E. Cambria, A. Hussain, and F. Piazza. 2011. Sentic web: A new paradigm for managing social media affective information. Cognitive Computation 3, 3 (2011), 480–489.
[132]
C. Havasi, R. Speer, and J. Alonso. 2007. ConceptNet 3: A flexible, multilingual semantic network for common sense knowledge. In Proceedings of the Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Borovets, Bulgaria, 261–267.
[133]
R. R. Larsen and J. Hastings. 2018. From affective science to psychiatric disorder: Ontology as a semantic bridge. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 (2018), 1–13.
[134]
K. Eilbeck, S. E. Lewis, C. J. Mungall, M. Yandell, L. Stein, R. Durbin, and M. Ashburner. 2005. The sequence ontology: A tool for the unification of genome annotations. Genome Biology 6, 5 (2005), 1–12.
[135]
M. Horvat. 2020. StimSeqOnt: An ontology for formal description of multimedia stimuli sequences. In Proceedings of the 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology. Opatija, Croatia, 1378–1383.
[136]
R. Iqbal, M. A. A. Murad, A. Mustapha, and N. M. Sharef. 2013. An analysis of ontology engineering methodologies: A literature review. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6, 16 (2013), 2993–3000.
[137]
M. Uschold and M. King. 1995. Towards a Methodology for Building Ontologies. Edinburgh, Scotland: Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute.
[138]
M. Grüninger and M. S. Fox. 1995. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto.
[139]
K. K. Breitman, M. A. Casanova, and W. Truszkowski. 2007. Methods for ontology development. Semantic Web: Concepts, Technologies and Applications, (2007), 155–173.
[140]
A. De Nicola, M. Missikoff, and R. Navigli. 2009. A software engineering approach to ontology building. Information Systems 34, 2 (2009), 258–275.
[141]
P. D. Haghighi, F. Burstein, A. Zaslavsky, and P. Arbon. 2013. Development and evaluation of ontology for intelligent decision support in medical emergency management for mass gatherings. Decision Support Systems 54, 2 (2013), 1192–1204.
[142]
M. Fernández-López, A. Gómez-Pérez, and N. Juristo. 1997. Methontology: From ontological art towards ontological engineering. AAAI Technical Report, 33–40.
[143]
N. F. Noy and D. L. McGuinness. 2001. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. 2001 [cited 2020 February 22]; Available from http://liris.cnrs.fr/alain.mille/enseignements/Ecole_Centrale/What%20is%20an%20ontology%20and%20why%20we%20need%20it.htm.
[144]
P. Cimiano, J. Völker, and R. Studer. 2006. Ontologies on demand?-a description of the state-of-the-art, applications, challenges and trends for ontology learning from text. Information, Wissenschaft und Praxis 57, 6-7 (2006), 315–320.
[145]
P. Cimiano and J. Völker. 2005. Text2Onto. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Application of Natural Language to Information Systems. Alicante, Spain, 1–12.
[146]
B. Fortuna, M. Grobelnik, and D. Mladenic. 2007. OntoGen: Semi-automatic ontology editor. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Interface and the Management of Information. Beijing, China, 227–238.
[147]
F. N. Al-Aswadi, H. Y. Chan, and K. H. Gan. 2020. Automatic ontology construction from text: A review from shallow to deep learning trend. Artificial Intelligence Review 53, 6 (2020), 3901–3928.
[148]
A. D'Andrea, F. Ferri, P. Grifoni, and T. Guzzo. 2015. Approaches, tools and applications for sentiment analysis implementation. International Journal of Computer Applications 125, 3 (2015), 26–33.
[149]
W. Medhat, A. Hassan, and H. Korashy. 2014. Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey. Ain Shams Engineering Journal 5, 4 (2014), 1093–1113.
[150]
T. A. Rana and Y. Cheah. 2016. Aspect extraction in sentiment analysis: Comparative analysis and survey. Artificial Intelligence Review 46, 4 (2016), 459–483.
[151]
M. Ghiassi, J. Skinner, and D. Zimbra. 2013. Twitter brand sentiment analysis: A hybrid system using n-gram analysis and dynamic artificial neural network. Expert Systems with Applications 40, 16 (2013), 6266–6282.
[152]
K. Schouten and F. Frasincar. 2016. Survey on aspect-level sentiment analysis. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 28, 3 (2016), 813–830.
[153]
I. Penalver-Martinez, F. Garcia-Sanchez, R. Valencia-Garcia, M. A. Rodriguez-Garcia, V. Moreno, A. Fraga, and J. L. Sanchez-Cervantes. 2014. Feature-based opinion mining through ontologies. Expert Systems with Applications 41, 13 (2014), 5995–6008.
[154]
T. Wilson, J. Wiebe, and P. Hoffmann. 2005. Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the Conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Vancouver, 347–354.
[155]
K. R. Larsen, S. Michie, E. B. Hekler, B. Gibson, D. Spruijt-Metz, D. Ahern, H. Cole-Lewis, R. J. B. Ellis, B. Hesse, and R. P. Moser. 2017. Behavior change interventions: The potential of ontologies for advancing science and practice. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 40, 1 (2017), 6–22.
[156]
M. McDaniel and V. C. Storey. 2019. Evaluating domain ontologies: Clarification, classification, and challenges. ACM Computing Surveys 52, 4 (2019), 1–44.
[157]
J. Hastings, W. Ceusters, K. Mulligan, and B. Smith. 2012. Annotating affective neuroscience data with the Emotion Ontology. In Proceedings of the Workshop at International Conference on Biomedical Ontology. Graz, Austria, 1–5.
[158]
S. Aman and S. Szpakowicz. 2007. Identifying expressions of emotion in text. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue. Pilsen, Czech Republic, 196–205.
[159]
C. Strapparava and R. Mihalcea. 2008. Learning to identify emotions in text. In Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, 1–5.
[160]
G. L. Clore, A. Ortony, and M. A. Foss. 1987. The psychological foundations of the affective lexicon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53, 4 (1987), 751–766.
[161]
C. Lu, S. Lin, J. Liu, S. Cruz-Lara, and J. Hong. 2010. Automatic event-level textual emotion sensing using mutual action histogram between entities. Expert Systems with Applications 37, 2 (2010), 1643–1653.
[162]
P. Ekman. 1993. Facial expression and emotion. American Psychologist 48, 4 (1993), 384–392.
[163]
A. Neviarouskaya, H. Prendinger, and M. Ishizuka. 2010. Recognition of affect, judgment, and appreciation in text. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Beijing, China, 806–814.
[164]
J. R. Martin and P. R. R. White. 2005. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. London, UK: Palgrave.
[165]
A. Pak and P. Paroubek. 2010. Twitter as a corpus for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources Evaluation. Valletta, Malta, 1320–1326.
[166]
M. Thelwall, K. Buckley, G. Paltoglou, D. Cai, and A. Kappas. 2010. Sentiment strength detection in short informal text. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 61, 12 (2010), 2544–2558.
[167]
J. A. Russell. 1979. Affective space is bipolar. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37, 3 (1979), 345–356.
[168]
E. Fox. 2008. Emotion science cognitive and neuroscientific approaches to understanding human emotions. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
[169]
A. Cui, M. Zhang, Y. Liu, and S. Ma. 2011. Emotion tokens: Bridging the gap among multilingual Twitter sentiment analysis. In Proceeding of the Asia Information Retrieval Symposium. Dubai, UAE (2011), 238–249.
[170]
L. Morency, R. Mihalcea, and P. Doshi. 2011. Towards multimodal sentiment analysis: Harvesting opinions from the web. In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces. Alicante, Spain, 1–8.
[171]
Y. Bae and H. Lee. 2012. Sentiment analysis of Twitter audiences: Measuring the positive or negative influence of popular twitterers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology 63, 12 (2012), 2521–2535.
[172]
J. C. De Albornoz, L. Plaza, and P. Gervás. 2012. SentiSense: An easily scalable concept–based affective lexicon for sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Madrid, Spain, 3562–3567.
[173]
R. Plutchik. 1980. A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. In Theories of Emotion, R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (Eds.). Academic Press. New York, NY, 3–31.
[174]
S. M. Mohammad. 2012. From once upon a time to happily ever after: Tracking emotions in mail and books. Decision Support Systems 53, 4 (2012), 730–741.
[175]
F. Bravo-Marquez, M. Mendoza, and B. Poblete. 2013. Combining strengths, emotions and polarities for boosting Twitter sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Issues of Sentiment Discovery and Opinion Mining. Chicago, IL, USA, 1–9.
[176]
F. Keshtkar and D. Inkpen. 2013. A bootstrapping method for extracting paraphrases of emotion expressions from texts. Computational Intelligence 29, 3 (2013), 417–435.
[177]
S. M. Mohammad and P. D. Turney. 2013. Crowdsourcing a word–emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence 29, 3 (2013), 436–465.
[178]
M. Ptaszynski, H. Dokoshi, S. Oyama, R. Rzepka, M. Kurihara, K. Araki, and Y. Momouchi. 2013. Affect analysis in context of characters in narratives. Expert Systems with Applications 40, 1 (2013), 168–176.
[179]
A. Ortigosa, J. M. Martín, and R. M. Carro. 2014. Sentiment analysis in Facebook and its application to e-learning. Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014), 527–541.
[180]
Y. Rao, Q. Li, X. Mao, and L. Wenyin. 2014. Sentiment topic models for social emotion mining. Information Sciences 266 (2014), 90–100.
[181]
S. Poria, E. Cambria, N. Howard, G.-B. Huang, and A. Hussain. 2016. Fusing audio, visual and textual clues for sentiment analysis from multimodal content. Neurocomputing 174 (2016), 50–59.
[182]
P. Ekman, W. V. Friesen, M. O'Sullivan, A. Chan, I. Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, K. Heider, R. Krause, W. A. LeCompte, T. Pitcairn, P. E. Ricci-Bitti, K. Scherer, M. Tomita, and A. Tzavaras. 1987. Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53, 4 (1987), 712–717.
[183]
M. Giatsoglou, M. G. Vozalis, K. Diamantaras, A. Vakali, G. Sarigiannidis, and K. C. Chatzisavvas. 2017. Sentiment analysis leveraging emotions and word embeddings. Expert Systems with Applications 69 (2017), 214–224.
[184]
R. Plutchik. 1994. The Psychology and Biology of Emotion. New York, NY: HarperCollins College Publishers.
[185]
M.-H. Chen, W.-F. Chen, and L.-W. Ku. 2018. Application of sentiment analysis to language learning. IEEE Access 6 (2018), 24433–24442.
[186]
C. Karyotis, F. Doctor, R. Iqbal, A. James, and V. Chang. 2018. A fuzzy computational model of emotion for cloud based sentiment analysis. Information Sciences 433 (2018), 448–463.
[187]
W. A. Cunningham and P. D. Zelazo. 2009. The development of iterative reprocessing: Implications for affect and its regulation. In Developmental Social Cognitive Neuroscience, P. D. Zelazo, M. Chandler, and E. Crone (Eds.). Psychology Press, New York, NY, 95–112.
[188]
B. Kratzwald, S. Ilić, M. Kraus, S. Feuerriegel, and H. Prendinger. 2018. Deep learning for affective computing: Text-based emotion recognition in decision support. Decision Support Systems 115 (2018), 24–35.
[189]
J. R. Averill. 1980. A constructivist view of emotion. In Theories of Emotion, R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (Eds.). Elsevier, New York, 305–339.
[190]
K. Song, T. Yao, Q. Ling, and T. Mei. 2018. Boosting image sentiment analysis with visual attention. Neurocomputing 312 (2018), 218–228.
[191]
D. Stojanovski, G. Strezoski, G. Madjarov, I. Dimitrovski, and I. Chorbev. 2018. Deep neural network architecture for sentiment analysis and emotion identification of Twitter messages. Multimedia Tools and Applications 77, 24 (2018), 32213–32242.
[192]
A. Tsakalidis, S. Papadopoulos, R. Voskaki, K. Ioannidou, C. Boididou, A. I. Cristea, M. Liakata, and Y. Kompatsiaris. 2018. Building and evaluating resources for sentiment analysis in the Greek language. Language Resources and Evaluation 52, 4 (2018), 1021–1044.
[193]
L.-C. Yu, C.-W. Lee, H. Pan, C.-Y. Chou, P.-Y. Chao, Z. Chen, S. Tseng, C. Chan, and K. R. Lai. 2018. Improving early prediction of academic failure using sentiment analysis on self-evaluated comments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 34, 4 (2018), 358–365.
[194]
R. Arulmurugan, K. Sabarmathi, and H. Anandakumar. 2019. Classification of sentence level sentiment analysis using cloud machine learning techniques. Cluster Computing 22, 1 (2019), 1199–1209.
[195]
V. S. Bawa and V. Kumar. 2019. Emotional sentiment analysis for a group of people based on transfer learning with a multi-modal system. Neural Computing and Applications 31, 12 (2019), 9061–9072.
[196]
S. M. Nagarajan and U. D. Gandhi. 2019. Classifying streaming of Twitter data based on sentiment analysis using hybridization. Neural Computing and Applications 31, 5 (2019), 1425–1433.
[197]
K. Sailunaz and R. Alhajj. 2019. Emotion and sentiment analysis from Twitter text. Journal of Computational Science 36 (2019), 1–18.
[198]
K. Oatley and P. N. Johnson-Laird. 1987. Towards a cognitive theory of emotions. Cognition and Emotion 1, 1 (1987), 29–50.
[199]
Q. Zhou, Z. Xu, and N. Y. Yen. 2019. User sentiment analysis based on social network information and its application in consumer reconstruction intention. Computers in Human Behavior 100 (2019), 177–183.
[200]
C. Wu, F. Wu, S. Wu, Z. Yuan, J. Liu, and Y. Huang. 2019. Semi-supervised dimensional sentiment analysis with variational autoencoder. Knowledge-Based Systems 165 (2019), 30–39.
[201]
C. de Las Heras-Pedrosa, P. Sánchez-Núñez, and J. I. Peláez. 2020. Sentiment analysis and emotion understanding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and its impact on digital ecosystems. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 15 (2020), 5542.
[202]
S. F. Pengnate and F. J. Riggins. 2020. The role of emotion in P2P microfinance funding: A sentiment analysis approach. International Journal of Information Management 54 (2020), 102138.
[203]
S. Wang, A. Maoliniyazi, X. Wu, and X. Meng. 2020. Emo2Vec: Learning emotional embeddings via multi-emotion category. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology 20, 2 (2020), 1–17.
[204]
P. Wu, X. Li, S. Shen, and D. He. 2020. Social media opinion summarization using emotion cognition and convolutional neural networks. International Journal of Information Management 51 (2020), 101978.
[205]
A. Ortony, G. L. Clore, and A. Collins. 1990. The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
[206]
H. Xia, Y. Yang, X. Pan, Z. Zhang, and W. An. 2020. Sentiment analysis for online reviews using conditional random fields and support vector machines. Electronic Commerce Research 20, 2 (2020), 343–360.
[207]
M. G. Huddar, S. S. Sannakki, and V. S. Rajpurohit. 2021. Attention-based multi-modal sentiment analysis and emotion detection in conversation using RNN. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia & Artificial Intelligence 6, 6 (2021), 1–10.
[208]
K. Scherer and P. Ekman. 1984. Approaches to Emotion. Psychology Press: New York, NY.
[209]
E. J. Ko, H. J. Lee, and J. W. Lee. 2007. Ontology-based context modeling and reasoning for u-healthcare. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems 90, 8 (2007), 1262–1270.
[210]
S. S. Lee and H. S. Yong. 2008. Ontosonomy: Ontology-based extension of folksonomy. In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Semantic Computing and Applications. Incheon, Korea, 27–32.
[211]
O. Murdoch, L. Coyle, and S. Dobson. 2008. Ontology-based query recommendation as a support to image retrieval. In Proceedings of the 19th Irish Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science. Cork, Ireland, 2–11.
[212]
F. Radulovic and N. Milikic. 2009. Smiley ontology. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Social Networks Interoperability. 1–4.
[213]
S. Song, M. Kim, S. Rho, and E. Hwang. 2009. Music ontology for mood and situation reasoning to support music retrieval and recommendation. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Society. Cancun, Mexico, 304–309.
[214]
C. Zakaria, O. Curé, G. Salzano, and K. Smaïli. 2009. Formalized conflicts detection based on the analysis of multiple emails: An approach combining statistics and ontologies. In Proceedings of the OTM Confederated International Conferences “On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems.” 2009. Vilamoura, Portugal, 94–111.
[215]
F. Honold, F. Schüssel, K. Panayotova, and M. Weber. 2012. The nonverbal toolkit: Towards a framework for automatic integration of nonverbal communication into virtual environments. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Environments. Guanajuato, Mexico, 1–8.
[216]
P. Ekman and D. Keltner. 1997. Universal facial expressions of emotion. California Mental Health Research Digest 8, 4 (1997), 27–46.
[217]
G. H. Lim, S. W. Hong, I. Lee, I. H. Suh, and M. Beetz. 2013. Robot recommender system using affection-based episode ontology for personalization. In Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication. Gyeongju, Korea, 155–160.
[218]
M. D. Sykora, T. Jackson, A. O'Brien, and S. Elayan. 2013. Emotive ontology: Extracting fine-grained emotions from terse, informal messages. IADIS International Journal on Computer Science & Information Systems 8, 2 (2013), 106–118.
[219]
R. Plutchik. 1980. Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. New York: Harper and Row.
[220]
P. Ekman. 1999. Basic emotions. In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, T. Dalgleish and M. J. Power (Eds.). Wiley, New York, NY, 45–60.
[221]
C. E. Izard. 2009. Emotion theory and research: Highlights, unanswered questions, and emerging issues. Annual Review of Psychology 60 (2009), 1–25.
[222]
S. A. A. Tapia, A. H. F. Gomez, J. B. Corbacho, S. Ratte, J. Torres-Diaz, P. V. Torres-Carrion, and J. M. Garcia. 2014. A contribution to the method of automatic identification of human emotions by using semantic structures. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning. Dubai, UAE, 60–70.
[223]
P. Ekman. 2007. Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
[224]
K. M. Sam and C. Chatwin. 2015. Ontology-based sentiment analysis model of customer reviews for electronic products. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, 3rd Edition. IGI Global: Hershey, 892–904.
[225]
S. N. Shivhare, S. Garg, and A. Mishra. 2015. EmotionFinder: Detecting emotion from blogs and textual documents. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Communication & Automation. Greater Noida, India, 52–57.
[226]
M. Tielman, M. Van Meggelen, M. A. Neerincx, and W. P. Brinkman. 2015. An ontology-based question system for a virtual coach assisting in trauma recollection. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents. Delft, Netherlands, 1–12.
[227]
M. Almashraee, D. M. Díaz, and A. Paschke. 2016. Emotion level sentiment analysis: The affective opinion evaluation. EMSA-RMed@ ESWC, 1–12.
[228]
C. Villalonga, M. A. Razzaq, W. A. Khan, H. Pomares, I. Rojas, S. Lee, and O. Banos. 2016. Ontology-based high-level context inference for human behavior identification. Sensors 16, 10 (2016), 1617.
[229]
N. Ayari, H. Abdelkawy, A. Chibani, and Y. Amirat. 2017. Towards semantic multimodal emotion recognition for enhancing assistive services in ubiquitous robotics. In Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium Series. Arlington, VA, USA, 2–9.
[230]
V. Nagpal, T. Bhattacharya, and R. Kumar. 2017. Behavior analysis over text using text mining ontology development of emotion analysis and identification. Advances in Computer Science and Information Technology 4, 4 (2017), 263–268.
[231]
H. Tabassum and S. Ahmed. 2017. An ontology-based approach for analyzing emotions in software developers’ mailing lists. Bahria University Journal of Information & Communication Technologies 10, (Special Is) (2017), 2–7.
[232]
C. M. Paxiuba, J. Calado, C. P. Lima, and J. Sarraipa. 2018. CADAP: A student's emotion monitoring solution for e-learning performance analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Systems. Funchal, Portugal, 776–783.
[233]
K. Oatley and J. M. Jenkins. 1992. Human emotions: Function and dysfunction. Annual Review of Psychology 43, 1 (1992), 55–85.
[234]
P. Ekman. 1980. The Face of Man: Expressions of Universal Emotions in a New Guinea Village 1980, New York: Garland STPM Press.
[235]
S. Taleb, H. Hajj, and Z. Dawy. 2018. EGO: Optimized sensor selection for multi-context aware applications with an ontology for recognition models. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 18, 11 (2018), 2518–2535.
[236]
Y. Y. Mathieu. 2005. Annotation of emotions and feelings in texts. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Beijing, China, 350–357.
[237]
A. García-Rojas, F. Vexo, D. Thalmann, A. Raouzaiou, K. Karpouzis, S. Kollias, L. Moccozet, and N. Magnenat-Thalmann. 2006. Emotional face expression profiles supported by virtual human ontology. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds 17, 3-4 (2006), 259–269.
[238]
C. H. Wu, Z. J. Chuang, and Y. C. Lin. 2006. Emotion recognition from text using semantic labels and separable mixture models. ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing. 5, 2 (2006), 165–183.
[239]
W. Chen, Y. Cai, and K. Lai. 2007. A topic-based sentiment analysis model to predict stock market price movement using Weibo mood. Web Intelligence and Agent Systems: An International Journal 5 (2007), 1–5.
[240]
J. F. Weng, S. S. Tseng, J.-M. Su, and Y. J. Wang. 2008. Constructing an immersive poetry learning multimedia environment using ontology-based approach. In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on Ubi-Media Computing. Lanzhou, China, 308–313.
[241]
J. Yan, D. B. Bracewell, F. Ren, and S. Kuroiwa. 2008. The creation of a Chinese emotion ontology based on HowNet. Engineering Letters 16, 1 (2008), 166–171.
[242]
A. Hanjalic and L. Xu. 2005. Affective video content representation and modeling. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 7, 1 (2005), 143–154.
[243]
B. J. Han, S. Rho, S. Jun, and E. Hwang. 2010. Music emotion classification and context-based music recommendation. Multimedia Tools and Applications 47, 3 (2010), 433–460.
[244]
S. L. Nimmagadda, S. K. Nimmagadda, and H. Dreher. 2010. Multidimensional ontology modeling of human digital ecosystems affected by social behavioural data patterns. In Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies. Dubai, UAE, 498–503.
[245]
M. Kim and H. C. Kwon. 2011. Lyrics-based emotion classification using feature selection by partial syntactic analysis. In Proceedings of the IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. Boca Raton, FL, USA, 960–964.
[246]
R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman. 1980. Emotion, Theory, Research, and Experience. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
[247]
C. D. Elliott. 1992. The Affective Reasoner: A Process Model of Emotions in a Multi-Agent System. Northwestern University Institute for the Learning Sciences: Evanston, IL.
[248]
C. A. Smith and R. S. Lazarus. 1990. Emotion and adaptation. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, L. A. Pervin and O. P. John (Eds.). Guilford Press, New York, NY, 609–637.
[249]
A. C. M. Fong, B. Zhou, S. Hui, J. Tang, and G. Hong. 2012. Generation of personalized ontology based on consumer emotion and behavior analysis. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing 3, 2 (2012), 152–164.
[250]
P. Weinberg and W. Gottwald. 1982. Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research 10, 1 (1982), 43–57.
[251]
A. Nakamura. 1993. Kanjo Hyogen Jiten [Dictionary of Emotive Expressions] (in Japanese). Tokyo, Japan: Tokyodo Publishing.
[252]
K. Roberts, M. A. Roach, J. Johnson, J. Guthrie, and S. M. Harabagiu. 2012. EmpaTweet: Annotating and detecting emotions on Twitter. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Istanbul, Turkey, 3806–3813.
[253]
F. Berthelon and P. Sander. 2013. Emotion ontology for context awareness. In Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications. Budapest, Hungary, 2–7.
[254]
P. Ekman and W. V. Friesen. 2003. Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions from Facial Clues. Los Altos, CA: Malor Books.
[255]
D. Borth, R. Ji, T. Chen, T. Breuel, and S. F. Chang. 2013. Large-scale visual sentiment ontology and detectors using adjective noun pairs. In Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Multimedia. Barcelona, Spain, 223–232.
[256]
K. Kaneko and Y. Okada. 2013. Building of Japanese emotion ontology from knowledge on the web for realistic interactive CG characters. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems. Taichung, Taiwan, 735–740.
[257]
P. Ekman. 1982. What emotion categories or dimensions can observers judge from facial behavior?. In Emotions in the Human Face, P. Ekman (Ed.). Cambridge University Press, 39–55.
[258]
J. Hastings, A. Brass, C. Caine, C. Jay, and R. Stevens. 2014. Evaluating the emotion ontology through use in the self-reporting of emotional responses at an academic conference. Journal of Biomedical Semantics 5, 1 (2014), 38–55.
[259]
K. R. Scherer and P. C. Ellsworth. 2009. Appraisal Theories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
[260]
C. S. Montero, M. Munezero, and T. Kakkonen. 2014. Investigating the role of emotion-based features in author gender classification of text. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics. Kathmandu, Nepal, 98–114.
[261]
M. Ptaszynski, R. Rzepka, K. Araki, and Y. Momouchi. 2014. Automatically annotating a five-billion-word corpus of Japanese blogs for sentiment and affect analysis. Computer Speech & Language 28, 1 (2014), 38–55.
[262]
M. Arguedas, F. Xhafa, T. Daradoumis, and S. Caballe. 2015. An ontology about emotion awareness and affective feedback in elearning. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems. Taipei, Taiwan, 156–163.
[263]
C. Brenga, A. Celotto, V. Loia, and S. Senatore. 2015. SentiWordSKOS: A lexical ontology extended with sentiments and emotions. In Proceedings of the Conference on Technologies and Applications of Artificial Intelligence. Tainan, Taiwan, 237–244.
[264]
J. Chen, B. Hu, P. Moore, X. Zhang, and X. Ma. 2015. Electroencephalogram-based emotion assessment system using ontology and data mining techniques. Applied Soft Computing 30 (2015), 663–674.
[265]
B. Jou, T. Chen, N. Pappas, M. Redi, M. Topkara, and S. F. Chang. 2015. Visual affect around the world: A large-scale multilingual visual sentiment ontology. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia. Brisbane, Australia, 159–168.
[266]
W. Shi, H. Wang, and S. He. 2015. EOSentiMiner: An opinion-aware system based on emotion ontology for sentiment analysis of Chinese online reviews. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 27, 4 (2015), 423–448.
[267]
F. Bertola and V. Patti. 2016. Ontology-based affective models to organize artworks in the social semantic web. Information Processing & Management 52, 1 (2016), 139–162.
[268]
A. Cinquepalmi and U. Straccia. 2016. An ontology-based affective computing approach for passenger safety engagement on cruise ships. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Ubiquitous Computing, Systems, Services and Technologies, 203–208.
[269]
L. Cotfas, C. Delcea, A. Segault, and I. Roxin. 2016. Semantic web-based social media analysis. In Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XXII, N.T. Nguyen, and R. Kowalczyk (Eds.). Springer, Berlin, 147–166.
[270]
A. Karpus, I. Vagliano, K. Goczyła, and M. Morisio. 2016. An ontology-based contextual pre-filtering technique for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. Gdansk, Poland, 411–420.
[271]
H. Liu, B. Jou, T. Chen, M. Topkara, N. Pappas, M. Redi, and S. F. Chang. 2016. Complura: Exploring and leveraging a large-scale multilingual visual sentiment ontology. In Proceedings of the ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. New York, NY, USA, 1–4.
[272]
J. F. Sánchez-Rada and C. A. Iglesias. 2016. Onyx: A linked data approach to emotion representation. Information Processing & Management 52, 1 (2016), 99–114.
[273]
H. Tabassum and S. Ahmed. 2016. EmotiOn: An ontology for emotion analysis. In Proceedings of the 1st National Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations in Computing and Technology. Karachi, Pakistan, 1–6.
[274]
J. Zhou, Y. Zhao, H. Zhang, and T. Wang. 2016. Measuring emotion bifurcation points for individuals in social media. In Proceedings of the 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Koloa, HI, USA, 1949–1958.
[275]
W. Tao and T. Liu. 2017. Building ontology for different emotional contexts and multilingual environment in opinion mining. Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing (2017), 1–7.
[276]
L. Chapman, B. Resch, J. Sadler, S. Zimmer, H. Roberts, and A. Petutschnig. 2018. Investigating the emotional responses of individuals to urban green space using Twitter data: A critical comparison of three different methods of sentiment analysis. Urban Planning 3, 1 (2018), 21–33.
[277]
A. Masmoudi, M. Barhamgi, N. Faci, Z. Saoud, K. Belhajjame, D. Benslimane, and D. Camacho. 2018. An ontology-based approach for mining radicalization indicators from online messages. In Proceedings of the IEEE 32nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications. Krakow, Poland, 609–616.
[278]
S. Munoz, O. Araque, J. F. Sánchez-Rada, and C. A. Iglesias. 2018. An emotion aware task automation architecture based on semantic technologies for smart offices. Sensors 18, 5 (2018), 1499.
[279]
L. Xiao, F. P. Guo, and Q. B. Lu. 2018. Mobile personalized service recommender model based on sentiment analysis and privacy concern. Mobile Information Systems (2018), 1–13.
[280]
N. Garay-Vitoria, I. Cearreta, and E. Larraza-Mendiluze. 2019. Application of an ontology-based platform for developing affective interaction systems. IEEE Access 7 (2019), 40503–40515.
[281]
H. Schlosberg. 1954. Three dimensions of emotion. Psychological Review 61, 2 (1954), 81–88.
[282]
P. Ekman. 1984. Expression and the nature of emotion. In Approaches to Emotion, K. R. Scherer and P. Eckman (Eds.). Psychology Press, New York, 319–344.
[283]
K. R. Scherer. 1999. Appraisal theory. In Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, T. Dalgleish and M. J. Power (Eds.). John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 637–663.
[284]
A. Khaled, S. Ouchani, and C. Chohra. 2019. Recommendations-based on semantic analysis of social networks in learning environments. Computers in Human Behavior 101 (2019), 435–449.
[285]
X. Mao, S. Chang, J. Shi, F. Li, and R. Shi. 2019. Sentiment-aware word embedding for emotion classification. Applied Sciences 9, 7 (2019), 1334.
[286]
K. Shrivastava, S. Kumar, and D. K. Jain. 2019. An effective approach for emotion detection in multimedia text data using sequence based convolutional neural network. Multimedia Tools and Applications 78, 20 (2019), 29607–29639.
[287]
C. Lipizzi, D. Borrelli, and F. d. O. Capela. 2020. A computational model implementing subjectivity with the ‘Room Theory’. The Case of Detecting Emotion from Text. arXiv:2005.06059, 1–15.
[288]
Y. Su, P. Wu, S. Li, J. Xue, and T. Zhu. 2021. Public emotion responses during COVID-19 in China on social media: An observational study. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 3, 1 (2021), 127–136.
[289]
K. R. Scherer. 2000. Psychological models of emotion. The Neuropsychology of Emotion 137, 3 (2000), 137–162.
[290]
R. Gil, J. Virgili-Gomá, R. García, and C. Mason. 2015. Emotions ontology for collaborative modelling and learning of emotional responses. Computers in Human Behavior 51 (2015), 610–617.
[291]
J. M. López-Gil, R. Gil, and R. García. 2016. Web ontologies to categorialy structure reality: Representations of human emotional, cognitive, and motivational processes. Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016), 551.
[292]
D. Arellano, I. Lera, J. Varona, and F. J. Perales. 2009. Integration of a semantic and affective model for realistic generation of emotional states in virtual characters. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction and Workshops 2009. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1–7.
[293]
V. Eyharabide, A. Amandi, M. Courgeon, C. Clavel, C. Zakaria, and J. C. Martin. 2011. An ontology for predicting students' emotions during a quiz. Comparison with self-reported emotions. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Affective Computational Intelligence. Paris, France, 2–9.
[294]
C. M. Marques, J. Von Zuben, and I. R. Guilherme. 2011. FTMOntology: An ontology to fill the semantic gap between music, mood, personality, and human physiology. In Proceedings of the OTM Workshops, 1–15.
[295]
K. R. Scherer. 2004. Which emotions can be induced by music? What are the underlying mechanisms? And how can we measure them? Journal of New Music Research 33, 3 (2004), 239–251.
[296]
N. H. Frijda and K. Scherer. 2009. Emotion Definitions (Psychological Perspectives). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
[297]
N. H. Frijda. 1993. Moods, emotion episodes, and emotions. In Handbook of Emotions. M. Lewis and J. M. Haviland (Eds.). The Guilford Press, New York, NY, 381–403.
[298]
M. Horvat, N. Bogunović, and K. Ćosić. 2014. STIMONT: A core ontology for multimedia stimuli description. Multimedia Tools and Applications 73, 3 (2014), 1103–1127.
[299]
J. R. Fontaine, K. R. Scherer, E. B. Roesch, and P. C. Ellsworth. 2007. The world of emotions is not two-dimensional. Psychological Science 18, 12 (2007), 1050–1057.
[300]
R. C. Solomon. 2004. Thinking About Feeling: Contemporary Philosophers on Emotions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
[301]
K. Mulligan and K. R. Scherer. 2012. Toward a working definition of emotion. Emotion Review 4, 4 (2012), 345–357.
[302]
R. Lin, C. Liang, R. Duan, Y. Chen, and C. Tao. 2018. Visualized emotion ontology: A model for representing visual cues of emotions. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 18, 2 (2018), 102–113.
[303]
V. C. Storey and E. Park. 2022. An ontology of emotion process to support sentiment analysis. Journal of the Association of Information Systems. Forthcoming, 1–55.

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)Construction of financial fraud identification model based on stacking and accounting indicatorsJournal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering10.1177/14727978251316402Online publication date: 19-Feb-2025
  • (2025)Dynamic emotional memory analysis in digital animation via expression recognition and scene atmosphere enhancementJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation10.1016/j.jvcir.2025.104427(104427)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2025)AI and Customer Experience: Personalization and Engagement in Middle Eastern MarketsAI in the Middle East for Growth and Business10.1007/978-3-031-75589-7_8(113-129)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2025
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Computing Surveys
ACM Computing Surveys  Volume 55, Issue 9
September 2023
835 pages
ISSN:0360-0300
EISSN:1557-7341
DOI:10.1145/3567474
Issue’s Table of Contents

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 16 January 2023
Online AM: 14 September 2022
Accepted: 03 August 2022
Revised: 28 July 2022
Received: 13 December 2021
Published in CSUR Volume 55, Issue 9

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. Ontology
  2. sentiment analysis
  3. affect
  4. emotion
  5. Framework of Emotion Ontologies
  6. discrete emotion ontology
  7. dimensional emotion ontology
  8. componential process ontology

Qualifiers

  • Survey
  • Refereed

Funding Sources

  • J. Mack Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)337
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)26
Reflects downloads up to 27 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)Construction of financial fraud identification model based on stacking and accounting indicatorsJournal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering10.1177/14727978251316402Online publication date: 19-Feb-2025
  • (2025)Dynamic emotional memory analysis in digital animation via expression recognition and scene atmosphere enhancementJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation10.1016/j.jvcir.2025.104427(104427)Online publication date: Feb-2025
  • (2025)AI and Customer Experience: Personalization and Engagement in Middle Eastern MarketsAI in the Middle East for Growth and Business10.1007/978-3-031-75589-7_8(113-129)Online publication date: 11-Feb-2025
  • (2024)Evaluation of emotion classification schemes in social media text: an annotation-based approachBMC Psychology10.1186/s40359-024-02008-w12:1Online publication date: 27-Sep-2024
  • (2024)Machine learning-based Sentiment Analysis: A Comprehensive Review2024 International Conference on Cognitive Robotics and Intelligent Systems (ICC - ROBINS)10.1109/ICC-ROBINS60238.2024.10533989(52-57)Online publication date: 17-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Multi-level emotion propagation in natural disaster events: diverse leadership of super-spreaders in different levels of hierarchyOnline Information Review10.1108/OIR-03-2024-019249:1(116-135)Online publication date: 6-Aug-2024
  • (2024)A Real-Time Impact Study of New Product Release on Theme Park Brand Reputation: Using Social Media Data from Shanghai DisneylandThe Eighteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management10.1007/978-981-97-5098-6_13(174-192)Online publication date: 4-Aug-2024
  • (2023)Applications of Pipelining With ML to Authenticate Emotions in Textual ContentsFederated Learning and AI for Healthcare 5.010.4018/979-8-3693-1082-3.ch014(269-297)Online publication date: 18-Dec-2023
  • (2023)Unraveling Ambivalence: A Novel Approach for Sarcasm Detection in Sentiment Analysis2023 3rd International Conference on Technological Advancements in Computational Sciences (ICTACS)10.1109/ICTACS59847.2023.10390141(638-647)Online publication date: 1-Nov-2023
  • (2023)Evaluating the Impact of Sentiments in Decision Making: A Review2023 International Conference on Innovative Data Communication Technologies and Application (ICIDCA)10.1109/ICIDCA56705.2023.10100082(893-900)Online publication date: 14-Mar-2023
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Full Access

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Full Text

View this article in Full Text.

Full Text

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media