skip to main content
10.1145/3573428.3573767acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageseitceConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Fast CU Partition Algorithm Based on CNN in Intra Prediction

Authors Info & Claims
Published:15 March 2023Publication History

ABSTRACT

The latest video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) also called H.266, adopts quadtree with nested multitype tree (QTMT) coding block structure and still uses recursive rate-distortion (RD) to find the best intraframe coding unit (CU) partition, which accounts for more than 97% of the coding time. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a fast CNN-based intraframe CU partition algorithm. The proposed approach, containing the CNN model, is implemented on the VVC official software VTM 14.0. A CU size of 64 × 64 is the input of the CNN, and the common test condition (CTC) sequences are encoded using four QPs {22,27,32,37} in the All-Intra (AI) configuration to verify the proposed method. The results showed that the encoding time was reduced by 42.15% in AI mode at the cost of a 0.85% increase in Bjøntegaard delta bit rate (BD-BR) compared with the official VTM14.0.

References

  1. Pakdaman, F., Adelimanesh, M. A., Gabbouj, M., & Hashemi, M. R. 2020, October. Complexity analysis of next-generation VVC encoding and decoding. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (pp. 3134-3138). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Tissier, A., Mercat, A., Amestoy, T., Hamidouche, W., Vanne, J., & Menard, D. 2019, September. Complexity reduction opportunities in the future VVC intra encoder. In 2019 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Saldanha, M., Sanchez, G., Marcon, C., & Agostini, L. 2020, October. Complexity analysis of VVC intra coding. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (pp. 3119-3123). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. Shen, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Zhao, W., & Zhang, Z. 2012. An effective CU size decision method for HEVC encoders. IEEE transactions on multimedia, 15(2), 465-470.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. Fu, B., Zhang, Q., & Hu, J. 2020. Fast prediction mode selection and CU partition for HEVC intra coding. IET Image Processing, 14 (9), 1892-1900.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  6. Li, T., Xu, M., & Deng, X. 2017, July. A deep convolutional neural network approach for complexity reduction on intra-mode HEVC. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (pp. 1255-1260). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Kim, K., & Ro, W. W. 2018. Fast CU depth decision for HEVC using neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 29(5), 1462-1473.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Xu, M., Li, T., Wang, Z., Deng, X., Yang, R., & Guan, Z. 2018. Reducing complexity of HEVC: A deep learning approach. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 27(10), 5044-5059.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Li, T., Xu, M., Deng, X., & Shen, L. 2020. Accelerate CTU partition to real time for HEVC encoding with complexity control. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 29, 7482-7496.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Feng, A., Gao, C., Li, L., Liu, D., & Wu, F. 2021, July. Cnn-Based Depth Map Prediction for Fast Block Partitioning in HEVC Intra Coding. In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Tao, H., Lu, Jin., & Li, Y. 2021. A Fast Division Algorithm for VVC Intra-Frame Coding Units. Journal of Chinese Mini-Micro Computer Systems (07), 1470-1474. doi:Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Cui, J., Zhang, T., Gu, C., Zhang, X., & Ma, S. 2020, March. Gradient-Based Early Termination of CU Partition in VVC Intra Coding. In DCC (pp. 103-112).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. Fu, T., Zhang, H., Mu, F., & Chen, H. 2019, July. Fast CU partitioning algorithm for H. 266/VVC intra-frame coding. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) (pp. 55-60). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. Yang, H., Shen, L., Dong, X., Ding, Q., An, P., & Jiang, G. 2019. Low-complexity CTU partition structure decision and fast intra mode decision for versatile video coding. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 30(6), 1668-1682.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  15. Galpin, F., Racapé, F., Jaiswal, S., Bordes, P., Le Léannec, F., & François, E. 2019, March. CNN-based driving of block partitioning for intra slices encoding. In 2019 Data Compression Conference (DCC) (pp. 162-171). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Tissier, A., Hamidouche, W., Vanne, J., Galpin, F., & Menard, D. 2020, October. CNN oriented complexity reduction of VVC intra encoder. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) (pp. 3139-3143). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  17. Zhang, Q., Guo, R., Jiang, B., & Su, R. 2021. Fast CU Decision-Making Algorithm Based on DenseNet Network for VVC. IEEE Access, 9, 119289-119297.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Li, T., Xu, M., Tang, R., Chen, Y., & Xing, Q. 2021. DeepQTMT: A deep learning approach for fast QTMT-based CU partition of intra-mode VVC. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 30, 5377-5390.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. Fu, P. C., Yen, C. C., Yang, N. C., & Wang, J. S. 2021, June. Two-phase Scheme for Trimming QTMT CU Partition using Multi-branch Convolutional Neural Networks. In 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. S.-h. Park and J.-W. Kang, "Fast Multi-Type Tree Partitioning for Versatile Video Coding Using a Lightweight Neural Network," in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 23, pp. 4388-4399, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TMM.2020.3042062.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Yeo, W. H., & Kim, B. G. 2021. CNN-based Fast Split Mode Decision Algorithm for Versatile Video Coding (VVC) Inter Prediction. Journal of Multimedia Information System, 8(3), 147-158.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Zhu, X., and M. Bain. "B-CNN: Branch Convolutional Neural Network for Hierarchical Classification." 2017.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. 2016, October. Identity mappings in deep residual networks. In European conference on computer vision (pp. 630-645). Springer, Cham.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Recommendations

Comments

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Sign in
  • Published in

    cover image ACM Other conferences
    EITCE '22: Proceedings of the 2022 6th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering
    October 2022
    1999 pages
    ISBN:9781450397148
    DOI:10.1145/3573428

    Copyright © 2022 ACM

    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    • Published: 15 March 2023

    Permissions

    Request permissions about this article.

    Request Permissions

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate508of972submissions,52%
  • Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)18
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)2

    Other Metrics

PDF Format

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format .

View HTML Format