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Fixed-point FPGA Implementation of the FFT Accumulation Method for Real-time Cyclostationary Analysis

Published: 22 June 2023 Publication History

Abstract

The spectral correlation density (SCD) is an important tool in cyclostationary signal detection and classification. Even using efficient techniques based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), real-time implementations are challenging because of the high computational complexity. A key dimension for computational optimization lies in minimizing the wordlength employed. In this article, we analyze the relationship between wordlength and signal-to-quantization noise in fixed-point implementations of the SCD function. A canonical SCD estimation algorithm, the FFT accumulation method (FAM) using fixed-point arithmetic, is studied. We derive closed-form expressions for SQNR and compare them at wordlengths ranging from 14 to 26 bits. The differences between the calculated SQNR and bit-exact simulations are less than 1 dB. Furthermore, an HLS-based FPGA design is implemented on a Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ XCZU28DR-2FFVG1517E RFSoC. Using less than 25% of the logic fabric on the device, it consumes 7.7 W total on-chip power and has a power efficiency of 12.4 GOPS/W, which is an order of magnitude improvement over an Nvidia Tesla K40 graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation. In terms of throughput, it achieves 50 MS/sec, which is a speedup of 1.6 over a recent optimized FPGA implementation.

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  • (2023)Steel Surface Defect Detection Based on SSAM-YOLOInternational Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach10.4018/IJITSA.32809116:3(1-13)Online publication date: 18-Aug-2023

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems  Volume 16, Issue 3
September 2023
447 pages
ISSN:1936-7406
EISSN:1936-7414
DOI:10.1145/3604889
  • Editor:
  • Deming Chen
Issue’s Table of Contents

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Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 22 June 2023
Online AM: 10 October 2022
Accepted: 20 September 2022
Revised: 22 August 2022
Received: 17 June 2022
Published in TRETS Volume 16, Issue 3

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  1. SCD
  2. FAM
  3. quantization error
  4. HLS
  5. FPGAs

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  • (2023)Steel Surface Defect Detection Based on SSAM-YOLOInternational Journal of Information Technologies and Systems Approach10.4018/IJITSA.32809116:3(1-13)Online publication date: 18-Aug-2023

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