Roland Fischer
Gabriel Zachmann
ABSTRACT
Multi-user VR applications have great potential to foster remote collaboration and improve or replace classical training and education. An important aspect of such applications is how participants move through the virtual environments. One of the most popular VR locomotion methods is the standard teleportation metaphor, as it is quick, easy to use and implement, and safe regarding cybersickness. However, it can be confusing to the other, observing, participants in a multi-user session and, therefore, reduce their presence. The reason for this is the discontinuity of the process, and, therefore, the lack of motion cues. As of yet, the question of how this teleport metaphor could be suitably visualized for observers has not received very much attention. Therefore, we implemented several continuous and discontinuous 3D visualizations for the teleport metaphor and conducted a user study for evaluation. Specifically, we investigated them regarding confusion, spatial awareness, and spatial and social presence. Regarding presence, we did find significant advantages for one of the visualizations. Moreover, some visualizations significantly reduced confusion. Furthermore, multiple continuous visualizations ranked significantly higher regarding spatial awareness than the discontinuous ones. This finding is also backed up by the users’ tracking data we collected during the experiments. Lastly, the classic teleport metaphor was perceived as less clear and rather unpopular compared with our visualizations.
Supplemental Material
Available for Download
Appendix with additional data and plots and supplementary video showing all of the teleport visualizations.
- Ashu Adhikari, Daniel Zielasko, Ivan Aguilar, Alexander Bretin, Ernst Kruijff, Markus von der Heyde, and Bernhard E. Riecke. 2022. Integrating Continuous and Teleporting VR Locomotion Into a Seamless ‘HyperJump’ Paradigm. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (2022), 1–17.Google Scholar
- Majed Al Zayer, Paul MacNeilage, and Eelke Folmer. 2020. Virtual Locomotion: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 26, 6 (2020), 2315–2334.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Jiwan Bhandari, Paul MacNeilage, and Eelke Folmer. 2018. Teleportation without Spatial Disorientation Using Optical Flow Cues. In Proceedings of the 44th Graphics Interface Conference(GI ’18). Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, 162–167.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Costas Boletsis. 2017. The New Era of Virtual Reality Locomotion: A Systematic Literature Review of Techniques and a Proposed Typology. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 1, 4 (2017), 24.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Fabio Buttussi and Luca Chittaro. 2019. Locomotion in Place in Virtual Reality: A Comparative Evaluation of Joystick, Teleport, and Leaning. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics PP (07 2019), 1–1.Google Scholar
- Kapil Chalil Madathil and Joel S. Greenstein. 2017. An investigation of the efficacy of collaborative virtual reality systems for moderated remote usability testing. Applied Ergonomics 65 (2017), 501–514.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Vuthea Chheang, Florian Heinrich, Fabian Joeres, Patrick Saalfeld, Bernhard Preim, and Christian Hansen. 2022. Group WiM: A Group Navigation Technique for Collaborative Virtual Reality Environments. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE Computer Society, 556–557.Google Scholar
- Vuthea Chheang, Patrick Saalfeld, Fabian Joeres, Christian Boedecker, Tobias Huber, Florentine Huettl, Hauke Lang, Bernhard Preim, and Christian Hansen. 2021. A collaborative virtual reality environment for liver surgery planning. Computers & Graphics 99 (2021), 234–246.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jeremy Clifton and Stephen Palmisano. 2020. Effects of Steering Locomotion and Teleporting on Cybersickness and Presence in HMD-Based Virtual Reality. Virtual Real. 24, 3 (sep 2020), 453–468.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Collins Dictionary. 2023. Definifion of confusing. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/de/worterbuch/englisch/confusing. Accessed: 2023-03-29.Google Scholar
- Cambridge Dictionary. 2023. Definifion of confusing. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/de/worterbuch/englisch/confusing. Accessed: 2023-03-29.Google Scholar
- Jann Philipp Freiwald, Julius Schenke, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, and Frank Steinicke. 2021. Effects of Avatar Appearance and Locomotion on Co-Presence in Virtual Reality Collaborations. In Proceedings of Mensch Und Computer 2021(MuC ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, 393–401.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jann Philipp Freiwald, Susanne Schmidt, Bernhard E. Riecke, and Frank Steinicke. 2022. The Continuity of Locomotion: Rethinking Conventions for Locomotion and Its Visualization in Shared Virtual Reality Spaces. ACM Trans. Graph. 41, 6, Article 211 (nov 2022), 14 pages.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Nathan Navarro Griffin and Eelke Folmer. 2019. Out-of-Body Locomotion: Vectionless Navigation with a Continuous Avatar Representation. In 25th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology(VRST ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, Article 1, 8 pages.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Joseph J. LaViola. 2000. A Discussion of Cybersickness in Virtual Environments. SIGCHI Bull. 32, 1 (jan 2000), 47–56.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Guido Makransky, Lau Lilleholt, and Anders Aaby. 2017. Development and validation of the Multimodal Presence Scale for virtual reality environments: A confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory approach. Computers in Human Behavior 72 (2017), 276–285.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ye Pan and Anthony Steed. 2017. The impact of self-avatars on trust and collaboration in shared virtual environments. PLOS ONE 12 (12 2017), e0189078.Google Scholar
- Aniruddha Prithul, Isayas Adhanom, and eelke folmer. 2021. Teleportation in Virtual Reality; A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2 (10 2021).Google Scholar
- Jussi Rantala, Jari Kangas, Olli Koskinen, Tomi Nukarinen, and Roope Raisamo. 2021. Comparison of Controller-Based Locomotion Techniques for Visual Observation in Virtual Reality. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, 7 (2021), 31. https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/5/7/31Google ScholarCross Ref
- Simon Riches, Soha Elghany, Philippa A. Garety, Mar Rus-Calafell, and Lucia R. Valmaggia. 2019. Factors Affecting Sense of Presence in a Virtual Reality Social Environment: A Qualitative Study. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking 22 4 (2019), 288–292.Google Scholar
- Valentin Schwind, Pascal Knierim, Nico Haas, and Niels Henze. 2019. Using Presence Questionnaires in Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, 1–12.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Anthony Steed, Sebastian Friston, Maria Murcia, Jason Drummond, Ye Pan, and David Swapp. 2016. An ‘In the Wild’ Experiment on Presence and Embodiment using Consumer Virtual Reality Equipment. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 22 (01 2016), 1–1.Google Scholar
- Santawat Thanyadit, Parinya Punpongsanon, Thammathip Piumsomboon, and Ting-Chuen Pong. 2020. Substituting Teleportation Visualization for Collaborative Virtual Environments. In Symposium on Spatial User Interaction(SUI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, Article 31, 2 pages.Google Scholar
- Dimitrios Ververidis, Spiros Nikolopoulos, and Ioannis Kompatsiaris. 2022. A Review of Collaborative Virtual Reality Systems for the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry. Architecture 2, 3 (2022), 476–496.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Cheng Yao Wang, Mose Sakashita, Upol Ehsan, Jingjin Li, and Andrea Stevenson Won. 2020. Again, Together: Socially Reliving Virtual Reality Experiences When Separated. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, 1–12.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Tim Weissker, Pauline Bimberg, Ankith Kodanda, and Bernd Froehlich. 2022. Holding Hands for Short-Term Group Navigation in Social Virtual Reality. In 2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). 728–729. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRW55335.2022.00215Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tim Weissker and Bernd Froehlich. 2021. Group Navigation for Guided Tours in Distributed Virtual Environments. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 27, 5 (2021), 2524–2534.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Tim Weissker, Alexander Kulik, and Bernd Froehlich. 2019. Multi-Ray Jumping: Comprehensible Group Navigation for Collocated Users in Immersive Virtual Reality. In 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 136–144. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8797807Google ScholarCross Ref
- Isabell Wohlgenannt, Alexander Simons, and Stefan Stieglitz. 2020. Virtual reality. Business & Information Systems Engineering 62, 5 (2020), 455–461.Google ScholarCross Ref
Index Terms
- How Observers Perceive Teleport Visualizations in Virtual Environments
Recommendations
Assessing the Accuracy of Point & Teleport Locomotion with Orientation Indication for Virtual Reality using Curved Trajectories
CHI '19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsRoom-scale Virtual Reality (VR) systems have arrived in users' homes where tracked environments are set up in limited physical spaces. As most Virtual Environments (VEs) are larger than the tracked physical space, locomotion techniques are used to ...
The benefits of using a walking interface to navigate virtual environments
Navigation is the most common interactive task performed in three-dimensional virtual environments (VEs), but it is also a task that users often find difficult. We investigated how body-based information about the translational and rotational components ...
Virtual reality and augmented reality in social learning spaces: a literature review
AbstractIn this survey, we explore Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality within social learning spaces, such as classrooms and museums, while also extending into relevant social interaction concepts found within more reality-based and social immersive ...
Comments