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Non-intrusive Human Vital Sign Detection Using mmWave Sensing Technologies: A Review

Published: 03 November 2023 Publication History

Abstract

Non-invasive human vital sign detection has gained significant attention in recent years, with its potential for contactless, long-term monitoring. Advances in radar systems have enabled non-contact detection of human vital signs, emerging as a crucial area of research. The movements of key human organs influence radar signal propagation, offering researchers the opportunity to detect vital signs by analyzing received electromagnetic (EM) signals. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in millimeter-wave (mmWave) sensing for vital sign detection. We explore human anatomy and various measurement methods, including contact and non-contact approaches, and summarize the principles of mmWave radar sensing. To demonstrate how EM signals can be harnessed for vital sign detection, we discuss four mmWave-based vital sign sensing (MVSS) signal models and elaborate on the signal processing chain for MVSS. Additionally, we present an extensive review of deep learning-based MVSS and compare existing studies. Finally, we offer insights into specific applications of MVSS (e.g., biometric authentication) and highlight future research trends in this domain.

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  1. Non-intrusive Human Vital Sign Detection Using mmWave Sensing Technologies: A Review

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    cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
    ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 20, Issue 1
    January 2024
    717 pages
    EISSN:1550-4867
    DOI:10.1145/3618078
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    Published: 03 November 2023
    Online AM: 12 October 2023
    Accepted: 05 October 2023
    Revised: 25 September 2023
    Received: 03 July 2023
    Published in TOSN Volume 20, Issue 1

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    Author Tags

    1. Vital sign
    2. non-intrusive
    3. mmWave radar
    4. mmWave sensing
    5. sensing models

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    • (2025)A Deterministic Method for Contactless Monitoring of Vital Signs Using Multiple FMCW Radars in the 24 GHz BandIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2025.354031613(27868-27892)Online publication date: 2025
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    • (2024)Non-Contact Heartbeat and Respiration Signal Detection Based on Improved Variational Mode ExtractionIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2024.343495212(106550-106566)Online publication date: 2024
    • (2024)Extraction of Signal in Noncontact Human Vital Signs Signal Using Machine Learning ApproachesInternational Conference on Signal, Machines, Automation, and Algorithm10.1007/978-981-97-6352-8_30(421-432)Online publication date: 19-Dec-2024

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