skip to main content
10.1145/3615453.3616516acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmobicomConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Hercules: An Emulation-Based Framework for Transport Layer Measurements over 5G Wireless Networks

Authors Info & Claims
Published:02 October 2023Publication History

ABSTRACT

The adoption of Next-Generation cellular networks is rapidly increasing, together with their achievable throughput and their latency demands. Optimizing existing transport protocols for such networks is challenging, as the wireless channel becomes critical for performance and reliability studies. The performance assessment of transport protocols for wireless networks has mostly relied on simulation-based environments. While providing valuable insights, such studies are influenced by the simulator's specific settings. Employing more advanced and flexible methods for collecting and analyzing end-to-end transport layer datasets in realistic wireless environments is crucial to the design, implementation and evaluation of transport protocols that are effective when employed in real-world 5G networks. We present Hercules, a containerized 5G standalone framework that collects data employing the OpenAirInterface 5G protocol stack. We illustrate its potential with an initial transport layer and 5G stack measurement campaign on the Colosseum wireless network testbed. In addition, we present preliminary post-processing results from testing various TCP Congestion Control techniques over multiple wireless channels.

References

  1. 2023. Hercules: An Emulation-Based Framework for Transport Layer Measurements over 5G Wireless Networks. https://https://github.com/pintauroo/5G_measurement_framework.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Aziza Alzadjali, Flavio Esposito, and Jitender Deogun. 2020. A Contextual Bi-armed Bandit Approach for MPTCP Path Management in Heterogeneous LTE and WiFi Edge Networks. In The Fifth ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. Rohail Asim, Muhammad Khan, Luis Diez, Shiva Iyer, Ramon Aguero, Lakshmi Subramanian, and Yasir Zaki. 2022. ZEUS: An Experimental Toolkit for Evaluating Congestion Control Algorithms in 5G Environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.13985 (2022).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. Leonardo Bonati, Salvatore D'Oro, Stefano Basagni, and Tommaso Melodia. 2021. SCOPE: An Open and Softwarized Prototyping Platform for NextG Systems. In Proc. of ACM Intl. Conf. on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys). Virtual Conference.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. Leonardo Bonati, Pedram Johari, Michele Polese, Salvatore D'Oro, Subhramoy Mohanti, Miead Tehrani-Moayyed, Davide Villa, Shweta Shrivastava, Chinenye Tassie, Kurt Yoder, et al. 2021. Colosseum: Large-Scale Wireless Experimentation Through Hardware-in-the-Loop Network Emulation. In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN). IEEE, 105--113.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. Jon Dugan, John Estabrook, Jim Ferbuson, Andrew Gallatin, Mark Gates, Kevin Gibbs, Stephen Hemminger, Nathan Jones, Feng Qin, Gerrit Renker, Ajay Tirumala, and Alex Warshavsky. 2023. iPerf- The ultimate speed test tool for TCP, UDP and SCTP. https://iperf.fr/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. The Tcpdump Group. Accessed 2023. TCPDUMP 4. https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdumpGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. Benedikt Jaeger, Dominik Scholz, Daniel Raumer, Fabien Geyer, and Georg Carle. 2019. Reproducible measurements of TCP BBR congestion control. Computer Communications 144 (05 2019).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. R. Jain, D. Chiu, and W. Hawe. 1998. A Quantitative Measure Of Fairness And Discrimination For Resource Allocation In Shared Computer Systems. arXiv:cs/9809099 [cs.NI]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. Nathan Jay, Noga Rotman, Brighten Godfrey, Michael Schapira, and Aviv Tamar. 2019. A deep reinforcement learning perspective on internet congestion control. In Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Machine Learning(ICML). PMLR, 3050--3059.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. Glenn Judd and Peter Steenkiste. 2004. Repeatable and Realistic Wireless Experimentation through Physical Emulation. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 34, 1 (January 2004), 63--68.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Madhan Raj Kanagarathinam, Sukhdeep Singh, Irlanki Sandeep, Hanseok Kim, Mukesh Kumar Maheshwari, Jaehyun Hwang, Abhishek Roy, and Navrati Saxena. 2020. NexGen D-TCP: Next Generation Dynamic TCP Congestion Control Algorithm. IEEE Access 8 (2020), 164482--164496.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Alexey Kuznetsov. Accessed 2023. Socket Statistic tool. https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/ss.8.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. Josip Lorincz, Zvonimir Klarin, and Julije Ožegović. 2021. A Comprehensive Overview of TCP Congestion Control in 5G Networks: Research Challenges and Future Perspectives. Sensors 21, 13 (June 2021), 4510.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Pablo Jimenez Mateo, Claudio Fiandrino, and Joerg Widmer. 2019. Analysis of TCP Performance in 5G mm-Wave Mobile Networks. In ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, Shanghai, China, 1--7.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Eugenio Moro, Gabriele Gemmi, Michele Polese, Leonardo Maccari, Antonio Capone, and Tommaso Melodia. 2023. Toward Open Integrated Access and Backhaul with O-RAN. arXiv:2305.06048 [cs.NI]Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Ravi Netravali, Anirudh Sivaraman, Keith Winstein, Somak Das, Ameesh Goyal, and Hari Balakrishnan. 2014. Mahimahi: a lightweight toolkit for reproducible web measurement. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM. ACM, Chicago Illinois USA, 129--130.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  18. Navid Nikaein, Mahesh K. Marina, Saravana Manickam, Alex Dawson, Raymond Knopp, and Christian Bonnet. 2014. OpenAirInterface: A Flexible Platform for 5G Research. SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 44, 5 (oct 2014), 33--38.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. Monika Prakash and Atef Abdrabou. 2020. On the Fidelity of NS-3 Simulations of Wireless Multipath TCP Connections. Sensors 20, 24 (2020).Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. George F. Riley and Thomas R. Henderson. 2010. The ns-3 Network Simulator. In Modeling and Tools for Network Simulation, Klaus Wehrle, Mesut Günes, and James Gross (Eds.). Springer, 15--34.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. Alessio Sacco, Flocco Matteo, Flavio Esposito, and Guido Marchetto. 2021. Owl: Congestion Control with Partially Invisible Networks via Reinforcement Learning. In IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM). 1--10.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  22. Dug Song. Accessed 2023. dpkt. https://dpkt.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.htmlGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  23. Menglei Zhang, Marco Mezzavilla, Russell Ford, Sundeep Rangan, Shivendra Panwar, Evangelos Mellios, Di Kong, Andrew Nix, and Michele Zorzi. 2016. Transport layer performance in 5G mmWave cellular. In IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, 730--735.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  24. Ticao Zhang and Shiwen Mao. 2020. Machine Learning for End-to-End Congestion Control. IEEE Communications Magazine 58, 6 (2020), 52--57.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref

Index Terms

  1. Hercules: An Emulation-Based Framework for Transport Layer Measurements over 5G Wireless Networks

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Login options

      Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

      Sign in
      • Published in

        cover image ACM Conferences
        WiNTECH '23: Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental evaluation & Characterization
        October 2023
        115 pages
        ISBN:9798400703409
        DOI:10.1145/3615453

        Copyright © 2023 ACM

        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        • Published: 2 October 2023

        Permissions

        Request permissions about this article.

        Request Permissions

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • research-article
        • Research
        • Refereed limited

        Acceptance Rates

        Overall Acceptance Rate63of100submissions,63%
      • Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)104
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)10

        Other Metrics

      PDF Format

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader