research-article

Multimodal Religiously Hateful Social Media Memes Classification Based on Textual and Image Data

Authors:

Abdul Rehman Javed,

Farkhund Iqbal,

Amanullah Yasin,

Gautam Srivastava,

Thippa Reddy Gadekallu,

Zunera JalilAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, Volume 23, Issue 8

Article No.: 114, Pages 1 - 19

https://doi.org/10.1145/3623396

Published: 07 August 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Multimodal hateful social media meme detection is an important and challenging problem in the vision-language domain. Recent studies show high accuracy for such multimodal tasks due to datasets that provide better joint multimodal embedding to narrow the semantic gap. Religiously hateful meme detection is not extensively explored among published datasets. While there is a need for higher accuracy on religiously hateful memes, deep learning–based models often suffer from inductive bias. This issue is addressed in this work with the following contributions. First, a religiously hateful memes dataset is created and published publicly to advance hateful religious memes detection research. Over 2000 meme images are collected with their corresponding text. The proposed approach compares and fine-tunes VisualBERT pre-trained on the Conceptual Caption (CC) dataset for the downstream classification task. We also extend the dataset with the Facebook hateful memes dataset. We extract visual features using ResNeXT-152 Aggregated Residual Transformations–based Masked Regions with Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) uncased for textual encoding for the early fusion model. We use the primary evaluation metric of an Area Under the Operator Characters Curve (AUROC) to measure model separability. Results show that the proposed approach has a higher AUROC score of 78%, proving the model’s higher separability performance and an accuracy of 70%. It shows comparatively superior performance considering dataset size and against ensemble-based machine learning approaches.

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.12.052
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Tabassum INunavath V(2024)A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Class Cyberbullying Classification Using Multi-Modal Social Media DataApplied Sciences10.3390/app14241200714:24(12007)Online publication date: 22-Dec-2024
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Index Terms

Multimodal Religiously Hateful Social Media Memes Classification Based on Textual and Image Data
1. Applied computing
  1. Computer forensics
    1. Surveillance mechanisms

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cover image ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing

ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing Volume 23, Issue 8

August 2024

343 pages

EISSN:2375-4702

DOI:10.1145/3613611

Editor:
Imed Zitouni
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Publication History

Published: 07 August 2024

Online AM: 16 September 2023

Accepted: 23 August 2023

Revised: 08 July 2023

Received: 03 May 2023

Published in TALLIP Volume 23, Issue 8

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Cited By

Bi WXiong QChen XDu QWu JZhuang Z(2025)Intelligent visual question answering in TCM education: An innovative application of IoT and multimodal fusionAlexandria Engineering Journal10.1016/j.aej.2024.12.052118(325-336)Online publication date: Apr-2025
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.12.052
Song C(2024)Enhancing Multimodal Understanding With LIUSJournal of Organizational and End User Computing10.4018/JOEUC.33627636:1(1-17)Online publication date: 12-Jan-2024
https://doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.336276
Tabassum INunavath V(2024)A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Multi-Class Cyberbullying Classification Using Multi-Modal Social Media DataApplied Sciences10.3390/app14241200714:24(12007)Online publication date: 22-Dec-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412007
Kumar AKumar SPassi KMahanti A(2024)A Hybrid Deep BiLSTM-CNN for Hate Speech Detection in Multi-social mediaACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing10.1145/365763523:8(1-22)Online publication date: 6-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3657635
Huang CLi Q(2024)A Sentiment Analysis and Semantic Comprehension-Integrated Automatic Abstraction Model for English TextsJournal of Circuits, Systems and Computers10.1142/S0218126625501361Online publication date: 31-Oct-2024
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126625501361
Sultan TRony MIslam MAldosary SEl-Shafai W(2024)MemesViTa: A Novel Multimodal Fusion Technique for Troll Memes IdentificationIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.350561412(177811-177828)Online publication date: 2024
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