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Kryptonite: Worst-Case Program Interference Estimation on Multi-Core Embedded Systems

Published:09 September 2023Publication History
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Abstract

Due to the low costs and energy needed, cyber-physical systems are adopting multi-core processors for their embedded computing requirements. In order to guarantee safety when the application has real-time constraints, a critical requirement is to estimate the worst-case interference from other executing programs. However, the complexity of multi-core hardware inhibits precisely determining the Worst-Case Program Interference. Existing solutions are either prone to overestimate the interference or are not scalable to different hardware sizes and designs.

In this paper we present Kryptonite, an automated framework to synthesize Worst-Case Program Interference (WCPI) environments for multi-core systems. Fundamental to Kryptoniteis a set of tiny hardware-specific code gadgets that are crafted to maximize interference locally. The gadgets are arranged using a greedy approach and then molded using a Reinforcement Learning algorithm to create the WCPI environment. We demonstrate Kryptoniteon the automotive grade Infineon AURIX TC399 processor with a wide range of programs that includes a commercial real-time automotive application. We show that, while being easily scalable and tunable, Kryptonitecreates WCPI environments increasing the runtime by up to 58% for benchmark applications and 26% for the automotive application.

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            • Published in

              cover image ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems
              ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems  Volume 22, Issue 5s
              Special Issue ESWEEK 2023
              October 2023
              1394 pages
              ISSN:1539-9087
              EISSN:1558-3465
              DOI:10.1145/3614235
              • Editor:
              • Tulika Mitra
              Issue’s Table of Contents

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              Publication History

              • Published: 9 September 2023
              • Accepted: 13 July 2023
              • Revised: 2 July 2023
              • Received: 23 March 2023
              Published in tecs Volume 22, Issue 5s

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