skip to main content
article

An Overview of 3GPP Standardization for Extended Reality (XR) in 5G and Beyond

Published:01 November 2023Publication History
Skip Abstract Section

Abstract

In recent years, aiming to enhance and extend user experiences beyond the real world, Extended Reality (XR) has emerged to become a new paradigm that enables a plethora of applications [1], e.g., online gaming, online conferencing, social media, etc. XR refers to the human-machine interactions that combine real and virtual environments with the support of computing/communications technologies and wearable devices. The XR content is generated by providers or other users, including audio, video and other metadata. In general, the generated XR content is transmitted to XR devices and rendered into XR scenes (i.e., to generate an image from a 2D or 3D model by means of a computer program), where users can experience a hybrid experience of the real and virtual worlds.

References

  1. C. Ziker, B. Truman, and H. Dodds. 2021. Cross Reality (XR): Challenges and opportunities across the spectrum, Innovative learning Environments in STEM Higher Education: Opportunities, Challenges, and Looking Forward, Springer, New York, NY, 55--77.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. G.C. Burdea and P. Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology (2003), John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  3. J. Carmigniani and B. Furht. 2011. Augmented reality: An overview, Handbook of Augmented Reality, Springer, New York, NY, 3--46.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. M. Speicher, B.D. Hall, and M. Nebeling. May 2019. What Is Mixed Reality?, in Proc. CHI, New York, NY, No. 537, 1--15.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. M. Xu, D. Niyato, J. Chen, H. Zhang, J. Kang, Z. Xiong, S. Mao, and Z. Han. Generative AI-empowered simulation for autonomous driving in vehicular mixed reality metaverses, arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.08418.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. S. Zeng, H. Zhang, B. Di, Z. Han and L. Song. Jan. 2021. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) assisted wireless coverage extension: RIS orientation and location optimization, IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 25, no. 1, 269--273.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  7. 3GPP, "5G; Service Requirements for the 5G System," TS 22.261, V16.14.0, Apr. 2021.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  8. GPP, "5G; Typical Traffic Characteristics of Media Services on 3GPP Networks," TS 26.925, V16.0.0, Mar. 2020.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. 3GPP, "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Virtual Reality (VR) Media Services over 3GPP," TS 26.918, V15.2.0, Mar. 2018.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. 3GPP, "5G; Virtual Reality (VR) Profiles for Streaming," TS 26.118, V16.2.1, May 2021.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. 3GPP, "5G; Extended Reality (XR) in 5G," TS 26.928, V16.0.0, Mar. 2020.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. V. Petrov, M. Gapeyenko, S. Paris, A. Marcano, and K.I. Pedersen. Extended Reality (XR) over 5G and 5G-advanced new radio: Standardization, applications, and trends," IEEE Network (to be published), arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.02242.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. 3GPP, "LTE; 5G; Support of 5G Glass-type Augmented Reality / Mixed Reality (AR/MR) devices," TS 26.998, V17.0.0, Mar. 2022.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  14. "Immersive Stream for XR." Google Cloud. [Online]. Available: https://cloud.google.com/ immersive-stream/xr.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. 3GPP, "5G; 5G Media Streaming (5GMS); General Description and Architecture," TS 26.501, V16.5.0, Sept. 2020.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  16. E.S. Wong, N.H.A. Wahab, F. Saeed, and N. Alharbi. July 2022. 360-degree video bandwidth reduction: Technique and approaches comprehensive review. Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 7581, 1--25.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. "2nd VR Ecosystems & Standards Workshop" [Online]. Available: https://www.vr-if.org/ events/3gpp-vrif-ais-workshop/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. J.M.P. van Waveren. Nov. 2016. The asynchronous time warp for virtual reality on consumer hardware. Proc. ACM VRST, New York, NY, 37--46.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  19. H. Zhang, S. Mao, D. Niyato and Z. Han. Jan. 2023. Location-dependent augmented reality services in wireless edge-enabled metaverse systems, IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc., vol. 4, 171--183.Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. M. Xu, D. Niyato, H. Zhang, J. Kang, Z. Xiong, S. Mao, and Z. Han. Sparks of GPTs in Edge Intelligence for Metaverse: Caching and Inference for Mobile AIGC Services. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.08782.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Recommendations

Comments

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Sign in

Full Access

  • Published in

    cover image GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications
    GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications  Volume 27, Issue 3
    September 2023
    43 pages
    ISSN:2375-0529
    EISSN:2375-0537
    DOI:10.1145/3631588
    Issue’s Table of Contents

    Copyright © 2023 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s)

    Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    • Published: 1 November 2023

    Check for updates

    Qualifiers

    • article
  • Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)108
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)24

    Other Metrics

PDF Format

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader