Coldness Presentation to Ventral Forearm using Electrical Stimulation with Elastic Gel and Anesthetic Cream
Pages 46 - 54
Abstract
To augment and enhance VR experience, various devices have been proposed to provide thermal sensations. In particular, Peltier devices are commonly used to induce cold sensations. However, these devices are unsuitable for long-term use due to high energy consumption. This study investigates the use of electrical stimulation to generate thermal sensation in the arm for future wearable applications. Due to its small size and low power requirements, electrical stimulation is unlikely to interfere with body movement or disrupt immersion. Furthermore, providing thermal sensation to the arm is expected to enhance immersion in VR content without interfering with hand movements. In addition, tactile sensation can also be presented by the electrical stimulation. However, electrical stimulation to the arm normally cannot provide a stable temperature sensation because pain threshold is too close to tactile and temperature threshold. We tackled this issue by two ways; one is by applying a gel layer to the arm to suppress the pain sensation by diffusing the current, and the other is by using local anesthetic cream. As a result, we found that electrical stimulation to the arm generated a cold sensation at several points out of 61 electrodes in both cases. The results of the evaluation experiments revealed that stimulation pulse width and polarity of electrical stimulation gave little effect, while there seems to be a trend that anodic stimulation using the gel tended to generate a cold sensation at relatively high intensity, and cathodic stimulation using either the gel and local anesthetic cream tended to have cold sensation over a wider area.
References
[1]
Jas Brooks, Shan-Yuan Teng, Jingxuan Wen, Romain Nith, Jun Nishida, and Pedro Lopes. 2021. Stereo-Smell via Electrical Trigeminal Stimulation. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 502, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445300
[2]
Shaoyu Cai, Pingchuan Ke, Takuji Narumi, and Kening Zhu. 2020. ThermAirGlove: A Pneumatic Glove for Thermal Perception and Material Identification in Virtual Reality. In 2020 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR46266.2020.00044
[3]
Giulia Corniani and Hannes P. Saal. 2020. Tactile innervation densities across the whole body. Journal of Neurophysiology 124, 4 (2020), 1229–1240. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00313.2020 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00313.2020PMID: 32965159.
[4]
Dustin T. Goetz, David K. Owusu-Antwi, and Heather Culbertson. 2020. PATCH: Pump-Actuated Thermal Compression Haptics. In 2020 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS). 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1109/HAPTICS45997.2020.ras.HAP20.32.c4048ec3
[5]
Takumi Hamazaki, Taiga Saito, Seitaro Kaneko, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2022. Expanding Dynamic Range of Electrical Stimulation Using Anesthetic Cream. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06249-0_21
[6]
Ping-Hsuan Han, Yang-Sheng Chen, Kong-Chang Lee, Hao-Cheng Wang, Chiao-En Hsieh, Jui-Chun Hsiao, Chien-Hsing Chou, and Yi-Ping Hung. 2018. Haptic around: Multiple Tactile Sensations for Immersive Environment and Interaction in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 24th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (Tokyo, Japan) (VRST ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 35, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3281505.3281507
[7]
Surina Hariri, Nur Ain Mustafa, Kasun Karunanayaka, and Adrian David Cheok. 2016. Electrical Stimulation of Olfactory Receptors for Digitizing Smell. In Proceedings of the 2016 Workshop on Multimodal Virtual and Augmented Reality (Tokyo, Japan) (MVAR ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 4, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3001959.3001964
[8]
Wakae Hayashi, Yuriko Ogawa, and Yoshiko Yoshiyuki. 1979. Prick and Thermal Sensation Produced by Focal Electrical Stimulation of the Dorsal Part of the Hand. In Journal of Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Vol. 49. 973–981.
[9]
Johannes Hummel, Janki Dodiya, German Aerospace Center, Laura Eckardt, Robin Wolff, Andreas Gerndt, and Torsten W. Kuhlen. 2016. A lightweight electrotactile feedback device for grasp improvement in immersive virtual environments. In 2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR). 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2016.7504686
[10]
K.A. Kaczmarek, M.E. Tyler, and P. Bach-Y-Rita. 1994. Electrotactile haptic display on the fingertips: preliminary results. In Proceedings of 16th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Vol. 2. 940–941 vol.2. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1994.415223
[11]
Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2016. Electro-tactile Display: Principle and Hardware. Springer Japan, Tokyo, 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55772-2_5
[12]
Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2021. Electro-Tactile Display Kit for Fingertip. In 2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). 587–587. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC49131.2021.9517192
[13]
Seung-Won Kim, Sung Hee Kim, Choong Sun Kim, Kyoungsoo Yi, Jun-Sik Kim, Byung Jin Cho, and Youngsu Cha. 2020. Thermal display glove for interacting with virtual reality. Scientific Reports 10, 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68362-y
[14]
Spencer Liu, Dan J. Kopacz, and Randall L. Carpenter. 1995. Quantitative Assessment of Differential Sensory Nerve Block after Lidocaine Spinal Anesthesia . Anesthesiology 82, 1 (01 1995), 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199501000-00009 arXiv:https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article-pdf/82/1/60/389789/0000542-199501000-00009.pdf
[15]
Jasmine Lu, Ziwei Liu, Jas Brooks, and Pedro Lopes. 2021. Chemical Haptics: Rendering Haptic Sensations via Topical Stimulants. In The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474747
[16]
Tomosuke Maeda and Tetsuo Kurahashi. 2019. TherModule: Wearable and Modular Thermal Feedback System Based on a Wireless Platform. In Proceedings of the 10th Augmented Human International Conference 2019 (Reims, France) (AH2019). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 14, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311823.3311826
[17]
Homei Miyashita. 2020. Taste Display That Reproduces Tastes Measured by a Taste Sensor. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1085–1093. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379337.3415852
[18]
Taha Moriyama and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2022. Wearable Haptic Device Presenting Sensations of Fingertips to the Forearm. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 15, 1 (2022), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2022.3143663
[19]
Mitsuru Nakajima, Keisuke Hasegawa, Yasutoshi Makino, and Hiroyuki Shinoda. 2021. Spatiotemporal Pinpoint Cooling Sensation Produced by Ultrasound-Driven Mist Vaporization on Skin. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 14, 4 (2021), 874–884. https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2021.3086516
[20]
Takuji Narumi, Akagawa Tomohiro, Young Ah Seong, and Michitaka Hirose. 2009. Characterizing the Space by Thermal Feedback through a Wearable Device. In Virtual and Mixed Reality, Randall Shumaker (Ed.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 355–364.
[21]
Arshad Nasser, Kai-Ning Keng, and Kening Zhu. 2020. ThermalCane: Exploring Thermotactile Directional Cues on Cane-Grip for Non-Visual Navigation. In Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, Greece) (ASSETS ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 20, 12 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3417004
[22]
Arshad Nasser, Kexin Zheng, and Kening Zhu. 2021. ThermEarhook: Investigating Spatial Thermal Haptic Feedback on the Auricular Skin Area. In Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (Montréal, QC, Canada) (ICMI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 662–672. https://doi.org/10.1145/3462244.3479922
[23]
Arinobu Niijima, Toki Takeda, Takafumi Mukouchi, and Takashi Satou. 2020. ThermalBitDisplay: Haptic Display Providing Thermal Feedback Perceived Differently Depending on Body Parts. In Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI EA ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.3382849
[24]
Roshan Lalitha Peiris, Yuan-Ling Feng, Liwei Chan, and Kouta Minamizawa. 2019. ThermalBracelet: Exploring Thermal Haptic Feedback Around the Wrist. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300400
[25]
Margherita Peruzzini, Michele Germani, and Maura Mengoni. 2012. Electro-tactile device for texture simulation. In Proceedings of 2012 IEEE/ASME 8th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications. 178–183. https://doi.org/10.1109/MESA.2012.6275558
[26]
Henning Pohl and Kasper Hornbæk. 2018. ElectricItch: Skin Irritation as a Feedback Modality. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Berlin, Germany) (UIST ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 765–778. https://doi.org/10.1145/3242587.3242647
[27]
C.J. Poletto and C.L. Van Doren. 2002. Elevating pain thresholds in humans using depolarizing prepulses. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 49, 10 (2002), 1221–1224. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2002.803563
[28]
Mehdi Rahimi and Yantao Shen. 2019. Adaptive Spatial Mapping of Electro-tactile Threshold Based on Subdivision Bio-Impedance Feedback. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR). 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1109/RCAR47638.2019.9043999
[29]
Taiga Saito, Jianyao Zhang, Takayuki Kameoka, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2021. Thermal Sensation on Forehead Using Electrical Stimulation: Thermal Sensation Using Electrical Stimulation. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI EA ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 217, 5 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451724
[30]
Taiga Saito, Jianyao Zhang, Takayuki Kameoka, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2021. Thermal sensation presentation to the forehead using electrical stimulation: comparison with other tactile modalities. In 2021 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). 888–893. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC49131.2021.9517195
[31]
Katsunari Sato and Takashi Maeno. 2013. Presentation of Rapid Temperature Change Using Spatially Divided Hot and Cold Stimuli. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 25, 3 (2013), 497–505. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2013.p0497
[32]
Yantao Shen, John Gregory, and Ning Xi. 2014. Stimulation current control for load-aware electrotactile haptic rendering: Modeling and simulation. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 62, 1 (2014), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2012.07.010 New Boundaries of Robotics.
[33]
Yuxiang Shi, Fan Wang, Jingwen Tian, Shuyao Li, Engang Fu, Jinhui Nie, Rui Lei, Yafei Ding, Xiangyu Chen, and Zhong Lin Wang. 2021. Self-powered electro-tactile system for virtual tactile experiences. Science Advances 7, 6 (2021), eabe2943. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe2943 arXiv:https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.abe2943
[34]
Mai Shibahara and Katsunari Sato. 2019. Illusion of Wetness by Dynamic Touch. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 12, 4 (2019), 533–541. https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2019.2919575
[35]
T. Tamura U. Lee. 1995. Thermal Spot over Human Body Surface (Part I) Regional Difference in Cold Spot (Distribution),. In Human and Living Environment. in Japanese.
[36]
Sebastian Vizcay, Panagiotis Kourtesis, Ferran Argelaguet, Claudio Pacchierotti, and Maud Marchal. 2021. Electrotactile Feedback For Enhancing Contact Information in Virtual Reality. ICAT-EGVE 2021 - International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence and Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments (2021). https://doi.org/10.2312/EGVE.20211331
[37]
Jiayi Xu, Yoshihiro Kuroda, Shunsuke Yoshimoto, and Osamu Oshiro. 2019. Non-contact Cold Thermal Display by Controlling Low-temperature Air Flow Generated with Vortex Tube. In 2019 IEEE World Haptics Conference (WHC). 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1109/WHC.2019.8816089
[38]
A. Yamamoto, B. Cros, H. Hashimoto, and T. Higuchi. 2004. Control of thermal tactile display based on prediction of contact temperature. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA ’04. 2004, Vol. 2. 1536–1541 Vol.2. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2004.1308042
[39]
Vibol Yem and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2017. Comparative Evaluation of Tactile Sensation by Electrical and Mechanical Stimulation. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 10, 1 (2017), 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2016.2605084
[40]
Vibol Yem, Sugarragchaa Khurelbaatar, Erika Oishi, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2018. Tactile Presentation Using Mechanical and Electrical Stimulation. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4157-0_24
[41]
Vibol Yem, Kevin Vu, Yuki Kon, and Hiroyuki Kajimoto. 2018. Effect of Electrical Stimulation Haptic Feedback on Perceptions of Softness-Hardness and Stickiness While Touching a Virtual Object. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2018.8446403
[42]
Shunsuke Yoshimoto, Yoshihiro Kuroda, Masataka Imura, and Osamu Oshiro. 2015. Material Roughness Modulation via Electrotactile Augmentation. IEEE Transactions on Haptics 8, 2 (2015), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1109/TOH.2015.2412942
Index Terms
- Coldness Presentation to Ventral Forearm using Electrical Stimulation with Elastic Gel and Anesthetic Cream
Recommendations
Thermal Sensation on Forehead Using Electrical Stimulation: Thermal Sensation Using Electrical Stimulation
CHI EA '21: Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsThermal sensation systems are embedded into head-mounted displays using Peltier devices, water, or chemical substances to enhance the sense of presence in virtual reality environments. We propose a new method of presenting thermal sensation to the ...
A phenomenological model for electrical stimulation of the upper limb
iCREATe '10: Proceedings of the 4th International Convention on Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive TechnologyNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) reanimates the paralyzed limb by using electrical currents to stimulate the motor nerves to produce a muscle contraction. The resulting limb movement is difficult to control, as the relationship between ...
Arm-cranking exercise assisted by Functional Electrical Stimulation in C6 tetraplegia: A pilot study
Tetraplegic volunteers undertook progressive exercise training, using novel systems for arm-cranking exercise assisted by Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The main aim was to determine potential training effects of FES-assisted arm-crank ...
Comments
Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
March 2023
395 pages
Copyright © 2023 ACM.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 14 March 2023
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Research-article
- Research
- Refereed limited
Funding Sources
- JSPS KAKENHI
Conference
AHs '23
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- 0Total Citations
- 123Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)34
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 28 Feb 2025
Other Metrics
Citations
Cited By
View allView Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign inFull Access
View options
View or Download as a PDF file.
PDFeReader
View online with eReader.
eReaderHTML Format
View this article in HTML Format.
HTML Format