skip to main content
10.1145/3638985.3638986acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicitConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Vehicle Counting Tool Interface Design For Machine Learning Methods

Published:11 March 2024Publication History

ABSTRACT

Simulators and software visualization tools can be useful for any research to progress. Similarly, in order to predict vehicle traffic or even to improve the use of existing highway, software visualization tools are also needed. In this research, a custom-made software visualization tool has been developed to obtain automatic vehicle Machine-Method count with better accuracy. The tool's interface design has been tailored to make various repetitive tests easier. For example, repetitive test by varying constants, parameter values and making resultant visualization (using two displays) of the detection available for further investigation. The tool can be started from either Windows or Linux operating system environment. The application's front-end uses both Electron and React. It communicates with the Python engine (which uses YOLO and OpenCV through a Python-shell). Playback feature with machine counting process label is also made available. A batch mode is made available to cater continuous counting vehicles from numerous videos or photos in subdirectories generated by CCTV along the highways. Consequently, survey results, such as standard deviations and other statistical tests are presented to show that the software tool has been successfully designed to satisfy ease-of-use in human-machine interface requirements.

Skip Supplemental Material Section

Supplemental Material

References

  1. Debojit Biswas, Hongbo Su, Chengyi Wang, Jason Blankenship, and Aleksandar Stevanovic. 2017. An Automatic Car Counting System Using OverFeat Framework. Sensors 17, 1535 (2017), 14. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/s17071535Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  2. Charles Zaiontz. Nemenyi Test after KW Test | Real Statistics Using Excel. Retrieved March 21, 2019 from http://www.real-statistics.com/one-way-analysis-of-variance-anova/kruskal-wallis-test/nemenyi-test-after-kw/Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. Andy H. F. Chow and Gabriel Gomes. 2009. AURORA RNM – A Macroscopic Simulation Tool For Arterial Traffic Modeling And Control. In Traffic Modeling And Control Management, Berkeley University, 1–14. Retrieved from http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/∼varaiya/papers_ps.dir/TRB_arterial.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. John J. Dudley and Per Ola Kristensson. 2018. A review of user interface design for interactive machine learning. ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst. 8, 2 (2018), 37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3185517Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  5. B. Hardjono, A. Wibisono, A. Nurhadiyatna, I. Sina, and W. Jatmiko. 2013. Virtual Detection Zone in smart phone , with CCTV , and Twitter as part of an Integrated ITS. Int. J. Smart Sens. Intell. Syst. 6, 5 (2013), 1830–1868. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2017-617Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  6. Benny Hardjono. 2011. A Review of Existing Traffic Jam Reduction and Avoidance Technologies. Internetworking Indones. J. 3, 1 (2011), 19–23. Retrieved from http://www.internetworkingindonesia.org/Issues/Vol3-No1-Spring2011/iij_vol3_no1_2011_hardjono.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. Benny Hardjono, Mario G.A. A. Rhizma, Andree E. Widjaja, Hendra Tjahyadi, Madeleine Jose Josodipuro, and Laurentius Dominick Logan. 2019. Vehicle Counting Evaluation on Low-resolution Images using Software Tools. In Proceedings of the ACM-9th International Conference on Information Communication and Management - ICICM 2019, ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, 89–94. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3357419.3357453Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. Benny Hardjono, Hendra Tjahyadi, Mario G. A. Rhizma, Andree E Widjaja, Roberto Kondorura, and Andrew M Halim. 2018. Vehicle Counting Quantitative Comparison Using Background Subtraction, Viola Jones and Deep Learning Methods. In 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), IEEE, Vancouver, BC, 556–562. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMCON.2018.8615085Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  9. Benny Hardjono, Hendra Tjahyadi, Andree Emmanuel Widjaja, and Mario G. A. Rhizma. 2017. Vehicle travel distance and time prediction using Virtual Detection Zone and CCTV Data. In 17th IEEE-International Conference on CommunicationI Technology Proceedings (ICCT), IEEE, Chengdu, China, 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCT.2017.8359947Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  10. Avijit Hazra and Nithya Gogtay. Biostatistics Series Module 3: Comparing Groups: Numerical Variables. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.182416Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  11. Alex A Kurzhanskiy. 2007. Modeling and Software Tools for Freeway Operational Planning. Uni. of California, Berkeley. Retrieved from http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1414764Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  12. Robert P. Loce, Edgar A. Bernal, Wencheng Wu, and Raja Bala. 2013. Computer vision in roadway transportation systems: A survey. J. Electron. Imaging 22, December (2013), 1–24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.22Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  13. Jr. Frank J. Massey. 1951. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test of Goodness of Fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association 46, 68–78. Retrieved from http://www.math.nsysu.edu.tw/∼lomn/homepage/class/92/kstest/kolmogorov.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  14. Pierre-emmanuel Mazaré, Alexandre M Bayen, and Sutardja Dai Hall. 2012. Trade-offs between inductive loops and GPS probe vehicles for travel time estimation: A Mobile Century case study. Transp. Res. Board 91st Annu. Meet. Washington, DC 61801, 217 (2012), 20. Retrieved from http://bayen.eecs.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/conferences/Mazare_12-2746.pdfGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. Jeffrey Miller and Ellis Horowitz. 2007. FreeSim A Free Real-Time Freeway Traffic Simulator. In IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, Ieee, 18–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2007.4357627Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  16. Luz Elena Y Mimbela and Lawrence A Klein. 2000. Summary Of Vehicle Detection And Surveillance Technologies Used In Intelligent Transportation Systems. Retrieved from http://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=681316Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Eva Ostertagová, Oskar Ostertag, and Jozef Kováč. 2014. Methodology and Application of the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Appl. Mech. Mater. 611, (2014), 115–120. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.611.115Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  18. Thorsten Pohlert. 2015. The Pairwise Multiple Comparison of Mean Ranks Package (PMCMR). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part C, Comparative 97, 27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(90)90167-8Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  19. Umme Fawzia Rahim and Hiroshi Mineno. 2020. Tomato Flower Detection and Counting in Greenhouses Using Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network. J. Image Graph. 8, 4 (2020), 107–113. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18178/joig.8.4.107-113Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  20. Abdul Haris Rangkuti, Varyl Hasbi Athala, and Farrel Haridhi Indallah. 2023. Development of Vehicle Detection and Counting Systems with UAV Cameras: Deep Learning and Darknet Algorithms. J. Image Graph. Kingdom) 11, 3 (2023), 248–262. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18178/joig.11.3.248-262Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  21. Joseph Redmon, Santosh Divvala, Ross Girshick, and Ali Farhadi. 2016. You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection. In The IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE ISSN 1063-6919, 779–788. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.91Google ScholarGoogle ScholarCross RefCross Ref
  22. Douglas C Schmidt. 2006. Model-Driven Engineering. IEEE Comput. 39, 2 (2006), 25–31. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2006.58Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. Sayanan Sivaraman and Mohan Manubhai Trivedi. 2013. Looking at vehicles on the road: A survey of vision-based vehicle detection, tracking, and behavior analysis. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 14, 4 (2013), 1773–1795. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2013.2266661Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. Phyllis G. Supino and Jeffrey S. Borer. 2012. Principles of research methodology: a guide for clinical investigators. Springer-Verlag, New York, USA. Retrieved May 10, 2019 from https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781461433590Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. Juan Terven and Diana Cordova-Esparza. 2023. A Comprehensive Review of YOLO: From YOLOv1 and Beyond. under Rev. ACM Comput. Surv. (2023), 1–34. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.00501Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. Martin Treiber and Arne Kesting. 2010. An Open-Source Microscopic Traffic Simulator. Transportation (Amst). 2, 3 (2010), 6–13. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.4913Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  27. Glenn A Walker. 2000. Common statistical methods for clinical research with SAS examples. DOI:https://doi.org/LK - https://worldcat.org/title/52565015Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  28. Traffic Simulation: Everything You Need To Know | PTV Group. Retrieved September 22, 2023 from https://www.ptvgroup.com/en/application-areas/traffic-simulation#trafficsimulationGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Vehicle Counting Tool Interface Design For Machine Learning Methods

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Login options

    Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

    Sign in
    • Published in

      cover image ACM Other conferences
      ICIT '23: Proceedings of the 2023 11th International Conference on Information Technology: IoT and Smart City
      December 2023
      266 pages
      ISBN:9798400709043
      DOI:10.1145/3638985

      Copyright © 2023 ACM

      Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      • Published: 11 March 2024

      Permissions

      Request permissions about this article.

      Request Permissions

      Check for updates

      Qualifiers

      • research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed limited
    • Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)7
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0

      Other Metrics

    PDF Format

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format .

    View HTML Format