ABSTRACT
Over time, the desks of office workers often get cluttered with documents, items, and other objects that are unrelated to the work being done. These objects become visual noise. Visual noise tends to reduce the worker’s concentration on their work. Therefore, it is desirable to have an uncluttered environment to work. We propose DecluttAR, a system that controls the visibility of clutter objects by using a video see-through head-mounted display and an RGB-D camera. Our system first generates a 3D model of the empty desk, and then automatically generates a 3D model of each object that is newly placed on the desk. Then, the user can interactively control each object’s visibility which is superimposed on the corresponding real object. Four types of object appearance adjustments are implemented: normal, grayscale, outline, and transparency. To investigate changes in the ability to concentrate in different appearances, a user study was conducted in which a simple arithmetic task was performed in four appearances. The results show that the number of answers in the arithmetic task for the transparent display increased compared to the normal display in the first half of the task. This result indicates that the participants are able to enter a state of concentration on the task more quickly by making the object invisible. In addition, the questionnaire-based subjective evaluation revealed that the transparent display had a lower workload and a higher user evaluation followed by the outline display.
- Jans Aasman, Gijsbertus Mulder, and Lambertus J. M. Mulder. 1987. Operator Effort and the Measurement of Heart-Rate Variability. Human Factors 29, 2 (1987), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088702900204Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Carmen Acosta, Juana Gallar, and Carlos Belmonte. 1999. The Influence of Eye Solutions on Blinking and Ocular Comfort at Rest and During Work at Video Display Terminals. Experimental Eye Research 68, 6 (1999), 663–669. https://doi.org/10.1006/exer.1998.0656Google ScholarCross Ref
- Alan Allport, Elizabeth A Styles, and Shulan Hsieh. 1994. Shifting intentional set: Exploring the dynamic control of tasks. Attention and performance 15: Conscious and nonconscious information processing. Attention and performance series(1994), 421–452.Google Scholar
- George A Alvarez and Patrick Cavanagh. 2004. The Capacity of Visual Short-Term Memory is Set Both by Visual Information Load and by Number of Objects. Psychological Science 15, 2 (2004), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502006.xGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Benjamin Avery, Christian Sandor, and Bruce H. Thomas. 2009. Improving Spatial Perception for Augmented Reality X-Ray Vision. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (Lafayette, Louisiana, USA) (VR ’09). 79–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2009.4811002Google ScholarCross Ref
- Janice Bagley and Leon Manelis. 1979. Effect of Awareness on an Indicator of Cognitive Load. Perceptual and Motor Skills 49, 2 (1979), 591–594. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1979.49.2.591Google ScholarCross Ref
- Simon Banbury and D Berry. 2005. Office Noise and Employee Concentration: Identifying Causes of Disruption and Potential Improvements. Ergonomics 48(2005), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130412331311390Google Scholar
- Simon P Banbury, William J Macken, Sébastien Tremblay, and Dylan M Jones. 2001. Auditory Distraction and Short-Term Memory: Phenomena and Practical Implications. Human Factors 43, 1 (2001), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872001775992462Google ScholarCross Ref
- Peter Barnum, Yaser Sheikh, Ankur Datta, and Takeo Kanade. 2009. Dynamic Seethroughs: Synthesizing Hidden Views of Moving Objects. In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (Orlando, Florida, USA) (ISMAR ’09). 111–114. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2009.5336483Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ricardo Buettner, Hermann Baumgartl, and Daniel Sauter. 2019. Microsaccades as a Predictor of a User’s Level of Concentration: NeuroIS Retreat 2018. 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01087-4_21Google Scholar
- Diane M. Bunce, Elizabeth A. Flens, and Kelly Y. Neiles. 2010. How Long Can Students Pay Attention in Class? A Study of Student Attention Decline Using Clickers. Journal of Chemical Education 87, 12 (2010), 1438–1443. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed100409pGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Yi Fei Cheng, Hang Yin, Yukang Yan, Jan Gugenheimer, and David Lindlbauer. 2022. Towards Understanding Diminished Reality. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Article 549, 16 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517452Google ScholarDigital Library
- Charles E. Connor, Howard E. Egeth, and Steven Yantis. 2004. Visual Attention: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down. Current Biology 14, 19 (2004), R850–R852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.041Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sandra G. Hart and Lowell E. Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of Empirical and Theoretical Research. In Human Mental Workload, Peter A. Hancock and Najmedin Meshkati (Eds.). Advances in Psychology, Vol. 52. North-Holland, 139–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9Google ScholarCross Ref
- Morris K. Holland and Gerald Tarlow. 1972. Blinking and Mental Load. Psychological Reports 31, 1 (1972), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1972.31.1.119Google ScholarCross Ref
- Sei Ikeda, Iwao Takemura, Asako Kimura, and Fumihisa Shibata. 2018. Diminished Reality System Based on Open-Source Software for Self-Driving Mobility. In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (Munich, Germany) (ISMAR-Adjunct ’18). 354–357. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2018.00103Google ScholarCross Ref
- Laurent Itti. 2000. Models of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Visual Attention.Google Scholar
- Susanna Järvelin-Pasanen, Sanna Sinikallio, and Mika P Tarvainen. 2018. Heart Rate Variability and Occupational Stress—systematic Review Susanna. Industrial Health 56, 6 (2018), 500–511. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2017-0190Google ScholarCross Ref
- Denis Kalkofen, Eduardo Veas, Stefanie Zollmann, Markus Steinberger, and Dieter Schmalstieg. 2013. Adaptive Ghosted Views for Augmented Reality. In Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (Adelaide, SA, Australia) (ISMAR ’13). 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2013.6671758Google ScholarCross Ref
- Robert S Kennedy, Norman E Lane, Kevin S Berbaum, and Michael G Lilienthal. 1993. Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3, 3 (1993), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0303_3Google ScholarCross Ref
- Masaki Koshi, Nobuchika Sakata, and Kiyoshi Kiyokawa. 2019. Augmented Concentration: Concentration Improvement by Visual Noise Reduction with a Video See-Through HMD. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 1030–1031. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798194Google ScholarCross Ref
- Nilli Lavie. 1995. Perceptual Load as a Necessary Condition for Selective Attention.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human perception and performance 21, 3(1995), 451. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213897Google Scholar
- Nilli Lavie and Yehoshua Tsal. 1994. Perceptual Load as a Major Determinant of the Locus of Selection in Visual Attention. Perception & psychophysics 56, 2 (1994), 183–197.Google Scholar
- Leila Lee, Seungwoo Je, Rachel Kim, Himanshu Verma, Hamed Alavi, and Andrea Bianchi. 2022. Partitioning Open-plan Workspaces via Augmented Reality. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 26 (2022), 609–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-019-01306-0Google ScholarDigital Library
- Klemen Lilija, Henning Pohl, Sebastian Boring, and Kasper Hornbæk. 2019. Augmented Reality Views for Occluded Interaction. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, UK) (CHI ’19). 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300676Google ScholarDigital Library
- Steve Mann. 1994. Mediated reality. (1994).Google Scholar
- Steve Mann. 1999. Mediated Reality. Linux J. 1999, 59es (1999), 5–es.Google Scholar
- Ricardo Mateo, Jose Hernandez, Carmen Jaca, and Szabolcs Blazsek. 2013. Effects of Tidy/messy Work Environment on Human Accuracy. Management Decision 51(2013), 1861–1877. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2013-0084Google ScholarCross Ref
- Mark McGill, Daniel Boland, Roderick Murray-Smith, and Stephen Brewster. 2015. A Dose of Reality: Overcoming Usability Challenges in VR Head-Mounted Displays. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (CHI ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2143–2152. https://doi.org/10.1145/2702123.2702382Google ScholarDigital Library
- Rebecca Michael and Renata Meuter. 2006. Sustained Attention and Hypovigilance: The Effect of Environmental Monotony on Continuous Task Performance and Implications for Road Safety. In Proceedings of the 2006 Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference. 1–10.Google Scholar
- Brett R.C. Molesworth, Marion Burgess, and Daniel Kwon. 2013. The use of noise cancelling headphones to improve concurrent task performance in a noisy environment. Applied Acoustics 74, 1 (2013), 110–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.06.015Google ScholarCross Ref
- Stephen Monsell. 2003. Task Switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7, 3 (2003), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00028-7Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shohei Mori, Sei Ikeda, and Hideo Saito. 2017. A survey of Diminished Reality: Techniques for Visually Concealing, Eliminating, and Seeing through Real Objects. IPSJ Transactions on Computer Vision and Applications 9 (2017), 1–14. Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41074-017-0028-1Google ScholarCross Ref
- Shohei Mori, Momoko Maezawa, and Hideo Saito. 2017. A Work Area Visualization by Multi-View Camera-Based Diminished Reality. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 1 (2017), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti1030018Google ScholarCross Ref
- Gijsbertus Mulder and Lambertus JM Mulder. 1981. Information Processing and Cardiovascular Control. Psychophysiology 18, 4 (1981), 392–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02470.xGoogle ScholarCross Ref
- Gillian Murphy and Ciara M. Greene. 2016. Perceptual Load Affects Eyewitness Accuracy and Susceptibility to Leading Questions. Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01322Google Scholar
- Sudi Patel, Ross Henderson, L Bradley, B Galloway, and L Hunter. 1991. Effect of Visual Display Unit Use on Blink Rate and Tear Stability. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry 68(1991), 888–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199111000-00010Google Scholar
- François Rameau, Hyowon Ha, Kyungdon Joo, Jinsoo Choi, Kibaek Park, and In So Kweon. 2016. A Real-Time Augmented Reality System to See-Through Cars. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22, 11(2016), 2395–2404. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2593768Google ScholarDigital Library
- Catherine Roster and Joseph Ferrari. 2020. Does Work Stress Lead to Office Clutter, and How? Mediating Influences of Emotional Exhaustion and Indecision. Environment and Behavior(2020), 923–944. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518823041Google Scholar
- Sara L. Su, Frédo Durand, and Maneesh Agrawala. 2005. De-Emphasis of Distracting Image Regions Using Texture Power Maps. In Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization (A Coroña, Spain) (APGV ’05). 164. https://doi.org/10.1145/1080402.1080445Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nash Unsworth and Matthew Robison. 2016. The Influence of Lapses of Attention on Working Memory Capacity. Memory & cognition 44 (10 2016), 188–196. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-015-0560-0Google Scholar
- Ruud van den Brink, Peter Murphy, and Sander Nieuwenhuis. 2016. Pupil Diameter Tracks Lapses of Attention. PLOS ONE 11(2016), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165274Google ScholarCross Ref
- Eduardo E. Veas, Erick Mendez, Steven K. Feiner, and Dieter Schmalstieg. 2011. Directing Attention and Influencing Memory with Visual Saliency Modulation. In Proceedings of the 2011 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vancouver, Canada) (CHI ’11). 1471–1480. https://doi.org/10.1145/1978942.1979158Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Wolfe, Aude Oliva, Todd Horowitz, Serena Butcher, and Aline Bompas. 2003. Segmentation of Objects from Backgrounds in Visual Search Tasks. Vision research 42, 28 (2003), 2985–3004. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00388-7Google Scholar
- Linyan Xue, Dan Huang, Tong Wang, Qiyi Hu, Xinyu Chai, Liming Li, and Yao Chen. 2017. Dynamic modulation of the perceptual load on microsaccades during a selective spatial attention task. Scientific reports 7, 1 (2017), 16496.Google Scholar
Index Terms
- DecluttAR: An Interactive Visual Clutter Dimming System to Help Focus on Work
Recommendations
Free form projection display and application
PROCAMS '08: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE International Workshop on Projector camera systemsFree Form Projection Display is a novel display technology to superimpose a virtual object onto real object by image projection. The method is based on the distortion cancellation algorithm to project an image onto curved screen without distortion. The ...
LightBeam: nomadic pico projector interaction with real world objects
CHI EA '12: CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing SystemsPico projectors have lately been investigated as mobile display and interaction devices. We propose to use them as 'light beams': Everyday objects sojourning in a beam are turned into dedicated projection surfaces and tangible interaction devices. While ...
Somewhat Strange Feeling of Touching, Lifting, and Swinging in Mixed-Reality Space - Psychophysical Analysis of Haptic Illusion Caused by Visual Superimposition -
ISS '18 Companion: Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Companion International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and SpacesMixed Reality (MR) is technology that can combine the real world and virtual world in real time. It realizes an interactive operation with real objects and virtual objects. In MR space, the appearance of a real object can be changed by superimposing a ...
Comments