skip to main content
10.1145/3626184.3635281acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesispdConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Reinforcement Learning or Simulated Annealing for Analog Placement? A Study based on Bounded-Sliceline Grids

Published:12 March 2024Publication History

ABSTRACT

Analog placement is a crucial phase in analog integrated circuit synthesis, impacting the quality and performance of the final circuits. This process involves determining the physical positions of analog building blocks while minimizing chip area and interconnecting wire-length. Existing methodologies often rely on the simulated-annealing (SA) approach, prioritizing constraints like symmetry-island, proximity, and well-island. We present a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based analog placement methodology on the bounded-sliceline grid (BSG) structure. Introducing a hierarchical clustering feature in BSG, we address well-island, proximity, and symmetry constraints. In experimental comparisons with the SA approach, our RL-based method exhibits superior placement quality across various analog circuits.

References

  1. P.-H. Lin and S.-C. Lin, "Analog placement based on novel symmetry-island formulation," in Proc. DAC, 2007, pp. 465--470.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. P.-H. Lin, Y.-W. Chang, and S.-C. Lin, "Analog placement based on symmetryisland formulation," IEEE TCAD, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 791--804, 2009.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. P.-H. Lin and S.-C. Lin, "Analog placement based on hierarchical module clustering," in Proc. DAC, 2008, pp. 50--55.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. R. S, M. Madhusudan, A. K. Sharma, J. Poojary, S. Yaldiz, R. Harjani, S. M. Burns, and S. S. Sapatnekar, "Analog/mixed-signal layout optimization using optimal well taps," in Proc. ISPD, 2022, pp. 159--166.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. N. Karmokar, M. Madhusudan, A. K. Sharma, R. Harjani, M. P.-H. Lin, and S. S. Sapatnekar, "Common-centroid layout for active and passive devices: A review and the road ahead," in Proc. ASP-DAC, 2022, pp. 114--121.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. M. P.-H. Lin, Y.-W. Chang, and C.-M. Hung, "Recent research development and new challenges in analog layout synthesis," in Proc. ASP-DAC, 2016, pp. 617--622.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. H.-F. Tsao, P.-Y. Chou, S.-L. Huang, Y.-W. Chang, M. P.-H. Lin, D.-P. Chen, and D. Liu, "A corner stitching compliant B"-tree representation and its applications to analog placement," in Proc. ICCAD, 2011, pp. 507--511.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. P.-Y. Chou, H.-C. Ou, and Y.-W. Chang, "Heterogeneous B"-trees for analog placement with symmetry and regularity considerations," in Proc. ICCAD, 2011, pp. 512--516.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  9. A. Patyal, P.-C. Pan, A. K. A., H.-M. Chen, and W.-Z. Chen, "Exploring multiple analog placements with partial-monotonic current paths and symmetry constraints using pcp-sp," IEEE TCAD, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 5056--5068, 2020.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. A. Patyal, H.-M. Chen, and M. P.-H. Lin, "Late breaking results: Pole-aware analog placement considering monotonic current flow and crossing-wire minimization," in Proc. DAC, 2020, pp. 1--2.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. A. Patyal, H.-M. Chen, M. P.-H. Lin, G.-Q. Fang, and S. Y.-H. Chen, "Poleaware analog layout synthesis considering monotonic current flows and wirecrossings," IEEE TCAD, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 266--279, 2023.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. A. F. Budak, M. Gandara, W. Shi, D. Z. Pan, N. Sun, and B. Liu, "An efficient analog circuit sizing method based on machine learning assisted global optimization," IEEE TCAD, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1209--1221, 2022.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. K. Kunal, T. Dhar, M. Madhusudan, J. Poojary, A. Sharma, W. Xu, S. M. Burns, J. Hu, R. Harjani, and S. S. Sapatnekar, "Gana: Graph convolutional network based automated netlist annotation for analog circuits," in Proc. DATE, 2020, pp. 55--60.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. M. P.-H. Lin, H.-Y. Chi, A. Patyal, Z.-Y. Liu, J.-J. Zhao, C.-N. J. Liu, and H.-M. Chen, "Achieving analog layout integrity through learning and migration invited talk," in Proc. ICCAD, 2020, pp. 1--8.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. K. Zhu, H. Chen, M. Liu, and D. Z. Pan, "Automating analog constraint extraction: From heuristics to learning: (invited paper)," in Proc. ASP-DAC, 2022, pp. 108-- 113.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. B. Xu, Y. Lin, X. Tang, S. Li, L. Shen, N. Sun, and D. Z. Pan, "WellGAN: Generativeadversarial-network-guided well generation for analog/mixed-signal circuit layout," in Proc. DAC, 2019, pp. 1--6.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  17. D. Guerra, A. Canelas, R. Póvoa, N. Horta, N. Lourenço, and R. Martins, "Artificial neural networks as an alternative for automatic analog IC placement," in Proc. SMACD, 2019, pp. 1--4.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. M. Liu, K. Zhu, J. Gu, L. Shen, X. Tang, N. Sun, and D. Z. Pan, "Towards decrypting the art of analog layout: Placement quality prediction via transfer learning," in Proc. DATE, 2020, pp. 496--501.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Y. Li, Y. Lin, M. Madhusudan, A. Sharma, W. Xu, S. S. Sapatnekar, R. Harjani, and J. Hu, "A customized graph neural network model for guiding analog IC placement," in Proc. ICCAD, 2020, pp. 1--9.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. M. Ahmadi and L. Zhang, "Analog layout placement for finfet technology using reinforcement learning," in Proc. ISCAS, 2021, pp. 1--5.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. S. Nakatake, K. Fujiyoshi, H. Murata, and Y. Kajitani, "Module packing based on the BSG-structure and IC layout applications," IEEE TCAD, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 519--530, 1998.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. S. Cao, W. Lu, and Q. Xu, "Grarep: Learning graph representations with global structural information," in Proc. CIKM, 2015, pp. 891--900.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. B. Perozzi, R. Al-Rfou, and S. Skiena, "Deepwalk: Online learning of social representations," in Proc. KDD, 2014, pp. 701--710.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  24. J. Tang, M. Qu, M. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Yan, and Q. Mei, "Line: Large-scale information network embedding," in Proc. WWW, 2015, pp. 1067--1077.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  25. J. Schulman, F. Wolski, P. Dhariwal, A. Radford, and O. Klimov, "Proximal policy optimization algorithms," arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.06347, 2017.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Reinforcement Learning or Simulated Annealing for Analog Placement? A Study based on Bounded-Sliceline Grids

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Conferences
      ISPD '24: Proceedings of the 2024 International Symposium on Physical Design
      March 2024
      286 pages
      ISBN:9798400704178
      DOI:10.1145/3626184

      Copyright © 2024 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 12 March 2024

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate62of172submissions,36%
    • Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)58
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)20

      Other Metrics

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader