skip to main content
10.1145/3574318.3574331acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesfireConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Extracting Ironic Tweets using Experts Model

Published:12 January 2023Publication History

ABSTRACT

Posts on Twitter allow users to express ideas and opinions very dynamically. This high volume of data provides relevant clues about the public judgment on a specific product, event, service, etc. While traditional sentiment analysis primarily focuses on classifying the sentiment in general (positive or negative) or at an aspect level (very positive, low negative, and so on) and cannot exploit the intensity information. Recently, the problem of irony detection in social media has been proven to be pervasive among research enthusiasts, posing a challenge to sentiment analysis systems. Moreover, the figurative use of language has received scarce attention from the computational linguistic research point of view. This paper proposes an architecture, the Experts Model, inspired by the standard Mixture of Experts (MoE) model. The key idea here is that each expert learns different sets of features from the feature vector, which helps in better irony detection (Ironic vs. Non-ironic - SemEval-2018 subtask A) and ironic type detection (Verbal irony with vs. without polarity contrast vs. Situational irony vs. Non-irony - SemEval-2018 subtask B) from the tweet. We compared our Experts Model’s results with baseline results along with the top five performers of SemEval-2018 Task-3, Ironic detection. The experimental results show that our proposed approach deals with the ironic detection problem and stands at the top-3 results. We opted for a transfer learning approach by applying our proposed model on three different datasets #ironic, #sarcasm, and #humor, and we achieved a better F1-score.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

References

  1. Rafael T Anchiêta, Francisco Assis Ricarte Neto, Rogério Figueiredo de Sousa, and Raimundo Santos Moura. 2015. Using stylometric features for sentiment classification. In International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistics. Springer, 189–200.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Stefano Baccianella, Andrea Esuli, and Fabrizio Sebastiani. 2010. Sentiwordnet 3.0: An enhanced lexical resource for sentiment analysis and opinion mining. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC’10).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Francesco Barbieri, Horacio Saggion, and Francesco Ronzano. 2014. Modelling sarcasm in twitter, a novel approach. In Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis. 50–58.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  4. Konstantin Bauman, Bing Liu, and Alexander Tuzhilin. 2017. Aspect based recommendations: Recommending items with the most valuable aspects based on user reviews. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 717–725.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Christos Baziotis, Nikos Athanasiou, Pinelopi Papalampidi, Athanasia Kolovou, Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Nikolaos Ellinas, and Alexandros Potamianos. 2018. NTUA-SLP at SemEval-2018 Task 3: Tracking Ironic Tweets using Ensembles of Word and Character Level Attentive RNNs. CoRR abs/1804.06659(2018). arxiv:1804.06659Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Piotr Bojanowski, Edouard Grave, Armand Joulin, and Tomas Mikolov. 2017. Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information. Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 5 (2017), 135–146.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. Mondher Bouazizi and Tomoaki Otsuki Ohtsuki. 2016. A pattern based approach for sarcasm detection on Twitter. IEEE Access 4, 5477–5488.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  8. Paula Carvalho, Luís Sarmento, Mário J Silva, and Eugénio De Oliveira. 2009. Clues for detecting irony in user-generated contents: oh...!! it’s so easy;-. In Proceedings of the 1st international CIKM workshop on Topic-sentiment analysis for mass opinion. ACM, 53–56.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. Dmitry Davidov, Oren Tsur, and Ari Rappoport. 2010. Semi-supervised recognition of sarcastic sentences in twitter and amazon. In Proceedings of the fourteenth conference on computational natural language learning. Association for Computational Linguistics, 107–116.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  10. Nikita Desai and Anandkumar D Dave. 2016. Sarcasm detection in hindi sentences using support vector machine. International Journal 4, 7 (2016), 8–15.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Bjarke Felbo, Alan Mislove, Anders Søgaard, Iyad Rahwan, and Sune Lehmann. 2017. Using millions of emoji occurrences to learn any-domain representations for detecting sentiment, emotion and sarcasm. In Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP).Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  12. Aniruddha Ghosh and Tony Veale. 2016. Fracking sarcasm using neural network. In Proceedings of the 7th workshop on computational approaches to subjectivity, sentiment and social media analysis. 161–169.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Roberto González-Ibánez, Smaranda Muresan, and Nina Wacholder. 2011. Identifying sarcasm in Twitter: a closer look. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Short Papers-Volume 2. Association for Computational Linguistics, 581–586.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. Robert A Jacobs, Michael I Jordan, Steven J Nowlan, and Geoffrey E Hinton. 1991. Adaptive mixtures of local experts. Neural computation 3, 1 (1991), 79–87.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Michael I Jordan and Robert A Jacobs. 1994. Hierarchical mixtures of experts and the EM algorithm. Neural computation 6, 2 (1994), 181–214.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. Michael I Jordan and Lei Xu. 1995. Convergence results for the EM approach to mixtures of experts architectures. Neural networks 8, 9 (1995), 1409–1431.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Aditya Joshi, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, and Mark J Carman. 2017. Automatic sarcasm detection: A survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 50, 5 (2017), 73.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Anupam Khattri, Aditya Joshi, Pushpak Bhattacharyya, and Mark Carman. 2015. Your sentiment precedes you: Using an author’s historical tweets to predict sarcasm. In Proceedings of the 6th workshop on computational approaches to subjectivity, sentiment and social media analysis. 25–30.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. Ryan Kiros, Yukun Zhu, Ruslan R Salakhutdinov, Richard Zemel, Raquel Urtasun, Antonio Torralba, and Sanja Fidler. 2015. Skip-thought vectors. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 3294–3302.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. Sebastian Kreuz, Daniela Siegmund, Peter Scheurich, and Harald Wajant. 2001. NF-κB inducers upregulate cFLIP, a cycloheximide-sensitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling. Molecular and cellular biology 21, 12 (2001), 3964–3973.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Bing Liu and Lei Zhang. 2012. A survey of opinion mining and sentiment analysis. In Mining text data. Springer, 415–463.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. DG Maynard and Mark A Greenwood. 2014. Who cares about sarcastic tweets? investigating the impact of sarcasm on sentiment analysis. In LREC 2014 Proceedings. ELRA.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Tomas Mikolov, Ilya Sutskever, Kai Chen, Greg S Corrado, and Jeff Dean. 2013. Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 3111–3119.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. Saif Mohammad and Felipe Bravo-Marquez. 2017. Emotion Intensities in Tweets. In Proceedings of the 6th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (* SEM 2017). 65–77.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  25. Finn Årup Nielsen. 2011. A new ANEW: Evaluation of a word list for sentiment analysis in microblogs. arXiv preprint arXiv:1103.2903(2011).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Steven J Nowlan and Geoffrey E Hinton. 1991. Evaluation of adaptive mixtures of competing experts. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 774–780.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Georgios Paltoglou, Mike Thelwall, and Kevan Buckley. 2010. Online textual communications annotated with grades of emotion strength. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop of Emotion: Corpora for research on Emotion and Affect. 25–31.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Bo Pang, Lillian Lee, 2008. Opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval 2, 1–2(2008), 1–135.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher D. Manning. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. In Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 1532–1543. http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D14-1162Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. Saša Petrović, Miles Osborne, and Victor Lavrenko. 2010. The edinburgh twitter corpus. In Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational Linguistics in a World of Social Media. 25–26.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  31. Soujanya Poria, Erik Cambria, Devamanyu Hazarika, and Prateek Vij. 2016. A deeper look into sarcastic tweets using deep convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.08815(2016).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  32. Antonio Reyes and Paolo Rosso. 2014. On the difficulty of automatically detecting irony: beyond a simple case of negation. Knowledge and Information Systems 40, 3 (2014), 595–614.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  33. Antonio Reyes, Paolo Rosso, and Davide Buscaldi. 2009. Humor in the blogosphere: First clues for a verbal humor taxonomy. Journal of Intelligent Systems 18, 4 (2009), 311–332.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  34. Antonio Reyes, Paolo Rosso, and Tony Veale. 2013. A multidimensional approach for detecting irony in twitter. Language resources and evaluation 47, 1 (2013), 239–268.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  35. Omid Rohanian, Shiva Taslimipoor, Richard Evans, and Ruslan Mitkov. 2018. WLV at SemEval-2018 Task 3: Dissecting Tweets in Search of Irony. In Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 553–559.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  36. Jacopo Staiano and Marco Guerini. 2014. Depeche Mood: a Lexicon for Emotion Analysis from Crowd Annotated News. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), Vol. 2. 427–433.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  37. Cynthia Van Hee, Els Lefever, and Véronique Hoste. 2016. Exploring the Realization of Irony in Twitter Data.. In LREC.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  38. Cynthia Van Hee, Els Lefever, and Véronique Hoste. 2018. Semeval-2018 task 3: Irony detection in english tweets. In Proceedings of The 12th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation. 39–50.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  39. Tony Veale and Yanfen Hao. 2010. Detecting ironic intent in creative comparisons. In ECAI 2010. IOS Press, 765–770.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. Byron C Wallace. 2015. Computational irony: A survey and new perspectives. Artificial Intelligence Review 43, 4 (2015), 467–483.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  41. Theresa Wilson, Janyce Wiebe, and Paul Hoffmann. 2005. Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis. In Proceedings of the conference on human language technology and empirical methods in natural language processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 347–354.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  42. Theresa Wilson, Janyce Wiebe, and Rebecca Hwa. 2004. Just how mad are you? Finding strong and weak opinion clauses. In aaai, Vol. 4. 761–769.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  43. Seniha Esen Yuksel, Joseph N Wilson, and Paul D Gader. 2012. Twenty years of mixture of experts. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems 23, 8(2012), 1177–1193.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Extracting Ironic Tweets using Experts Model

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in
          • Published in

            cover image ACM Other conferences
            FIRE '22: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation
            December 2022
            101 pages
            ISBN:9798400700231
            DOI:10.1145/3574318

            Copyright © 2022 ACM

            Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 12 January 2023

            Permissions

            Request permissions about this article.

            Request Permissions

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • research-article
            • Research
            • Refereed limited

            Acceptance Rates

            Overall Acceptance Rate19of64submissions,30%
          • Article Metrics

            • Downloads (Last 12 months)41
            • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1

            Other Metrics

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader

          HTML Format

          View this article in HTML Format .

          View HTML Format