Ann-Kathrin Kubullek
ABSTRACT
Despite the fact that artificial intelligence (AI) has existed for many years, for the first time it managed to attract the attention of the mainstream media. Since the release of the chatbot system "ChatGPT" by OpenAI in November 2022 the hype and interest in AI has increased significantly, not only in research but also among the general public. As a result, the question arises which specific application areas and target groups can benefit from artificial intelligence in the future. This article provides an overview of the use of artificial intelligence in creating accessibility. For this purpose, various aspects are considered on how AI technologies can contribute to removing barriers for people with disabilities and enable them to participate equally in social life. The aim of this paper is to highlight the potentials and challenges of uniting AI and accessibility. It discusses the contribution that artificial intelligence can make to closing the gap between technology and accessibility. Finally, a concept idea for the creation of a new kind of accessibility, the so-called Accessibility 2.0, is proposed.
- Shadi Abou-Zahra, Judy Brewer, and Michael Cooper. 2018. Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Web Accessibility: Is Conformance Evaluation a Way Forward?. In Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All Conference (Lyon, France) (W4A ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 20, 4 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3192714.3192834Google Scholar
Digital Library
- Microsoft AI. 2023. Seeing AI. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/ai/seeing-ai [Online; accessed 10-June-2023].Google Scholar
- SUMM AI. 2023. Leichte Sprache auf Knopfdruck! - Mit unserem KI-basierten Tool jeden komplizierten Text mit einem Klick barrierefrei und verständlich machen.https://summ-ai.com/ [Online; accessed 16-July-2023].Google Scholar
- Francesco Amore, Valentina Silvestri, Matteo Guidobaldi, 2023. Efficacy and Patients’ Satisfaction with the ORCAM MyEye Device Among Visually Impaired People: A Multicenter Study. Journal of Medical Systems 47, 11 (2023), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-023-01908-5Google ScholarCross Ref
- Saminda Sundeepa Balasuriya, Laurianne Sitbon, Andrew A. Bayor, Maria Hoogstrate, and Margot Brereton. 2018. Use of Voice Activated Interfaces by People with Intellectual Disability. In Proceedings of the 30th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (Melbourne, Australia) (OzCHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292161Google ScholarDigital Library
- Saminda Sundeepa Balasuriya, Laurianne Sitbon, Jinglan Zhang, and Khairi Anuar. 2021. Summary and Prejudice: Online Reading Preferences of Users with Intellectual Disability. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval (Canberra ACT, Australia) (CHIIR ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1145/3406522.3446039Google ScholarDigital Library
- Andrew A. Bayor, Margot Brereton, Laurianne Sitbon, Bernd Ploderer, Filip Bircanin, Benoit Favre, and Stewart Koplick. 2021. Toward a Competency-Based Approach to Co-Designing Technologies with People with Intellectual Disability. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 14, 2, Article 6 (jul 2021), 33 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3450355Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bitkom. 2023. Haben Sie schon einmal von ChatGPT gelesen oder gehört?[Graph]. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1382406/umfrage/bekanntheit-von-ki-einsatz-zur-textgenerierung/Google Scholar
- Johannes Bolkart. 2022. Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) - Statista DossierPlus über die Bedeutung von KI. Statista DossierPlus. https://de.statista.com/statistik/studie/id/116984/dokument/kuenstliche-intelligenz/Google Scholar
- Johannes Bolkart. 2023. Chatbot-Revolution durch ChatGPT. Statista. https://de.statista.com/statistik/studie/id/134940/dokument/chatbot-revolution-durch-chatgpt/Google Scholar
- M. Brandt. 2023. Bislang existieren 6 AInhörner. Digitales Bild. https://de.statista.com/infografik/29842/bewertung-der-generative-ai-unternehmen-mit-einhornstatus/Google Scholar
- M. Brandt. 2023. ChatGPT gefällt den Nutzer:innen. Digitales Bild. https://de.statista.com/infografik/29840/umfrage-zur-nutzung-von-ki-anwendungen-in-deutschland/Google Scholar
- Maarten Buyl, Christina Cociancig, Cristina Frattone, and Nele Roekens. 2022. Tackling Algorithmic Disability Discrimination in the Hiring Process: An Ethical, Legal and Technical Analysis. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (Seoul, Republic of Korea) (FAccT ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1071–1082. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533169Google ScholarDigital Library
- David F. Carr. 2023. ChatGPT’s Growth Begins to Flatten, up 12.6% from March to April. https://www.similarweb.com/blog/insights/ai-news/chatgpt-growth-flattens/ Updated May 8, 2023.Google Scholar
- Geoffrey M. Currie. 2023. Academic integrity and artificial intelligence: is ChatGPT hype, hero or heresy?https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2023.04.008Google ScholarCross Ref
- Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat. 2023. Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz (BFSG). https://www.barrierefreiheit-dienstekonsolidierung.bund.de/Webs/PB/DE/gesetze-und-richtlinien/barrierefreiheitsstaerkungsgesetz/barrierefreiheitsstaerkungsgesetz-node.html [Online; accessed 09-June-2023].Google Scholar
- Bundesamt für Justiz. 2019. Verordnung zur Schaffung barrierefreier Informationstechnik nach dem Behindertengleichstellungsgesetz (Barrierefreie-Informationstechnik-Verordnung - BITV 2.0). https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bitv_2_0/BJNR184300011.htmlGoogle Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2008-10. DIN EN ISO 9241-171: Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion – Teil 171: Leitlinien für die Zugänglichkeit von Software.Google Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2013-05. DIN EN ISO 9241-154: Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion – Teil 154: Sprachdialogsysteme.Google Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2017-08. DIN EN ISO 9241-112: Ergonomie der Mensch-System-Interaktion – Teil 112: Grundsätze der Informationsdarstellung.Google Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2021-06. DIN EN 301549 V3.2.1: Barrierefreiheitsanforderungen für IKT-Produkte und -Dienstleistungen.Google Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2022-01. E DIN ISO IEC 20071-5: Informationstechnologie – Barrierefreiheit von Benutzungsschnittstellen-Komponenten – Teil 5: Barrierefreie Benutzungsschnittstelle für Barrierefreiheitseinstellungen auf Informationsgeräten.Google Scholar
- Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). 2022-06. E DIN ISO 24495-1: Einfache Sprache – Teil 1: Grundsätze und Leitlinien.Google Scholar
- Julia Hermann, Carolin Straßmann, Aysegül Dogangün, Simone Roth, and Sabrina Eimler. 2021. Soziale Roboter in städtischen Einrichtungen des Ruhrgebiets: Eine partizipative Projektkonzeption. In Mensch und Computer 2021 - Workshopband, Carolin Wienrich, Philipp Wintersberger, and Benjamin Weyers (Eds.). Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Bonn, 2. https://doi.org/10.18420/muc2021-mci-ws06-277Google ScholarCross Ref
- Horizont. 2023. Wie gut kennen Sie sich mit KI-Diensten aus? [Graph]. In Statista. https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1373261/umfrage/umfrage-zur-kenntnis-von-ki-diensten-in-deutschland/Google Scholar
- Andrew Kirkpatrick, Joshue O Connor, Alastair Campbell, and Michael Cooper. 2018. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/Google Scholar
- OrCam Learn. 2023. OrCam MyEye: Innovative Hilfsmittel. https://www.orcam.com/de-de/home [Online; accessed 10-June-2023].Google Scholar
- InsightsDriven.io Ltd. 2023. ConnectingYouNow. https://www.connectingyounow.ai/ [Online; accessed 10-June-2023].Google Scholar
- Dany Lussier-Desrochers, Claude L. Normand, Alejandro Romero-Torres, Yves Lachapelle, Valérie Godin-Tremblay, Marie-Ève Dupont, Jeannie Roux, Laurence Pépin-Beauchesne, and Pascale Bilodeau. 2017. Bridging the digital divide for people with intellectual disability. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace 11, 1 (May 2017), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-1-1Google ScholarCross Ref
- Aqueasha Martin-Hammond, Ulka Patil, and Barsa Tandukar. 2021. A Case for Making Web Accessibility Guidelines Accessible: Older Adult Content Creators and Web Accessibility Planning. In Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Virtual Event, USA) (ASSETS ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 34, 6 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3441852.3476472Google ScholarDigital Library
- Calum Medlock. 2023. Signapse’s Sign Language Translation using Generative AI: Achieving Photo-Realism and Accuracy. https://www.signapse.ai/post/signapse-ai-sign-language-translation-photo-realism-accuracy [Online; accessed 10-June-2023].Google Scholar
- OpenAI. 2023. ChatGPT. https://chat.openai.com/ [Online; accessed 10-June-2023].Google Scholar
- Tânia Rocha, Maximino Bessa, Luís Magalhães, and Luciana Cabral. 2015. Performing Universal Tasks on the Web: Interaction with Digital Content by People with Intellectual Disabilities. In Proceedings of the XVI International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain) (Interacción ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 30, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2829875.2829897Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Creating Accessibility 2.0 with Artificial Intelligence
Recommendations
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Web Accessibility: Is Conformance Evaluation a Way Forward?
W4A '18: Proceedings of the 15th International Web for All ConferenceThe term "artificial intelligence" is a buzzword today and is heavily used to market products, services, research, conferences, and more. It is scientifically disputed which types of products and services do actually qualify as "artificial intelligence" ...
Researchers’ Toolbox for the Future: Understanding and Designing Accessible and Inclusive Artificial Intelligence (AIAI)
Academic Mindtrek '21: Proceedings of the 24th International Academic Mindtrek ConferenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) is integrated into all things technical, there is a valid concern over its lack of diversity, inclusiveness, and accessibility. Further, questions such as what it means for AI to be accessible and inclusive, why is ...
Artificial Intelligence, Accessible and Assistive Technologies: Introduction to the Special Thematic Session
Computers Helping People with Special NeedsAbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has been around for at least 70 years, as have digital technologies and yet the hype around AI in recent years has begun to make some wary of its impact on their daily lives. However, in this special thematic session ...
Comments