research-article

The Cycle of Toxicity: Exploring Relationships between Personality and Player Roles in Toxic Behavior in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games

Authors:

Bastian Kordyaka,

Katharina Jahn,

Bjoern NiehavesAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 7, Issue CHI PLAY

Article No.: 397, Pages 611 - 641

https://doi.org/10.1145/3611043

Published: 04 October 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Toxic behavior remains a salient challenge for online gaming environments, such as multiplayer online battle arena video games (MOBAs). In this study, we sought to understand player roles and settings in which toxicity occurs using a mixed-methods approach. First, we conducted ethnographic observations and interviews with players of the most popular contemporary MOBA, League of Legends (Study 1). During the qualitative analysis three main themes emerged: (1) the fluidity of roles, (2) the subjectivity of the toxic experience, and (3) cascading effects and changing modalities of toxicity. Based on the themes, we formulated hypotheses regarding players’ experience with toxicity. To test these hypotheses, we gathered cross-sectional data from MOBA players (n = 216), which we analyzed with co-variance-based statistics (Study 2). Our quantitative findings showcase the complexity of toxicity as well as players’ ambivalence toward the topic. We found indicators of substantial influences of personality and a cycle of retaliation toxicity spread as victims retaliated against the perpetrator.

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Cited By

Wells GRomhányi ÁSteinkuehler C(2025)Hate speech and hate-based harassment in online gamesFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2024.142242215Online publication date: 19-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422422
Liu MTang JWilliams D(2025)Sympathy for the Devil: Serial Mediation Models for Toxicity, Community, and RetentionMedia and Communication10.17645/mac.867613Online publication date: 13-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8676
Garg RDeshbandhu ARangaswamy N(2025)Dichotomy of Game Design and Gaming Practice: Examining Gaming Toxicity and Online Gaming Communities in IndiaHuman-Computer Interaction. Design and Research10.1007/978-3-031-80832-6_1(3-22)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80832-6_1
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Index Terms

The Cycle of Toxicity: Exploring Relationships between Personality and Player Roles in Toxic Behavior in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. Empirical studies in HCI

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 7, Issue CHI PLAY

November 2023

1360 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3554313

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Jeffrey Nichols
Apple, USA

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Published: 04 October 2023

Published in PACMHCI Volume 7, Issue CHI PLAY

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Cited By

Wells GRomhányi ÁSteinkuehler C(2025)Hate speech and hate-based harassment in online gamesFrontiers in Psychology10.3389/fpsyg.2024.142242215Online publication date: 19-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422422
Liu MTang JWilliams D(2025)Sympathy for the Devil: Serial Mediation Models for Toxicity, Community, and RetentionMedia and Communication10.17645/mac.867613Online publication date: 13-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8676
Garg RDeshbandhu ARangaswamy N(2025)Dichotomy of Game Design and Gaming Practice: Examining Gaming Toxicity and Online Gaming Communities in IndiaHuman-Computer Interaction. Design and Research10.1007/978-3-031-80832-6_1(3-22)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2025
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-80832-6_1
Marques TSchumann SMariconti E(2024)Positive behaviour interventions in online gaming: a systematic review of strategies applied in other environmentsCrime Science10.1186/s40163-024-00208-813:1Online publication date: 30-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-024-00208-8
Liu MSun QWilliams D(2024)With great power comes great accountability: Network positions, victimization, perpetration, and victim-perpetrator overlap in an online multiplayer gameNew Media & Society10.1177/14614448241268995Online publication date: 20-Sep-2024
https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241268995
Zhang ZMoradzadeh SWoan AKou Y(2024)Toxicity by Game Design: How Players Perceive the Influence of Game Design on ToxicityProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36771108:CHI PLAY(1-31)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677110
Sparrow LGalwey RJovic DHardwick TButt M(2024)Towards Ethical AI Moderation in Multiplayer GamesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36771098:CHI PLAY(1-30)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677109
Kordyaka BLaato SWeber SNiehaves B(2024)Are stress and engagement in toxicity associated with sleep quality? A study with League of Legends playersProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36771018:CHI PLAY(1-17)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677101
Hadan HZhang-Kennedy LNacke L(2024)Computer-based Deceptive Game Design in Commercial Virtual Reality Games: A Preliminary InvestigationCompanion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play10.1145/3665463.3678820(109-123)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3665463.3678820
Kordyaka BBeres NKowert RLaato SMandryk R(2024)Flame and Fortune: The Connection Between Toxic Behavior and In-game Purchasing in Multiplayer Online GamesCompanion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play10.1145/3665463.3678806(145-150)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3665463.3678806
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