invited-talk

Hardware Security Primitives Using Passive RRAM Crossbar Array: Novel TRNG and PUF Designs

Authors:

Simranjeet Singh,

Gokul Rajendran,

Anupam Chattopadhyay,

Farhad MerchantAuthors Info & Claims

ASPDAC '23: Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

Pages 449 - 454

https://doi.org/10.1145/3566097.3568348

Published: 31 January 2023 Publication History

Abstract

With rapid advancements in electronic gadgets, the security and privacy aspects of these devices are significant. For the design of secure systems, physical unclonable function (PUF) and true random number generator (TRNG) are critical hardware security primitives for security applications. This paper proposes novel implementations of PUF and TRNGs on the RRAM crossbar structure. Firstly, two techniques to implement the TRNG in the RRAM crossbar are presented based on write-back and 50% switching probability pulse. The randomness of the proposed TRNGs is evaluated using the NIST test suite. Next, an architecture to implement the PUF in the RRAM crossbar is presented. The initial entropy source for the PUF is used from TRNGs, and challenge-response pairs (CRPs) are collected. The proposed PUF exploits the device variations and sneak-path current to produce unique CRPs. We demonstrate, through extensive experiments, reliability of 100%, uniqueness of 47.78%, uniformity of 49.79%, and bit-aliasing of 48.57% without any post-processing techniques. Finally, the design is compared with the literature to evaluate its implementation efficiency, which is clearly found to be superior to the state-of-the-art.

References

[1]

Ibrahim at al. 2022. Memristor-based PUF for lightweight cryptographic randomness. Scientific Reports 12 (05 2022).

[2]

John at al. 2021. Halide perovskite memristors as flexible and reconfigurable physical unclonable functions. Nature Communications 12 (06 2021).

[3]

Kim at al. 2018. A Physical Unclonable Function With Redox-Based Nanoionic Resistive Memory. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 13, 2 (2018), 437--448.

Digital Library

[4]

Nili at al. 2018. Hardware-intrinsic security primitives enabled by analogue state and nonlinear conductance variations in integrated memristors. Nature Electronics 1 (03 2018).

[5]

Rührmair at al. 2013. PUF Modeling Attacks on Simulated and Silicon Data. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 8, 11 (2013), 1876--1891.

Digital Library

[6]

Rajendran at al. 2015. Nano Meets Security: Exploring Nanoelectronic Devices for Security Applications. Proc. IEEE 103, 5 (2015), 829--849.

[7]

Srinivasu at al. 2021. Cycle PUF: A Cycle operator based PUF in Carbon Nanotube FET Technology. In IEEE 21st International Conference on Nanotechnology (NANO). 13--16.

[8]

Shah at al. 2021. Introducing Recurrence in Strong PUFs for Enhanced Machine Learning Attack Resistance. IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems 11, 2 (2021), 319--332.

[9]

Armknecht et al. 2010. Memory leakage-resilient encryption based on physically unclonable functions. In Towards Hardware-Intrinsic Security. Springer, 135--164.

[10]

Balatti et al. 2016. Physical unbiased generation of random numbers with coupled resistive switching devices. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 63, 5 (2016), 2029--2035.

[11]

Bengel et al. 2020. Variability-Aware Modeling of Filamentary Oxide-Based Bipolar Resistive Switching Cells Using SPICE Level Compact Models. IEEE TSCAS I 67, 12 (2020), 4618--4630.

[12]

Guajardo et al. 2007. FPGA intrinsic PUFs and their use for IP protection. In International workshop on cryptographic hardware and embedded systems. Springer, 63--80.

Digital Library

[13]

Ganta et al. 2013. Easy-to-build arbiter physical unclonable function with enhanced challenge/response set. In IEEE International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED). 733--738.

[14]

Gonzalez et al. 2014. Analysis of the Switching Variability in Ni/HfO2-Based RRAM Devices. IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 14, 2 (2014), 769--771.

[15]

Govindaraj et al. 2018. CSRO-based reconfigurable true random number generator using RRAM. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 26, 12 (2018), 2661--2670.

[16]

Gao et al. 2020. Physical unclonable functions. Nature Electronics 3, 2 (2020), 81--91.

[17]

Gao et al. 2022. A unified PUF and TRNG design based on 40-nm RRAM with high entropy and robustness for IoT security. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 69, 2 (2022), 536--542.

[18]

Holcomb et al. 2008. Power-up SRAM state as an identifying fingerprint and source of true random numbers. IEEE Trans. Comput. 58, 9 (2008), 1198--1210.

Digital Library

[19]

Herder et al. 2014. Physical unclonable functions and applications: A tutorial. Proc. IEEE 102, 8 (2014), 1126--1141.

[20]

Hardtdegen et al. 2018. Improved Switching Stability and the Effect of an Internal Series Resistor in HfO2/TiOx Bilayer ReRAM Cells. IEEE Trans on Electron Devices 65, 8 (2018), 3229--3236.

[21]

Lim et al. 2005. Extracting secret keys from integrated circuits. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 13, 10 (2005), 1200--1205.

Digital Library

[22]

Liu et al. 2016. A highly reliable and tamper-resistant RRAM PUF: Design and experimental validation. In IEEE HOST. 13--18.

[23]

Pang et al. 2017. Optimization of RRAM-based physical unclonable function with a novel differential read-out method. IEEE Electron Device Letters 38, 2 (2017), 168--171.

[24]

Rajendran et al. 2012. Nano-PPUF: A memristor-based security primitive. In IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI. 84--87.

Digital Library

[25]

Yang et al. 2021. RRAM random number generator based on train of pulses. Electronics 10, 15 (2021), 1831.

[26]

Zhang et al. 2014. Highly reliable memory-based physical unclonable function using spin-transfer torque MRAM. In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). 2169--2172.

[27]

Zhang et al. 2018. Nanoscale diffusive memristor crossbars as physical unclonable functions. Nanoscale 10, 6 (2018), 2721--2726.

[28]

Zahoor et al. 2020. Resistive random access memory (RRAM): an overview of materials, switching mechanism, performance, multilevel cell (MLC) storage, modeling, and applications. Nanoscale research letters 15, 1 (2020), 1--26.

Cited By

Zahoor FNisar ABature UAbbas HBashir FChattopadhyay AKaushik BAlzahrani AHussin F(2024)An overview of critical applications of resistive random access memoryNanoscale Advances10.1039/D4NA00158C6:20(4980-5006)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NA00158C
Singh SZahoor FRajendran GRana VPatkar SChattopadhyay AMerchant F(2023)Integrated Architecture for Neural Networks and Security Primitives using RRAM Crossbar2023 21st IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198126(1-5)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198126
Gayakvad KSomdatta KMathe VDongale TW MPatankar K(2023)Spinel ferrites for resistive random access memory applicationsEmergent Materials10.1007/s42247-023-00576-y7:1(103-131)Online publication date: 22-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00576-y

Index Terms

Hardware Security Primitives Using Passive RRAM Crossbar Array: Novel TRNG and PUF Designs
1. Security and privacy
  1. Security in hardware
    1. Embedded systems security
    2. Hardware security implementation

Recommendations

Physical unclonable function and true random number generator: a compact and scalable implementation
GLSVLSI '09: Proceedings of the 19th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) and True Random Number Generators (TRNG) are two very useful components in secure system design. PUFs can be used to extract chip-unique signatures and volatile secret keys, whereas TRNGs are used for generating ...
Security Primitive Design with Nanoscale Devices: A Case Study with Resistive RAM
GLSVLSI '16: Proceedings of the 26th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI

Inherent stochastic physical mechanisms in emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs), such as resistive random-access-memory (RRAM), have recently been explored for hardware security applications. Unlike the conventional silicon Physical Unclonable Functions (...
The Applications of NVM Technology in Hardware Security
GLSVLSI '16: Proceedings of the 26th edition on Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI

The emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies have demonstrated great potentials in revolutionizing modern memory hierarchy because of their many promising properties: nanosecond read/write time, small cell area, non-volatility, and easy CMOS ...

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

ASPDAC '23: Proceedings of the 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

January 2023

807 pages

ISBN:9781450397834

DOI:10.1145/3566097

General Chair:
Atsushi Takahashi
Tokyo Institute of Technology

Copyright © 2023 Owner/Author.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

Sponsors

SIGDA: ACM Special Interest Group on Design Automation

In-Cooperation

IPSJ
IEEE CAS
IEEE CEDA
IEICE

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 31 January 2023

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Invited-talk

Funding Sources

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation)

Conference

ASPDAC '23

Sponsor:

SIGDA

ASPDAC '23: 28th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference

January 16 - 19, 2023

Tokyo, Japan

Acceptance Rates

ASPDAC '23 Paper Acceptance Rate 102 of 328 submissions, 31%;

Overall Acceptance Rate 466 of 1,454 submissions, 32%

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

3
Total Citations
View Citations
356
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)133
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)11

Reflects downloads up to 05 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Zahoor FNisar ABature UAbbas HBashir FChattopadhyay AKaushik BAlzahrani AHussin F(2024)An overview of critical applications of resistive random access memoryNanoscale Advances10.1039/D4NA00158C6:20(4980-5006)Online publication date: 2024
https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NA00158C
Singh SZahoor FRajendran GRana VPatkar SChattopadhyay AMerchant F(2023)Integrated Architecture for Neural Networks and Security Primitives using RRAM Crossbar2023 21st IEEE Interregional NEWCAS Conference (NEWCAS)10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198126(1-5)Online publication date: 26-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/NEWCAS57931.2023.10198126
Gayakvad KSomdatta KMathe VDongale TW MPatankar K(2023)Spinel ferrites for resistive random access memory applicationsEmergent Materials10.1007/s42247-023-00576-y7:1(103-131)Online publication date: 22-Nov-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-023-00576-y

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Figures

Tables

Media

View Table of Conten