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Trust Estimation for Autonomous Vehicles by Measuring Pedestrian Behavior in VR

Published: 13 March 2023 Publication History

Abstract

This study proposes a method to estimate pedestrian trust in an automated vehicle (AV) based on pedestrian behavior. It conducted experiments in a VR environment where an AV approached a crosswalk. Participants rated their trust in the AV at three levels before/while they crossed the road. The level can be estimated by deep learning using their skeletal coordinates, position, vehicle position, and speed during the past four seconds. The estimation accuracy was 61%.

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References

[1]
Zhou, S., Sun, X., Liu, B., & Burnett, G. Factors Affecting Pedestrians' Trust in Automated Vehicles: Literature Review and Theoretical Model. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, pp, 1--11, 2021.
[2]
Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors, 46 (1), 50--80, 2004.
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Toshiyuki Inagaki. ???????????? (Design for Symbiosis between Human and Machine), Morikita Publishing Corp., 2012 (in Japanese).
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Jayaraman, S. K., Creech, C., Tilbury, D. M., Yang, X. J., Pradhan, A. K., Tsui, K. M., & Robert, L. P. Pedestrian Trust in Automated Vehicles: Role of Traffic Signal and AV Driving Behavior. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 6, 1--30, 2019.
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Takumi K., & Miho I. Impact Analysis of Maneuver and Avoidance Performance of Autonomous Vehicles on Pedestrians' Crossing Decisions. Japan Society of Traffic Engineers, Vol. 6, No. 2 (special edition A), pp. A_87-A_96, 2020 (in Japanese).
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Lagstrom, T. and Lundgren, V. M. AVIP - Autonomous vehicles interaction with pedestrians. Master of Science Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, 2015.
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Cao, Z., Simon, T., Wei, S. E., & Sheikh, Y. Realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields. Proceedings - 30th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2017, 2017-January, 1302--1310, 2017.
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Lee, J., & Moray, N. Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. Ergonomics, 35 (10), 1243--1270, 1992.

Cited By

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  • (2025)Does Another Pedestrian Matter? A Virtual Reality Study on the Interaction Between Multiple Pedestrians and Autonomous Vehicles in Shared SpaceIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems10.1109/TITS.2024.348255826:1(196-209)Online publication date: Jan-2025

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  1. Trust Estimation for Autonomous Vehicles by Measuring Pedestrian Behavior in VR

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    cover image ACM Conferences
    HRI '23: Companion of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction
    March 2023
    612 pages
    ISBN:9781450399708
    DOI:10.1145/3568294
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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    Published: 13 March 2023

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    Author Tags

    1. automated vehicles
    2. deep learning
    3. human-automation interaction
    4. trust in automation

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    • (2025)Does Another Pedestrian Matter? A Virtual Reality Study on the Interaction Between Multiple Pedestrians and Autonomous Vehicles in Shared SpaceIEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems10.1109/TITS.2024.348255826:1(196-209)Online publication date: Jan-2025

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