Trend Dynamics of Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Death Among Global Population from 1990 to 2019

This study analyzes the disease burden of thyroid cancer globally in 1990 and 2019, providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer. Using various indicators such as incidence, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), death, age-standardized death rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), and years lived with disability (YLD) based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database in 2019,.This study analyzes the distribution and changing trends of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality rates in the world's population and infers possible causes.Compared with 1990, the number of thyroid cancer cases and age-standardized incidence rate increased by 167% and 138%, respectively, while the number of deaths and age-standardized death rate decreased by 98.45% and 0.03%, respectively. The increase in thyroid cancer incidence in females, which is 1.69 times higher than that in males, is an important factor contributing to the rapid rise in thyroid cancer incidence in recent years. At the same time the age standardised mortality rate fell by 0.11% for females and increased by 0.08% for males remaining largely unchanged. In 2019 compared to 1990, the peak number of thyroid cancer incidences in all age groups was in the 50-59 age group, the peak age standardised incidence rate was in the 75-79 age group, and the number of deaths and age standardised mortality rates in all age groups increased with increasing age.This suggests the need for scientific and standardized prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer, avoiding overdiagnosis, and strengthening thyroid cancer screening for males.